Historic Brickwork: A Design Resource, with Calder Loth

Рет қаралды 72,375

Күн бұрын

Architectural historian Calder Loth presents a course about historic brickwork, one of the oldest and most enduring of building materials.
This course is presented by the Institute of Classical Architecture & Art, a national nonprofit promoting the practice, understanding, and appreciation of classical design. To watch more online classes like this one, or to become a member and support our educational mission, visit www.classicist.org/ .
About the Course:
A vast proportion of classical and traditional architecture is constructed of brick, one of the oldest and most enduring of building materials. Brick bonds and details lend character and interest to buildings. Yet many architects overlook the value of brickwork as a design resource, too often relying on mechanical veneers. Using many illustrations, this course examines different brickwork styles found on American buildings from the colonial period into the twentieth century. The discussion will include European origins, regional styles, brick manufacturing, mortar joint types, as well as decorative details.
00:00 Roman Brick
06:06 Bond Types: English Bond; Dutch Cross Bond; English Cross Bond; Flemish Bond Dutch Bond; Monk Bond; Header Bond; American Bond; Stretcher Bond
37:39 Colonial Brick Details
52:11 Mortar Joints and Other Details
This film was made possible by the Estate of Christopher H. Browne and the Orville Gordon Browne Foundation.
A Special Thanks to our Presenting Sponsor of Online Education: Douglas C. Wright Architects
Receive credit for this course:
Viewers may receive continuing education (CE) and/or AIA credit by watching this video and subsequently scoring at least 70% on a quiz that tests your understanding of the material. To learn more, click here: www.classicist.org/quiz-histo...
About the Instructor:
Calder Loth is Senior Architectural Historian for the Virginia Department of Historic Resources and a member of the Institute of Classical Architecture & Art Advisory Council. He was the recipient of the 2010 ICAA Board of Directors Honor Award and the 2017 Virginia AIA Honor Award for significant contributions to the understanding of Virginia's built environment. He is the author of Congressional Resolution 259 honoring the 500th anniversary of the birth of Andrea Palladio, passed unanimously.

Пікірлер: 64

@jaredsumrall510 11 ай бұрын

I am a brick laborer on the Gulf Coast beach of Mississippi. I am fulfilled.

@creestee08 3 жыл бұрын

i am so glad im alive today. ive never guessed that i would be able to listen, watch and learn about bricks. kid's today are sure lucky.

@kimberlyperrotis8962 2 жыл бұрын

Me, too, that’s why I love the Internet and KZfaq, we can learn about anything and everything we want. This has never been possible before in history! It’s a great time to be alive! And a great time to be a woman, never before have we had such freedom, equality and opportunity, but there’s still a way to go.

@mikeymasters8459 2 жыл бұрын

Same here! Who knew I was a fan of English bond brickwork.

@cateb7276 2 жыл бұрын

I can’t get enough of Calder Loth’s presentations/lectures. Thorough, engaging, and impeccably presented. I listen to them over and over and never tire of them! Thank you!

@playingthepiano9661 3 жыл бұрын

Professor Loth is a first-rate teacher with a gift for making complex material memorable. Thank-you!

@PaddleDogC5 2 жыл бұрын

Cool I'm at it 50 years. Have tons of old brick books some back to 1700's

@gc-tm1tv 3 жыл бұрын

Superb lecture. Thank you Mr. Loth.

@Mukundanghri Жыл бұрын

Sublime to ridiculous? I happened to fancy the ridiculous. It appears artistic and not static. Did learn a tremendous amount of information from this lecture and I will be rewatching it.

@kimberlyperrotis8962 2 жыл бұрын

We don’t see much brick here on the West Coast because it’s so seismically active and bricks (or stone or concrete blocks) can’t be used structurally in this geologic environment. Brick decorative veneers are fairly popular and some all-brick garden structures, like low walls and planters, are still built, if they’re not to house people or other animals.

