16:45 Kan: repeat after me, I Hyce: I Kan: will not, Hyce: will not, Kan: Crash the train. Hyce: Keep the train on the rails for 15 seconds

Hyce: I promise not to derail while I'm gone *2 seconds later* Hyce: Uh oh Edit/addition: Moon landings per Browning High Power* *If you know you know

The Waterloo & City line used to have a train elevator that was connected to a siding at Waterloo station, but it was replaced with a crane after a train fell through down the open shaft from a mislined switch. The city of Cincinnati also had funiculars that streetcars would drive onto which would carry them up the hills.

Kan: “Hyyyyyce I can’t count” Hyce: “YOU HAVE AN ENGINEERING DEGREE”

I predict no, we're gonna have our first Kenosha in a while.

Car shopper: Cargo space? Dom: Yes Car shopper, visibly confused: Can it fit the whole family? Dom: Family.

Gustav was actually put to use when they shelled barbarossa I believe. Btw, it took the germans 5 weeks to assemble it. Also, Gustav had a sister, Dora. Yeah... they had 2 of those giant things. Train of Thought has a video on the gustav which should tell you more. EDIT: Wasn't done watching the video and heard them ask about how they aimed it. Well, that's quite simple: They laid the track in such a way that they coud aim the thing. it might've had a little bit of lateral aiming, but most of the significant aiming was done by literally relaying the track for it.

Waiting for Hyce to realize he had the brakes at 100% on the climax

39:45 lots of railways in the UK had gravity based incline operations - wasn’t quite an elevator but was basically 45+ degrees. the empty cars at the bottom would be attached to a rope (or chain or steel cable) that went up and spooled around a winding mechanism at the top, then looped back down to connect to a cut of full cars. the weight of the full cars traveling downhill would pull the empty cars uphill. mostly on two-foot slate operations in wales but there were a few standard gauge ones!

I love how in the live stream hyce was freaking out in a bad way about the update but during the last vid hyce was all chill like we didn't all know the train models really gave hyce a ten inch flat spot on the brain wheel

I love how much of railroading Hyce just explains away as "It's 1905 and we die like men"

For the German railway gun, they had an entire battalion to operate one gun. They would build a circular section of track to allow them to aim left to right. Interestingly as well, they had to number the shells and fire them in order because they were slightly larger each time, since they had to account for the wear of the lands and groves of the rifling in the gun tube. And they would have to re-tube the gun after like 60 rounds. -current artilleryman

There were quite a few "Wagon lifts" in some locations in Britain. Interestingly, when the London & South-Western Railway built its underground branch (the "Waterloo & City Railway") the depot for the electric trains was underground and the trains were moved to and from that depot for heavy maintenance by a wagon lift in a shaft from the London Waterloo Freight Yard one car at a time. (As Jack Morgan already mentioned below)

There were successful condensing locomotives used in the South African desert, with these enormous tenders that were basically giant radiators. And the smokeboxes were equipped with mechanical fans to provide draft for the fire instead of the exhaust.

kan: "we have options. The switchback or the pain of separating the train" **a few seconds later** Hyce: "fine we'll do the switchback" Kan: **happy Kan noises** Hyce: **pain**

The Y wings were yellow because they were Gold Squadron and the X wings were had red on them because they were Red Squadron.

So Schwerer Gustav (and its sister Dora) did not travel in a fireable state. the double tracks you see them pictured with were their specifically built firing circles where they were assembled by their dedicated Pioneer divisions. the tracks were also notched to give some recoil absorption and easy aiming. When they were traveling they were dismantled and transported in very long trains. Gustav's scuttled train was captured and thats where we get the picture of the men laying inside Gustav's barrel.

