This video shows Hepatic Hydatid Cyst and Benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) is an extremely common condition in elderly men and is a major cause of bladder outflow obstruction.
The most common presentation is with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) including
poor stream despite straining
Hesitancy, frequency, and incomplete emptying of the bladder
Nocturia
There is an increase in the volume of the prostate with a calculated volume exceeding 30 mL (width x height x length x 0.52), But according to some experts, The normal prostate gland has measures 3 × 3 × 5 cm approximately or a volume of 25 ml.
The central gland is enlarged and is hypoechoic or of mixed echogenicity.
Calcification may be seen both within the enlarged gland as well as in the pseudocapsule.
Post-micturition residual volume is typically elevated.
Associated bladder wall hypertrophy and trabeculation due to chronically elevated filling pressures.
Risk factors of BPH
Increasing age
Family history
Race: blacks more than whites more than Asians
Cardiovascular disease
Use of beta-blockers
Metabolic syndrome: diabetes, hypertension, obesity
Ultrasound has become the standard first-line investigation after the urologist's finger.
Other tests such as urine flow study, digital rectal exam, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test, cystoscopy, ultrasound, or prostate MRI may be used to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment for BPH may depend on the severity of the symptoms and range from no treatment to medication or surgery.
Hydatid disease is mainly caused by infection with the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. It is an important pathogenic, zoonotic and parasitic infection (acquired from animals) of humans, following ingestion of tapeworm eggs excreted in the feces of infected dogs.
The cysts found in those with cystic Echinococcus are usually filled with a clear fluid called hydatid fluid, are spherical, and typically consist of one compartment, and are usually only found in one area of the body.
Hydatid disease is a potentially serious but treatable infection that may be fatal in a small number of cases. Hydatid disease is especially common in grazing areas.
Can you get worms from your dog licking you?
Fortunately, most of it doesn't make us sick, but some can. Parasites like hookworm, roundworm, and giardia can be passed from dog to human through licking. Salmonella, too, can be passed from your dog to you, or vice versa.
Liver flukes are parasites that can infect humans and cause liver and bile duct disease. At first, liver flukes may cause no symptoms, or depending on the type and severity of the infection, they may cause fever, chills, abdominal pain, liver enlargement, nausea, vomiting, and hives. Fasciola flukes are more likely to cause these symptoms.
Rupture of a hydatid cyst into the abdominal cavity is a rare complication of the hydatid disease and causes serious problems and severe, life-threatening complications, including anaphylaxis. Rupture can occur spontaneously or following a trauma. Hepatic hydatid disease is a parasitic zoonosis caused by the Echinococcus tapeworm. In the liver, two agents are recognized as causing disease in humans:
• Echinococcus granulosus
• Echinococcus multilocularis
• Septated cyst with "daughter" cysts and echogenic material between the cysts. Appearances can vary. May show a double echogenic shadow due to the pericyst. The stage of the cyst may be classified on ultrasound.
Hydatid disease in people is mainly caused by infection with the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. It is an important pathogenic, zoonotic and parasitic infection (acquired from animals) of humans, following ingestion of tapeworm eggs excreted in the feces of infected dogs.
One of the most common ways to diagnose Hydatid Disease is to look for the presence of asymptomatic cysts. Many asymptomatic cysts can be located using Ultrasound Imaging, CT, and MRI scans are also useful in detecting cysts that are on the liver and/or spleen.
Rupture of a hydatid cyst into the abdominal cavity is a rare complication of the hydatid disease and causes serious problems and severe, life-threatening complications, including anaphylaxis. ... Rupture can occur spontaneously or following a trauma.
The eggs travel through the bloodstream, lodge in organs, and form watery cysts full of tapeworm heads. This is known as hydatid disease or echinococcosis. Hydatid disease is not contagious and is not passed by person-to-person contact.
The Gharbi ultrasound classification consists of five stages:
stage 1: homogeneously hypoechogenic cystic thin-walled lesion
stage 2: septated cystic lesion
stage 3: cystic lesion with daughter lesions
stage 4: pseudo-tumor lesion
stage 5: calcified or partially calcified lesion (inactive cyst).