biblically accurate gearbox

If a pair of sticks had a diagonal connecting bar on only one side of the hub, making a sort of U shape, the other pair parallel with it could have a connecting bar on the other side of the hub. It would still be possible to pull the sticks out in one direction, but there would be a “safe” direction where it collided with the hub, and there would effectively be half as many stick components to get lined up in sync.

this seriously looks like one of those satisfying looping animations

What comes to mind for easier assembly is: 1. Make a jig which can hold all the racks and the core in the right positions, but doesn't touch the gears. 2. Assemble the core puzzle. 3. Put all the parts in the jig except for the gears. 4. Slide the gears onto their axles. That way, all the racks can be put into their central position without any constraints, rather than needing to start in the “just falling out” position all at once.

The way the sticks mutually hold each other in place immediately makes me think of the Borromean Rings.

5:08 Different Idea: you can have the driving rack have a waffle iron pattern and the driven racks can both be driven. Think of the driven racks as tools that carve tracks out of the driving rack, if you carve both patterns out of the driving rack it will only have little parallelogram nubs that don't interface with the whole sliding surface, but it will be able to go both ways

I can't even comprehend the sticks holding each other around the core, forget about the movement! so cool!

Engendering students really need this as part of their core continuum.

You could connect the axial pairs by using concentric rings, just set the rings on the inside or outside of the pair and have mounting tabs, this would allow for a full range of motion. Stemming from this, the concentric rings could also have a guide pin that sits on the outer face of the rings with a pole that sits on the curved surface of the core, where the axle for the gears sits, this would help for assembly. For assembly, the various constraints are what make this easy, the system is constrained to where all centerpoints align, and the gears just slot into place, the guide pins are a temporary constraint whereas the gears are a permanent constraint. For clarification on the concentric rings: Say the square of rods is a base circle. One pair of rods would get a larger concentric circle, the other pair gets a smaller concentric circle, both with mounting tabs for the pair of rods they connect to. For example, axis positive would get a larger circle, axis negative would get a smaller circle; though, personally, I think each pair should get both sizes of rings on the two ends, which could be further used as an endstop against the core. The guide pin would have a flange that seats on both circles at the same time, thus constraining them to the same centerpoint position; and in combination with the guide pin's rod seating on the core, this constrains the axial pair's centerpoints to the core's centerpoint. Let's look at one set of rods, say the X-axis. The core constrains the rods in the Y and Z axes, allowing free movement within the X-axis. The concentric rings will constrain the positive and negative pairs of the four rods, which this later becomes redundant with the installation of the gears. The guide pin will constrain the X-axis position of both of these pairs; at least as a soft constraint with one pin, and a hard constraint with two pins, but really only one is needed. Repeat this for the Y and Z axial pairs. The installation of the gears would now constrain the rods to the core, the two opposed axial pairs together, and an axial rod to its perpendicular neighbor, thus constraining everything together. The original product already had this final constraint, but with a more difficult assembly, but mimicking these constraints during assembly makes the process easier, and as a coincidental byproduct the system that binds two rods together is also usable for setting up the assembly constraints.

MC Escher: **heavy breathing**

Great as always! To connect 2 rods you could probably add a brace that does not connect straight across, but in an arch that skips over the other rods

5:34 Can't you have diagonal racks on both sides of a stick to achieve direct contact opposite motion?

Wow, this is absolutely fascinating! I can't think of any practical use cases in my head right now (though there are probably a good amount), but I'm thinking some implementation into a crazy CNC based system for experimental manufacturing!

I love your videos. Great videography, wonderful explanations of how things work. It's both eye and brain candy.

lovely - i reached for my star burr puzzle and pulled it apart as you did in your video - so thanks for naming that wooden puzzle of mine that i guess me dad bought decades ago - but also - i now have to remember how to put the star burr puzzle back together again - x

Great! Like to see the rods circular!

There is a way of having this be a rack-rack interaction: Just have one of the racks have a pattern of a diamond lattice that you get when you do a union of the two diagonal rack patterns.

To stop the racks from falling out of the core you could make little screw on caps for the ends of the racks that would be too big to get pulled out, similar to how the gears are mounted but with a flange rather than a gear.

Interesting if you place a Cartesian coordinate system at the center of the gear mechanism you'll have a mechanism of constant mass centroid location but variable off axis moment of inertia, product of inertia

Here's what worked for me! First, mark the center of each rack on the back side. Then, starting with a bare hub (no pinions), arrange four racks and put a rubber band around each end of each set to hold them to the hub. Then again with another set of 4 and rubber bands. Get them all approximately centered; they don't have to be in exactly the right position or rotation, just close. Then choose a pinion that will contact three of the racks and insert it (with the bolt), careful to center each of the 3 racks it contacts as you do. Repeat for the opposing pinion, then the other two that contact the racks placed so far. Repeat one more time with the remaining four racks and two pinions. I'm not saying it's easy, but it was relatively straightforward. EDIT: Also, thanks for the cool design, and informative video! I'm sure it will be a great conversation piece!