Talking about crazy track ballast, there was a wonderful story I read in an old book called "A Treasury of Railroad Folklore," by Botkin and Harlow (which, by the way Hyce, I highly recommend you getting yourself a copy). Back in the 1890's in Argentine, KS, the Santa Fe had a large yard (still there today, as a matter of fact), where one of the industries serviced was a large lead and silver smelter. Some of the ore brought to the smelter came in sealed boxcars from a mine in Mexico. One day, a coal hopper loaded with what appeared to be a low grade coarse sand showed up in the Santa Fe's yard without a bill of lading. The yardmaster didn't know what it was, the freight department didn't know either, apparently nobody knew what the deal was with this car. It sits around for about ten days before the yardmaster decides he's gonna do something with it. He first had it switched over to the sand house to be used for locomotives, but the roundhouse foreman refused the car, saying that it was too coarse to use for engines. Next the yardmaster tried to pawn it off on a sand and gravel company, mixing in this hopper with half a dozen or so cars of gravel, and then switching the cut into their yard. The sand company almost immediately pitched a fit about this bum load of sand and to get that *insert unmentionable explicative* car out of their yard. By this time, the yardmaster is about ready to rip his hair out trying to figure out what to do with this carload of sand, when he runs into a section foreman. He asks the foreman if he could use an extra car of ballast, to which the foreman says that yes, he could. Great! The sand is unloaded into the west end of the Santa Fe's Argentine yard, the hopper is back into service, everybody's happy. About a month later, a car tracer from the home office steps off the morning passenger train and goes straight to the yardmaster's office with a vengeance. He was looking for a missing load of high grade silver ore from Mexico. The car had been traced to the Argentine yard, and was found, but instead of the silver ore, it was loaded with coal slack. He wanted to know where the silver ore was. The yardmaster remembered the unmarked hopper of coarse sand and bashfully led the tracer to the west end of the yard and showed him the freshly ballasted track. The car tracer was livid, and proceeded to tell the whole world what he thought of a dumb railroader who'd use $200 a ton silver ore for track ballast. "Well, it was a damn rich piece of track while it lasted," said the yardmaster as a section gang reloaded the ore into another hopper. How all this madness came to pass is quite simple. The ore loaded in this hopper had originally been loaded into a sealed boxcar, but somewhere on the line it had been involved in an accident, and the ore was transferred from the damaged boxcar into an open hopper, but somebody forgot to update the bill of lading.

The comment about the rails moving reminded me of something: The West Side Lumber Co actually had a setup at the bottom of the big hill down into Toulumne, where the rails that came down the mountain splayed out across what were basically a pair of switch frogs--just jankier. Basically, as every train came down the hill, it would shove the rails a little bit further out, and at various points the track crews would cut off what had been splayed out from these frogs, take them up the hill, and replace the gap that had opened in the top with the cut off pieces. I really want to see what that looked like, because it just must have been fishplate hell. Also, there was a neat train "elevator" that was used by the London Tube to get cars down into the tunnels. I know of at least one instance where a Southern Ry M7 class steam engine fell down the damn thing because it shunted back to far. EDIT: also, the railgun thing: they were aimed through a curve--the guns were fixed. the Gustav twins (Schwerer Gustav and Dora) were both used as well. Gustav shelled the Russians at Sevastopol, and Dora was used during the Warsaw Uprising. It's little sister, Leopold, is still in the US Army collection (somewhere)

Just when I got through 2 hours of Hyce designing a locomotive frame, MORE TRAINS! Who needs sleep.. 😅

Kan falling off the climax and Hyce saying people die on the railroad gives me Million ways to die in the wild west "people die at the fair" vibes😂

On the note of fairlie porters, I think Hyce is confusing the German Zwillinge and the French Péchot-Bourdon. The Zwillinge ("Twins" in German) were nested pairs of 0-6-0's with a shared road and works number, distinguished with A and B. They were built for the German army from about the turn of the century to 1905 and saw primary use abroad in colonies, most notably South West Africa. By the time of the First World War, Germany had been producing Brigadelok 0-8-0's instead for roughly 10 years, and iirc those saw wider use on the front lines. The Péchot-Bourdon was just an 0-4-4-0 fairlie variation. Baldwin built a bunch for France during WW1, and the alleged reason the French wanted a fairlie was that they believed enemy fire could damage one boiler or set of valve gear but the locomotive could continue to operate.

A friend of mine is one of the helpers with the New River Gorge excursion, apparently CSX recently had a locomotive smoke a large bolder going 50 mph in that area… A bolder fell on the track on the opposite side of a bend and the crew couldn’t see it until they was right up on it. As soon as they saw it they slammed on the brakes at 50 mph and hit the bolder going 49 mph. Luckily everyone survived but had some serious injuries…

The US doesn't use metric because it would cost an exorbitant amount of money to change over all tooling and measuring devices. I was a machinist and I thought about this while looking at my very expensive box of micrometers.