@vaevictis3612 3 жыл бұрын

Several comments: 1) Ancient Roman brick has not always necessarily been covered up. There are many surviving structures, especially in Ostia, which have been featuring both load-bearing exposed brick buildings and concrete core structures faced with brick (be it in the form of *opus testaceum or opus reticulatum*, especially in Hadrianic times. 2) Fired brick has not been lost in the Middle Ages, in fact in 13-15th century was really a golden age of exposed brick structure in much of Central and Southern Europe, especially where good stone quarries were missing. North European Brick Gothic (*Backsteingotik* in German) is the highlight of how much the masonry techniques developed - some examples (out of tenths of thousands) are St. Anne's Church of Vilnius, Altes Rathaus of Hanover, Rathaus of Tangermünde, great part of Old Lübeck, etc. Many of the timber buildings of North Europe also feature brick masonry infills, check Altländer farmhouse in Stade, Germany. There are however many survivings of brick buildings from 5th-11th centuries throughout Europe, primarily Central Italy and Germany, commonly grouped up as Brick Romanesque \ Backsteinromanik. 3) Pantheon is actually a concrete building, brick is only a facing (a sort of opus incertum followed by another layer of brick veneer followed by stucco \ marble cladding.

@datrakapo4807 2 жыл бұрын

Great comment cleared a few things up for me

@disposabull 2 жыл бұрын

There is a lot of survivor bias going on. Italy is warm and dry, bricks last a long time. Britain is cold and wet, brickwork deteriorates much more quickly. I believe that dating of clay pits etc has shown continual usage throughout the millenia but it's rare\impossible to find any surviving structures from 1500 years ago that aren't stone.

@r.t.dominguez1717 3 жыл бұрын

I'm a big fan Professor Loth! I loved your series of classical lectures. Modified mine based on yours! 💚

@xv12commander 3 жыл бұрын

Yes he's great.

@marinedrive5484 4 ай бұрын

Fantastic presentation of historical brickwork and of the decorative effects achieved by using different bonds. Such fine brickwork now tends to be the preserve of the very wealthy because of the costs involved in sourcing materials and labour.

@kimberlyperrotis8962 2 жыл бұрын

The “penciling” technique reminds me of the fairly recent discovery that in gothic cathedrals the original stone work was painted and “better” masonry joint lines painted on, for regularizing, obscuring, or highlighting the appearance of the joints. Many restorations have been using this technique, where it was discovered that this was indeed the original finish. It’s controversial because many people think the stonework should be “natural”, but that just isn’t how they were designed. I have been following the cleaning and restoration of these cathedrals with interest, the removal of 800-900 years of smoke and grime has revealed wonderful things. In addition to the regular use of many candles and incense, braziers were brought in for the elite in their dedicated pews and for some baptisms, and often there were accidental fires that contributed to the heavy smoke buildup. Of course, wood and coal smoke has changed the original exterior colors almost beyond recognition. Most of this work is just regular, but gentle, cleaning and scrubbing.

@josephyoung6749 2 жыл бұрын

Those roman bricks, I love them! Buildings just look cleaner with them.

@dreed7312 Жыл бұрын

I've been interested in this and seeking authoritative sources for years! What a great resource. There are differences in the bricks found in the early colonies along the Gulf of Mexico. Knowing the difference can help you identify ruins. There are lost structures on old maps that nobody today knows the true location of and local historians still seek. Knowing who built an early customs house and the source of their bricks is essential knowledge for fieldwork!

@robsonger1 Жыл бұрын

I sent this video to my colleague before I had a chance to watch it...he told me its a 'must' watch....and it was..is. Having taught brickwork myself for many years it was great to hear the in depth explanations and histories of your research. Two things came to my mind towards the end, that mixed bond of a course of Flemish followed by a course of English, I would look at what is immediately after the quoin closer, if its a stretcher then the bond is a variant of English, if it is a header then its a variant of Flemish. (I briefly mention this in one of my videos - the fine art of brickwork - Bonding Lesson 5) I've also sent this video to my evening class students in a hope that it will generate even more enthusiasm in them. Thank you so much for sharing all the insight and information.

@AntPDC 6 ай бұрын

Another superb and engaging presentation. Thank you again Mr Loth.