I feel like I'm watching secrets of the universe while watching this channel

at 5:12, I wonder what would happen if you didn't make all the racks have grooves in only one direction, but formed a kind of a diamond-shaped, bidirectional grooves (a diagonal criss-cross pattern). Something similar to those bidirectional bolt threads: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/rJ9mf7eX0tqogIk.html

7:15 "But I do want to talk about the core on its own, so I guess I have to…" I see you have not yet discovered the magic of making two of them!

Love your work Henry! 👍👍👍

5:22 On the lower single stick you could change it to a diamond pattern where it is both diagonals cut out of it. You could also add a connector bar to each end of only one pair of sticks per side and it would also stop the sticks from falling out while allowing the ends to move past each other (add the bar to both ends of the pair moving one direction along the x axis but not the other parallel pair of sticks that moves the opposite direction and same for y and z axis).

I am in love with this 😍

Amazing!!! Your videos on their own are enough of a reason to buy a 3D printer

I find all of these so mechanically pleasing. To assemble, line up all the racks on the core with toothless gears/wheels so everything slides easy, tape racks to hold the shape, and swap out the wheels for gears 1 by 1 meshing teeth as you go.

Great work, thanks for the video

If you add a size increase at the end of the sticks so they won't fit through the gears it will block them from moving through in that direction. If you add that as a stick-on to the other end as well, it will be forever locked in place.

personally, the star burr puzzle is my favorite. as at first glance it seems impossible to put together or take apart because each piece holds each other like a borromean rings. but once you know the solution, it's a trivial dexterity toy.

Great! This sculpture should be easier to copy in LEGO or fischertechnik than those where the racks mesh directly.

So, next step a lattice made up of six axis racks. And then put it into a universe with "asteroids" bounding conditions for infinitely moving racks.

0:00 new favorite animated wallpaper

Instead of having bars going across pairs of sticks, you could just put attachable nubs onto the ends of the sticks (e.g. bolt on) that are bigger than the holes between the gears, which would prevent the sticks from going all the way through.

oh yeah, this hits all the right spots of my ocd. simply amazing.

No need for gears. It's enough if each one from the six axis interacts with two others, not three. You can make a closed chain of the six sticks that way. Now, get a cube, set it on one corner, and look from above, so it will look like a hexagon. Arrange that chain of six sticks onto the sides of this hexagon, alternating between "upward" sides of the cube, and the "downward" sides of the cube. Done, you "just" have to design the way to keep them together. On each corner of the hexagon you have a join between two axes. It will look somewhat similar to the three axis solution, but the sticks that lay on the same axis will be moving in opposite direction to each other.

For version that do not have cogs, if you make bar with only row of pegs they could drive two orthogonal bars that are set in opposite directions. Round pegs will not block move of orthogonal bars as they are exactly same when mirrored.

One of the best KZfaq videos I've seen in a while!

To put them together I would take out the gears, put all horizontal stix in the core (stack themfrom lowest to highest), then stick the vertical stix in a fixture or a lump of putty on the table. That way I could (hopefully) line up all the stix in equal llength and have one hand free to reinstall the gears, locking everything together.

Would love to see this skinned in a silicone blob shape. I think it's movements might confuse people. Ever considered going into animatronic territory?

Babe wake up, a new Henry Segerman video just dropped.

If you want 2 racks to interact with a single one moving in opposite directions you could cut the groves all the way in both directions on the stationary rack leaving diamonds behind (similar to the people who have cut both left and right handed threads on a screw).

I think the key in lining them up would be in adding the gears on Afterward.

Super awesome! You have a beautiful mind. Speaking of moment 6:57, you could connect bars a and d on the right end, and connect bars b and c on the left end.

You can do a hatch pattern on the bottom plate and it should let you move the two top plates on opposite directions.

That looks like something you'd find in the middle of a Tardis.

As far as how to synchronize them... I see that they've got a 1/2 tooth offset on the two sides of each stick. So if you had a worm gear with 2 teeth on it (double-helix) you could insert those one by one, thread them in/out until they're all the same length, probably via some sort of mark at the center of each worm, then temporarily attach the sticks to the end of each, push them all through in sync, then remove the worms from the sticks.

lovely design and would it not be easy to build clips that grab onto the pairs of racks and while they are bottomed out in the core attache the gears and bolt it down

So this is the gearbox that every borderlands game starts by mentioning

Mesmerizing

1:58 would make good endless gif material

this both tingles and hurts my brain

The long sticks with the gear track makes me think of crinkle cut fries

is it possible to design the green parts as a circle so the movement is infinite?

oh, hey, it's me!

Hello! 5:30 If you cut the two-way slat where it meets the transition of the teeth on the other slat, you get a two-way "X" toothing that runs its entire length. Best regards: A.P. Hungary🙂

About making a rack push two other racks in opposite directions: Could you make worm drive racks such that the linear motion pushes in one direction while the screw spinning motion pushes in the opposite direction? Then the two racks you want to push...i guess one would be sliding and the other rotating in a threaded hole, to go oppositely? I suppose that wouldn't 'count' either.