Condensing locos were definitely a thing, probably the most famous use was on the London Underground before electric trains took over. They've also been used to conserve water on long routes through desert/arid regions. In regards to wetting coal, I was just watching Lawrie's Mechanical Marvels' video on the Castle Class 100th anniversary event, and when they loaded coal into the loco there was a significant amount of water mixed into it, I'd assume intentionally because it was being loaded from a covered coal stage. (Basically an elevated shed with flip-down platforms where hand carts full of coal can be rolled out above the tender and dumped into it.) Lastly, this has already been mentioned to some degree, but there were a number of car lifts in Britain. They made heavy use of viaducts there and had whole elevated yards in some places, and there were several places where one elevated railroad crossed another that was at ground level and there was a need to get cars from one to the other and no space to build a long ramp connecting them so lifts were used. I believe there were also a few cases where they were used to serve industries alongside elevated lines. It probably helps that British rolling stock was absolutely tiny until the late 20th century.

I think the best bet to up the preformance of your locomotive for your fast and furious steam edition would be a welded safety valve :P What could go wrong.

On the topic of railroads renumbering engines, here is the saga of Flying Scotsmans number: Original Great Northern number: 1472 1st LNER number: 4472 2nd LNER number (Edward Thompson): 502 3rd LNER Number (Peppercorn): 103 British Railways number: 60103 5 numbers in the span of just under 20 years

there were a number of condensing locomotives, those usually had a draft fan in the smokebox. the germans had some 200 BR52 with condensing Tenders for Russia and Africa, the south african class 25 which ran from 1953 to 1987 were 90 big Northerns with a condeser tender.

Really happy to be a follower on the channel or I never would have known about the museum. And now I'm an ops volunteer there! Super excited to do many hours of service keeping these machines going safely! Thanks Mark!

As an "working" engineer, the freedom vs science units just means that I do unit conversions. A lot. Also the tons (tonnes) is burnt into my brain: short tons, long tons (boats & iron ore), metric tonnes: 2000lb, 2204lbs, 2240 lbs.

8:32 Us Brits always "slaked" our locomotive coal to reduce fire risk and dust, both before loading into the coaler and during locomotive coaling. There's a charming 30s employee safety/efficiency training video here on KZfaq under "LMS Engine shed" which I highly recommend. Funnily enough preservation steam on the main line can't slake it's coal because of the overhead wires and the cabs are dirtier to work in as a result 33:33 This was actually done in arid regions like South Africa's Class 25. They used a steam turbine powered fan to generate draught and had RIDICULOUSLY long condensing tenders at around 14m(46ft) long. 39:28 This was used to transfer cars between the Waterloo & City line and the goods yard at Waterloo station. The Waterloo & City is entirely underground, depot included, and has no connection to other lines so this was the only way to transfer stock. The line was owned by the mainline and both are standard gauge so it made sense to interface the 2. By the time it joined London Underground in the 90s the goods yard and Armstrong lift had been removed and they now lower cars through a vertical access shaft. 43:25 In our modern society where we use decimal currency and count in 10s Imperial is very obtuse. However (as much as I hate to admit it as) I have to recognise as a mathematician that the Imperial system makes dividing easier. You know how you can easily split an hour into parts? 1,2,3,4,5,6,10,12,20,30,60? well 12 divides nicely by 2,3,4,6 and 16 divides by 2,4,8. The other issue with Imperial is the units for length, distance, weight, and volume do not interface. A mile is not a nice number of feet and I'll bet you didn't know a gallon is 231 cubic inches. Pre-decimal Britain (and other European nations) took this a step further with the currency consisting of L(Pounds)=£, S(Shillings)=£1/20, and D(Pence)=£1/240 and the weight of the coin corresponded to it's value making it easy to count with weighing scales for an uneducated populous. In fact the £ symbol is a stylized L for Lbs. 48:55 The Apollo computers ran in metric because the maths is so much easier, however the values for the displays were converted to Imperial so they would be intuitive to the astronauts. Also fun fact the US was almost an early adopter of metric: Imperial measures are from the British empire and the US wanted to use France's new metric system after independence. Then the set of weights and measures France shipped were taken by pirates and the US kept Imperial.

57:37, my sister-in-law grew up in Claremore, OK. its a small town, and when a train stops, it cuts the entire town in half, and BNSF crews used to do this all the time so they could get dunkin donuts, but then the city forced the dunkin donuts to move, and now the town just gets cut in half whenever 2 trains need to pass

57:50 so Fun fact! When I was younger I used to do delivery for a pizza place. We had a call for a delivery at road that didn't have any houses on it but were told we were delivering to a Train. I got the order, and we figured it was just going to be a prank or some homeless. Sure enough, parked just short of the crossing to allow road traffic through was a pair of CSX Locomotives pulling tanker cars. There'd been a problem ahead of them so they were told to stop here and were looking at a 2 or 3 hour delay, so they went "Screw it" and ordered a pizza to see if we'd come. We all had a good laugh and I got to go in the Cab for little bit. Good dudes, tipped well too!