@Mrcool12684 2 жыл бұрын

Ill tell ya what...I am a, well a nerd for this type of stuff, and I absolutely love this video and all the other videos Loth does. I wish I could go back and get my degree in Historic Architecture. That is truly the most fascinating stuff to me. Well Hist Architecture or ancient pre history architecture like buildings in bronze age and stuff like that. It is super awesome and thanks a bunch!

@kimberlyperrotis8962 2 жыл бұрын

Why not go back and do your degree in it? I’m thinking about it, too.

@TWOCOWS1 3 жыл бұрын

I LOVE Calder. what a wonderful teacher, knowledgeable, unassuming but in depth educator. Explains everything because he knows everything about these stuff, including their greek or latin meaning of the words. Just one correction: we did not import masons from England to work on the brick structures, but imported brick layers. Masons work on masonry/stone, not bricks.

@kimberlyperrotis8962 2 жыл бұрын

In the US, both bricklayers and stoneworkers are called masons, we don’t differentiate because most can work with both materials.

@TWOCOWS1 2 жыл бұрын

@@kimberlyperrotis8962 you just contradicted yourself: break-layers are those who lay breaks: masons/stone-workers work with masonry, i.e., stone. that is WHY we got two different words for the two different type of job. only the amateurs confuse them together. being able to do two jobs does not mean trashing the correct words: a trumpeter and a pianists are both musicians, but who would call a pianist a trumpeter or a drummer?? come on Kimberly: no need covering error with more errors

@marks6663 7 ай бұрын

@@TWOCOWS1 a bricklayer is a type of mason. I don't know where you come from, but check the definition of mason, and masonry. It includes both brick and stone. Are you suggesting Calder Loth does not know the definition of mason but you do?

@TWOCOWS1 7 ай бұрын

@@marks6663 As you wish. Languages are specific when they have various words for various jobs. A blacksmith is not the same as a cooper. Nor is a mason the same as a brick layer. If you rather be general than specific, then just called them construction workers

@kimberlyperrotis8962 2 жыл бұрын

Those builders in Amsterdam must have built excellent foundations to support those 7 to 8 story brick structures, especially in the softer, wetter soils of the Netherlands. That height/mass for an unreinforced masonry building is pushing the structural limits even on the best foundations. They are earlier than the modern re-discovery of concrete technology, so they must be quite deep and broad. I wonder if they, too are brick, or if they imported stone for some of them.

@vincentveneman4248 Жыл бұрын

Amsterdam is built on piles. Today these are concrete of course but before the 20th century wooden piles were used. These have to be put below ground water level to prevent rotting. They usually extent to ca. 12 meters (40ft) below ground. These piles are connected by horizontal wooden beams upon which the brick walls are then put. So the foundations are rather deep than broad. The foundations on a typical deep and narrow canal house are on the sides of the house, parallel to those of its neighbour. That's why the facades pretty much have to carry their own load only (and not the floors) and thus the windows can be as large as the used materials permit. Stone was imported but mainly for facade cladding and decorative use. Actually, the wooden piles were imported, too. The 17th century Royal Palace for example is supported by more than 13.000 wooden piles imported from Norway.

@AntonioCostaRealEstate 3 жыл бұрын

This is a theme you can go back watching to glean as much inspiration and information as possible whether you want to become a connoisseur, a practicing architect looking to enrich your arsenal of ideas, perhaps a resourceful mason, or just a builder.

@bigbufobufo 2 жыл бұрын

Fascinating examples of brickwork done in historic buildings in my home state of Virginia

@Southwesternism Жыл бұрын

@47:42 when mentioned that this pattern is seen a lot throughout New Jersey, I immediately thought of a particular sports uniform. This pattern can also be seen on the NBA team New Jersey Nets’ uniform from the early 2000’s. I wonder if the uniform designers were inspired by the diapering seen throughout NJ?

@mbarrylane 2 жыл бұрын

Unless I’m mistaken, ˋMonk Bondˋ is called ˋDouble Flemish bondˋ in England

@pux0rb 5 күн бұрын

This was a great lecture! I learned so much about bricks.