Jesus christ Henry, you've done it again. It's recursive racks.

I cannot wait for the seven axis racks

you can have racks that go both way (mesh in two directions) without the gears. Similar to a nut and bolt that can screw and unscrew in both directions.

I wonder if you could make the racks largish circles (ideally either small enough to still be printed or else arcs that can be connected together) with the core riding on the circle what that would look like, could you connect multiple cores per circle, what about loops of core-circle-core-circle-core-circle-core-circle in say an octahedral arrangement (because of the even number of edges around a vertex)?

slotted racks with the correct spacing and phasing should allow you to get the same results without gears similar to a bidirectional bolt

AAAAAAH this is so satisfying it's like geometrical crack!

What about using sliding racks over a diamond grid (so both angle racks intersected) allowing for movement in both directions

I could've sworn that I had seen this before, but it must've been one of the previous racks.

i have no idea what these could be used for, but they are still cool.

It is beautiful, as always ✨. I wondered if there was a way to move two different ways using the principle of the two-way screws ? With the driving stick having a kind of grid pattern ?

In the industry, we refer to this as the crincle-cut gear.

what happens when you do the design on 5:40 and you extend/overlap the pattern? they always keep following there straight what so it is possible to have more motion right?

The best and fastest way to put it together straight (once) is to trim the racks after assembly.

When it moves, it looks like X box era visual sound system/music videos jittery colored lines

With eight of those chores and more sticks, you could create a cube center. Something like a 3D #.

you could have one pair of sticks connected with a straight line, and the other pair of sticks connected with an ellipse that goes around the first pair

2-way hinged crossbar/caps across the pairs of sticks that move in the same direction parallel to each other would allow them to cross through another pair of sticks so movement isn't limited, but perhaps the bulk of the axis mechanism could block the hinged crossbars from allowing us to easily deconstruct the sculpture? I was thinking of how nice the dual-directional swinging doors of a laundromat allow 2 directional flow or with lack of a central bar create one large opening for larger loads...I'm not a mechanically minded person so I may be relying too much on the central mechanism to somehow block the "doors" from allowing the sticks to be pushed all the way out, but feels close.

I wonder if it would be possible to turn the sticks into hoops, so instead of going back and forth over the length of a terminated stick, the gears of the core would keep rotating in one direction while the hoops "rolled"

If these were belts instead of sticks you’d have a very cool gearbox

The two aligned "sticks" on each axis should be connected with a bar. The two opposing sticks should be connected with a RING around the periphery. This will link the 2 "sticks" without them colliding. YOU'RE WELCOME!

"Flexible sticks" could be used as "tracks", and pass through the core to form 6 continuous counter-rotating loops? Gear profile would need to capture the track better so it wouldn't fly apart...

3D print the sticks long enough so that you can loop them :)

Oh there's a link for the models! i want the tetrahedron!

5:37 instead of having 3 plates all designed with slats, have 2 slatted plates (opposing directions of the slats) interface with a diamond studded plate? That way the slats themselves determine the direction that they move?

6:52- put the joint on the other side, or in one it's on the edges and the second is on the middle, if you have access to it. actually the middle feels like a bad idea...

Sir Roger Penrose would love to see this.

5:35 There is a hand powered screw driver called the 'Yankee Screwdriver. The core has two sets of paths for one rod, somehow it can be pumped to make a continuous rotation. I've also seen a bidirectional nut, that has two paths cut into it. Would this concept be used to solve this particular problem?

Please make a version in which, instead of the straight bars, you use large radii circles, so the movement may never stop. Don't ask me how to ensemble it thou.

If you make the racks two sided, could you have one side have the pattern required for the reverse motion without the gears?

What if you somehow combined this with tensegrity structures and magnets? Also, staggered herringbone gears are the best gears.

instead of sticks would it be possible to make this with rings so you they can just keep going an every direction? i think it would look really cool although that might put it past what's feasibility printable size-wise

Nice racks

5:33 maybe this has been suggested, but can't you have X-slits on the bottom rack to allow mirrored diagonal racks to move in opposite directions?

Excellent! With the angled groove bars could that be made in a way where the top surface had //////// grooves and the bottom had \\\\\\\\ grooves?

nope only 3 axis...those other "axi" are simply diagonal combinations of XYZ...and do not offer additional degrees of freedom.

Very nice :)

What if you used cross hatching on some of the racks? Would that allow for the same motion in rack to rack configuration?

Not 100% sure what your main goal is here, but im curious as to if you dont want two sticks moving parrell in the same direction, if you add in beveled gears sure they will move in same directions but i think you fix the parrell issue maybe.

Why didn't you use a circle for the flat plate example instead of diagonal lines?

What's wrong with the racks moving in the same direction? Do the ones along the third axis jam?

For the non-geared version can you use interrupted teeth?

now, to get the most out of the six axis, we just need to make a version that unfolds into six spatial dimensions! easy