Percy should be number 55 or 610 if you're sequence breaking anyway, because 34 should be Rule 34 and 21 is already locked as Kenosha. Loving this series, you're such a great duo and the chemistry is so good!

40:10 there is the "Oberweißbacher Bergbahn" in Germany which can lift small 4 wheel standard gauge cars up an 25% incline using a special transfer car. I guess you could count that as a train-elevator

Springdale Power Plant was from the Harmarville was fed from the Springdale coal mine under the Allegheny River via two tunnels, one inbound and one outbound with carts of coal. Individual cars would be elevated out of the ground, dumped, and lowered back underground. My grandfather was a mining engineer for AP Coal at said mine as a management employee and surveyed it.

Recently I was on a road that was marked as 6% and was thinking about how steep it was. I couldn't imagine a train doing 6% let alone 10%. I think watching it on a screen really doesn't capture just how steep the grades are.

Train crews stopping for lunch: There's a spot in my hometown of San Marcos, TX, actually pretty close to my house, where there's a signal just shy of an interstate crossing (which being Texas means both the elevated freeway itself plus parallel access roads on either side). On the other side of the highway there's a cluster of restaurants; a McDonald's, a Wendy's, a Taco Cabana, a local fast food Mexican place, even a couple sit-down places; an IHOP, a Saltgrass steakhouse, a Chuy's Mexican. And there is a long standing tradition that when trains get stopped at that signal the crews will tie her down, dismount, walk up the tracks under the highway, and grab a round of burgers or a bag of tacos for the road; if it's a long stop they'll even sit down and eat in the restaurant. Interlinked locomotives: Some of the first steam engines imported to Japan in 1871 were the Class 190 2-4-0t. Built by Dubs of Glasgow, these two engines, numbers 9 & 10, were originally intended to be semi-permanently coupled back to back to form sort of an el-cheapo double fairlie for use on heavy freight trains. To this end they were delivered with no brakes. At all. None, not even handbrakes. The idea was that while working in tandem the engine facing backwards would pull against the train's momentum and stop it that way. But this arrangement meant that in order to be able to 1. stop, and 2. couple to anything else when working on their own, each loco also had to come with its own bespoke brake van, which made operations with them very awkward; if the engine was somewhere where their brake van wasn't, they could only pull things cab-first, and had to rely on the train's brake van to stop. Add to this huge boxy water tanks that covered most of the running gear so oiling up was a nightmare (plus they just looked ugly) and a cab that was fully open on the back and mostly open on the sides making it super drafty and not giving much protection from the weather and limiting coal space to the top of the side tanks, and the end result was that both British and Japanese crews HATED these engines; of the initial 10 2-4-0t's ordered from 5 different builders to see whose were best, the Dubs pair were by far the worst. They weren't even needed for freight work; Sharp-Steward had delivered a pair of 0-4-2 tender engines to take care of that. By 1873, after just 3 years of work the Japanese were fed up with them and had both rebuilt with proper steam brakes and better cabs. They were rebuilt again in 1895 along more conventional lines before being eventually being sold to a private railway company in 1911 and eventually both scrapped in 1927. Multi-track trains: A magazine illustration from 1885 showed a plan to build a colossal portage railroad to carry ships across the isthmus of Panama. 3 broad gauge tracks would run parallel with a trio of colossal double fairlies hauling an enormous flatcar with a full sized ocean liner loaded onto a cradle onto it. Details on exact operations are sketchy; presumably there would be a run-round loop, or some sources claim a mammoth turntable at the top of the grade so that the whole lot could descend backwards to the opposite ocean. Obviously this was never built, but there was a brief window when this hairbrained scheme actually seemed more plausible than digging a canal. Trench Railways: I almost wrote my undergrad thesis on this (until my professor, who knew me well, forbid me from writing any topic related to trains; I even half-joked that even the word "Train" was verboten. She was trying to challenge me to think outside the box, plus I think years of me bringing them up in her classes had just annoyed her), but the potted version is that yes, little 2ft temporary narrow gauge railways would be used mainly to move supplies and troops from the nearest supply depots and standard gauge railheads to dump sites nearer the front, mostly because 1. little trains were much more readily available thanks to the French and Welsh mining industries and tramways before the war, and 2. the chewed up artillery-bombarded ground was virtually impassible to trucks or horse-drawn wagons in many places, but little trains could weave through the gaps more easily. All sorts of locomotives were used by all sides (yes, the Germans had them too, the Heeresfeldbahn), the main requirements being 1. light weight for the temporary track, 2. quick to mass produce, and 3. easy to maintain and repair. It was rare for trench railways to run all the way up to the front lines, and often where they did only diesel and petrol locomotives were allowed as they didn't want the enemy to see and target the smoke of a steam engine. After the war many trench locomotives were sold as surplus back into civilian industry; many rural logging railways in Romania and former Yugoslavia still use German trench trains, and the character of Smudger from the Rev. Awdry's "Railway Series" was based on a real American trench engine sold to a Welsh railway only to prove to be a cheaply built piece of junk.

A quick note on the condenser locomotive concept - it did end up being developed and having uses in particular cases. The metropolitan railway (one of the London Underground Precursors) A and B class locomotives were both condensers, and SAR (South African Railways) had condensers, such as the Class 25 (a 4-8-4) due to the lack of sufficient water supply when crossing the Karoo and going into Namibia. The Class 25 had a steam turbine in the smokebox and tradition holds that it performed better than the locomotives that were not fitted with the condenser.

The portage railroad in PA used to haul cars up by cables after the canals started going away. Later they built an actual railroad grade up the mountain before the PRR took over

57:41 *Driver stuck at rail crossing:* Damn, whats taking this freight train so long to get going again? *Engineer:* borgor and fries 🍔

I ain't crew, but the first time I took the Empire builder out to Seattle, I ordered takeout from a restaurant I knew in Redwing MN. and had a friend of mine run it down to me at the station. Crew looked kind envious they didn't get any. :P

44:53 Proud Yankee here, I completely agree with Kan. Once you’ve had to do hydrodynamic or thermodynamic stuff or weights and centers in US units, you will learn to vehemently hate having to deal with feet, inches, and eights, pounds force vs pounds mass vs slugs, and BTUs. The conversion factors alone could fill a book.

The difference between the Imperial system and the metric system is how the units are divided. In Metric it's all based on 10, in imperial it's all either doubled or tripled. This gives the metric system a slight advantage in ease of use when dealing with precision, while the imperial system has a slight edge during everyday use.

1:07:05: Yes, there are people in the comments that would know. Schwerer Gustav could naturally only pitch up and down; lateral aim was (ingeniously) achieved by the track shape. Emplacement tracks for Gustav were laid in an arc, so by moving the whole artillery piece back or forth on the tracks you could change the direction of its aim. This allowed the gun to be exceptionally precise despite its massive size. It actually was used in the war; it first saw action in spring of '42 in the Siege of Sevastopol, and it was ultimately destroyed by German soldiers themselves in April '45 to keep it from falling into Allied hands.

Only the Railway guns had setups where you needed two Locomotives on parallel track to pull it. And yes the German's did fire them in warfare on multiple occasions till the guns were either destroyed or the tracks were destroyed to the point the guns couldn't be moved to firing positions. Only 3 were made and only one survived to be disassembled by the Americans.

"I promise not to derail while im away" Kenosha intensifies lmao, good shit :P

I like my Winchester Model 1894 in .32 Winchester Special. Kicks like a mule, booms like thunder rather than a crack like a fighter jet (used to work on a US AFB, got my share of sonic booms from F-15s coming in at 150 feet over my head for a few years). Your shoulder will be sore for a week after 10 shots, two weeks if you do a full box of 20 at the range. My great-grandpa used to hunt deer and even an elk or two with it. I remember hearing a story long ago about an engineer or fireman on some logging railroad in the Pacific Northwest who was loved by the loggers because he would pop a deer with a Winchester lever-action from the cab of his locomotive (no idea which of the geared three it was) and would then skin and butcher it and then even cook it using his engine, kept them better fed than the lumber company itself. And I had a feeling the 6.5% had a wrench waiting for you two, heh… good effort, though! Finally got the game myself, and already to the iron mine myself in just 3 days, but LORDY do I ever have a load more respect for you and kAN, laying track is a PAIN… probably easier for you two being engineers and doing mental math easily. Math hates me, my brain works on retaining historical information, so math is… just forget it for me, heh. I still vote Tenmile for #21 “Kenosha” with antler headlights just because it looks so crazy, you might think the designer was drunk… plus, who else could bin it on that hill, like in your livestream?

Fun fact 2, it was very common in logging and mining to use cables to pull cars up and down very steep grades, in CA there was a logging operation that zip lined log cars across a huge canyon

43:20 I read somewhere that the reason for the seemingly weird Imperial units is that for most human operations, it's incredibly useful to be able to divide evenly by 2, 3, and 4. Metric divides evenly by 2, 5, and occasionally 4, so dividing a meter by 3 doesn't really work well. Scientific and engineering math is honestly the only place where Imperial is absolutely worse, but the average person isn't doing engineering math.

Schwere Gustav was designed to destroy concrete fortifications and was used only once, at the Siege of Sevastopol, the shots it fired completely destroyed Sevastopol's fortifications. To aim it, they pushed or pulled it around a curve, thus changing which direction the gun was pointing as the barrel could only be elevated/depressed.

I Railfan in Meadville Pennsylvania. One of the rail lines run east out of Meadville on the Western New York and Pennsylvania shortline rr through Corry Pennsylvania, the home of the Climax locomotives . The main thing I want to say is Meadville is an interchange for the WNYP with Norfolk Southern. The one day I was waiting for like an hour to Film the NS local leaving, and like 10 minutes before they do, a white van drives past me and goes dashing up along the ROW , to the locomotives and they handed off what I believe to have been a box or two of pizza. I couldn’t help but laugh at what I was watching. A little more on the WNYP shortline, this class 3 rr actually oversees over 300 miles of track and utilizes old four axle alco units, as well as more modern AC6000’s that were repowered with GEVO-16’s. Quite a funny “little” rr

Back to the metric conversation, it's funny. In the injection molding shop that I work at on my side of Pennsylvania, we do a mix of imperial and metric. The temperatures and stuff are in Fahrenheit but the positions and speeds are in mm and mm/s. And I've gotten very use to that. Edit: Also forgot to mention we do our weights and grams also. Like when adding color and other additives.

FYI - Cedar, Pine, Larch etc are evergreens (non deciduous). Coniferous describes a genus of evergreen shrubs and trees that bear cones and have needles for leaves.

39:25 Locks don’t involve any pumping. They just let water in on the upstream side and out on the downstream side. They’re entirely powered by the difference in height between the water level above and below the lock.

on the subject of train elevators, the Chicago Tunnel Company had a bunch to service their customers, the Chicago Tunnel Company or CTC was a narrow gauge subway that connected many of the buildings in downtown chicago with the various stations and freight houses to deliver coal, mail, ash, and other goods and to keep as many delivery trucks off of the already crowded streets. and to get to the basements of some of these buildings they used elevators to lift the cars up from track to the spur that was in many of these buildings.

Coaling towers also depended on the sort of coal a railroad had available. The Great Western Railway in the UK never built a coaling tower, despite being a huge company with receipts to the equivalent of £2bn in 2021, because they used soft welsh coal that would have been dashed to slack by the drop.

I expected the Kenosha on the 10% and was really surprised when it didn't happen. Then we get to a nice not-spicy have-to-work-to-crash-here piece of track and why am I hearing the first verse?????? Then Hyce reminds me that he can Kenosha anything anywhere. 😂 The whole "it depends" thing has been making me laugh/giving me flashbacks for a while now, because my engineering stats prof as an undergrad was the same way and he drove us all nuts. By the end of the term we were debating going down to EE where his wife was a prof and asking what he said at the altar. The difference is that Prof. Hyce actually explains in concise layman's terms what depends on what and why!! Thanks for another fun episode, fellas. If y'all buy that Ruby Basin eyesore, I might want put on the unalive list, and I'm going to have a stopwatch for Kenosha.

The Football yard was actually first developed by the Romans as a "step" and the welsh as a "pace", later used by the british as early as the 10th century. Also, for anyone working the CN Chatham Sub, Pizza Tonite is open until like 3am and is literally walking distance from the Via Rail Station.

Red is the squadron’s name. There is Red, Blue, and Yellow. Red and Blue were fighters, x-wings. And Yellow were the bombers, y-wings. Each had highlights on the respective ships for the pilots to tell who was around them and who the squad leader was talking to at a glance. Later b-wings and a-wings were used in the assault on the second Death Star.

who else saw the break at 100% when climing the 10%? please tell me it was a visual bug (OCD at 100%)

Cedars are related to pines, as both are in the Pinaceae family. The difference is, pines are in the Pinus genus, whereas cedars are in the Cedras genus.

16:50 that whezz 18:41 the timing with the hand brake makes it so much beter i love this channel.❤

In regards to the food convo……My wife used to manage a 7-11 here in WV. And several times a week, like 3-4 the train would call ahead and order pizza, and because the tracks ran right behind the store, they would stop, come get their pizza and drinks, and then be on their way. It was WV so of course it was a coal train, I believe CSX.

Artillery trains were actually quite a common sight before the advent of bomber aircraft. For aiming, they usually took one of two track layouts, either a circular track or a equilateral wye. or where specific track was laid, it was often relaid to improve aiming. With regards recoil, i believe they would allow the train to roll on the track in some cases.

54:00 the climax has it's breaks on at 100% no wonder you didn't make it up the hill!

I’ve been trying to teach my friends how to drift in Forza, and one of the things I told them is that when you’re properly drifting it’s just like driving on ice. When you said you have a lot less braking power when wheels are stopped idk why it made me think of that, but that’s just how I make sense of drifting.

Hi Hyce, I commented on last video about lowering the music volume and wanted to say that this video was perfect. Can still hear the awesome music in the background while yours and kAn's voices are in the foreground. :)

Y’all seem to be remembering the gen 6 NASCAR cup cars. Those were skewed to generate force on the right side to turn left. The left side looked like a normal car, but the right was almost completely flat. While the chassis were different depending on the type of track, they didn’t adjust the skew for a road course, they just had symmetrical setups (like shocks and camber). There were also some super twisted gen 4 cars nicknamed “twisted sisters”. With the gen 7 that came out in 2022, the cars are symmetrical so other than changing the spoiler and diffuser, the same car races on all tracks.

Percy? I'd have said with the boxy sides and longer wheelbase the Ruby Basin in nuclear green is CLEARLY Duck!

Quick thing about larger caliber fire arms. The barrels generally move to offset the force being hit into your hands or shoulders. For example the barrett 50. Cal, you can see the barrel push back after firing. Some shotguns even have it like in some brownings. You can also look at artillery and naval guns. With those the have to move or they would blow the barrel straight out the back. So with all this rambling I'm sure the German rail gun had a barrel the moved to reduce it to not blow it off the tracks.

Major nascar teams have multiple back up cars as well as cars set up for strictly oval and cars set up for road courses. The main stipulation is that for each race one car can be used from first practice to the end of the race and can only be replaced by a backup if the original inspected vehicle wrecks in practice or qualifying at the expense of starting at the rear of the pack.

The one time I know something about NASCAR! I live near the Watkins Glen International raceway, and the cars they use there are different from the cars used in oval track racing. They're a touch smaller if I remember correctly, and they're set up more like a traditional racecar with emphasis on overall balance. Also, the drivers who do well in oval track don't usually do as well on a road course style track and vice versa. We USED to have Formula One here to, but that's been gone for quite a while.

Soooo what have we learned today Hyce? That you're basically an overgrown toddler that can't be left unsupervised with a choo choo for even 5 SECONDS without binning it a glorious fashion in Railroads Online or Derail Valley 🤣🤣

If I remember correctly, they positioned the train artillery on a curve so if they needed to change the angle of attack they would pull or push it to the direction they needed

2 Major benefits of Imperial, 1, Fahrenheit is more Accurite then Celsius (IE 10 F. Thermostats will be closer to agreeing to each other then 10 C. thermostats,) And 2, Imperial is FAAAARRR more accurite for Machining/Manufacturing IE. Imperial bolt thread has a tighter fit then metric, etc, (also most the world boasts about metric being superior, But all metric sockets are driven by a 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 3/4 or 1 inch drive ratchet xD) And if you hate converting metric and imperial, Lemme tell ya about Wentward Standard!

I remember in college converting metric units into the most inconvenient english units possible as a protest ... stone-furlongs per fortnight. In surveying class, there was also rods and chains as units.

The Ruby Basin (I mean Emerald Antler Basin) is an interesting choo choo. The line green paint is a neat belated St. Patrick’s Day nod too haha.

You know you're going spicy fast when Smells like Kenosha plays. But that's with the power of hindsight and video editing. :)

There was an entire group of scientists and engineers who came down from Canada to work on the Apollo program and they used metric in their designs and needed to be converted. To this day, their contribution to putting a man on the moon is considered by NASA/NACA to have been vital to it's completion, particularly in such a short time, and their work has been officially recognized by the President (I do not remember which). So, yes. Metric did put a man on the moon.

Big NASCAR fan here, as of last year, the Cup series car has a symmetrical body, the bodies that are twisted to turn left aren’t allowed anymore, they gotta run straight. Kinda neat!

The Panama canal uses tug trains that run parallel either side of the canal to tow ships through the locks.. Also China uses 8' gauge on metro system. Russia and few other countries had 5' gauge seems to be more of Aisa thing to use broad gauge. But we in the UK Brunel used 7'¼" gauge to build the original GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY a lot of the early Dean's locomotives but later converted to 4' gauge when we adopted the standard gauge.

43:00 the nonsense got us to the moon lol

So the US government was looking to standardize behind the metric system. Thomas Jefferson, while Secretary of State, wrote to his French colleagues, who sent a scientist with a kilogram weight for referencing. His ship was blown off course and captured by British privateer who took the scientist captive and held him for ransom. He died in captivity and the weight was auctioned off. It found it's way back to the US government in 1952.

So with Nascar, they have dedicated road course cars specifically for left and right turns. With oval track chassis, they do put weight in, though it's more regulated nowadays than it used to be, but they also put a lot of adjustment to camber, caster and toe to make it go left on its own. Drivers have to fight the steering wheel down the straight to keep it from going left

There's a story on a Great Western Railway branch line in the UK. There was a signal on an embankment that had a pub at the bottom of it.. In the time they had to stop at the signal the crew would then sprint down the hill, down the pints that were left on the wall of the pub garden, leave the exact money on the wall next to the empties then dash back up to the loco before the signal changed... Suddenly was reminded of this by the Wendy's story!

When I worked for Rail Crew helping out with CSX there was definitely some guys who would stop for food if they thought they could get away with it. But normally they would see it was me helping that day and call me to pick them food up along the way, or we would stop and get it before I dropped them at the train. Some of them would have me drive up a service road and they would slow down to a crawl and grab it. they would also buy me lunch as a thank you. I never should have left that job I miss it a lot.

The Gustav rail canon was the largest artillery piece ever fielded, only surpassed by the experimental British mallet mortar and American little David mortar. The gun saw use at Sevastopol siege but was intended to breach the maginot line, as such it was used to target an undersea ammo dump inside a reinforced bunker. The Gustav series of railway guns are aimed by the laying of track on site, with plans to build a massive turntable proposed as well as a supermassive 1500 ton tracked chassis to mount the gun on known as the monster. The gun was vulnerable to aircraft and relying too much on on site construction of its required track. As such it was less useful than the single track artillery rail canons that had dedicated turntables and mountain bunkers for firing/hiding.

Superheavy railguns like the 80cm German piece aimed by travelling along a curve until it pointed the correct direction. The engineers were thinking "what do come up with so I don't get sent to the Eastern Front as a rifleman"

Not just railroaders like pizza, my dad works in construction and before Christmas they had a bunch of pizzas delivered and everyone was happy!

I think metric is good for measuring temperature in every case but weather, in weather F° acts more as a measurement of safety beyond 0° F and 100° F is when you start needing additional safety precautions and equipment to survive for longer than brief exposure

Chiming in on fahrenheit scale, it's based on the boiling point and freezing point of brine (very salty water). The scale was from 0° (freezing) to 200° (boiling) but then they adjusted the scale so boiling ended up being 212°. So it's based on the properties of a chemical like Celsius is, just with another chemical mixed in.

I'm expecting Hyce at one point to say 'we die like men, kAN' and just full send the train into the stratosphere, making the world's first steam-powered rocket ship.

South African railways class 25 is a condensing locomotive. The tender has a gigantic condenser section to it. There are a few others. They are almost always exclusively used in areas where water refills are scarce.

For the topic of the train elevators: I remember on the original Thomas and Friends show with he models, they had a little coal tipper that used an elevator to lift coal wagons to load it, I'm not sure if it was a real thing but it could have been. And I also recall a few episodes of the narrow gauge line having some sort of pulley system to bring slate (i think it was slate) wagons up a hill. Not sure if these were actually on British railways, or if any of the concepts were put on American railroads.

49:25 actually it used to be defined by the average of a certain number of metal weights kept in glass cases across the world, and they would be shipped back to France or England every so often to be re-measured. Now, it's not calculated by an object, but a certain number of silicon atoms. Veritassium made a video on it, it's titled "the roundest object in the world" or whatever

i heard the smells like Kenosha just barely start up in the background over the noise of switching out cars in derail valley and you guys talking and i heard it for like one and a half seconds and my head immediately snapped to look at my second monitor and now my neck hurts, no regrets.

33:20, so that's why #491 has a cyclone front end. So it helps to create a better draft for the firebox.

@ 43:00 the foot measurement rumored came from king Henry foot, the yard is around the distance of a pace. the Fahrenheit is better described as a percent to understand.

In regards to the "parallel tracks-two trains" topic, the only other instance I can think of is the Panama Canal locos, but they don't really "pull" the ship so much as guide it. The concept could only work on exactly straight rails, as one train would move faster than the other thru a curve.