@danbiss87 Жыл бұрын

I want to know why we aren't developing building science techniques for solid masonry walls. Instead we've developed and evolved our standards to accommodate wooden framed structures. Beautiful brick architecture can't be used today in the name of energy efficiency and its really a shame. All our houses built today are flat, aren't built to last, and those that are beautiful are made with just a masonry façade but still lacks elaborate details of fine craftsmanship. I wish someone would challenge the powers at be and bring back the beauty of solid masonry walls.

@willyummiest Жыл бұрын

I love this man.

@mubbasherniaz8082 2 жыл бұрын

I’ve been inside kew palace! Wow. Why am I watching a 1 hour video on bricks? Ima physiotherapist

@kimberlyperrotis8962 2 жыл бұрын

Because it’s interesting!

@shable1436 Жыл бұрын

I wish I could take a picture of my place to send to this guy, my farmhouse was built in 1830s by handmade brick on site with a mixture of colors, and stretcher course on the outside but has 18 inches of brick work in the walls, so very thick, but it is three stories tall so very durable and solid, it needs some pointing work on the lower parts of the grouting is so old it is crumbling so re doing it and using a sealant after pointing with a mixture using tuck point that was done with widdled wooden tools, because I can see the remains of small twig marks in some of the old pointing work. Edit I'm in south western Virginia

@josephcordell9227 2 жыл бұрын

great job; wonderfully explained.

@xv12commander 3 жыл бұрын

Very nice but I think you missed to show how brick can be used to craft any aspect of classical architecture, including columns, capitals, entablatures, etc, etc this can be seen very often in Turin (see Palazzo Carignano).

@marcosgarcia2643 2 жыл бұрын

A-MAAAA-ZIIIIING!

@Sandy-lj2lo 2 жыл бұрын

1910s stone retaining walls thoughout Washington DC were tuck pointed with a round rather than square white inset of mortar.

@luckyandblessed 2 жыл бұрын

What is this? How can you tell what the bricks were like from the foundation ? What's what usually excavated.

@memoirs666 6 ай бұрын

i love you calder!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

@tjdghks626 2 жыл бұрын

좋아요 !!!

@urixcorp4919 3 жыл бұрын

Please @icaa add subtitles to this video. I don't hear English very well.

@lucprovencher9411 8 ай бұрын

the foundation and chimney of my house is monk bond

@IconDevco 3 жыл бұрын

people going to bog standard Substance Designer tutorials, but this is where the REAL info is. They hide this kind of knowledge in books

@NetKingCol 3 ай бұрын

Thanks for a brilliant presentation! On visiting Ypres, I found that the Flemish name for the town in 'Ieper' - curse this sans serif typeface that makes it look like a person suffering from leprosy :( - so the word 'diaper' looks very much like 'de Ieper' i.e. 'from Ieper'.

@nikshaw5413 Жыл бұрын

Hi enjoyed your post would love to chat with you sometime about brickwork if possible,thanks again . From Nik an old English Bricklayer x

@TFrills Жыл бұрын

this guy sounds like a cross between a Southerner and a Canadian. I can picture him saying "I'm goin oat and aboat" instead of "I'm going out and about." Either way. Very informative.

@shable1436 Жыл бұрын

I like the roman bricks that looked like wedges placed in a wall and the surface looks like Xs

@dogblessamerica Жыл бұрын

23:00 Phlegmish bond!

@olsonlr 5 ай бұрын

What is the R value equivalent with a double brick wall?

@aa-zz6328 8 ай бұрын

You got to mention the Ishtar Gate, or any brickwork from Mesopotamia and Persia.

@pantymelt Жыл бұрын

47:11 Diapering! 🤣🤣🤣

@AutoWorldzz 3 жыл бұрын

"Nice and creative Videos，I can see A lot of thought has been put into the content and editing of the video， This is really my favorite channel.:) .🌴🌴🌴excellent 👍👌👍👌👍 🌴🌴🌴 🌴🌴🌴 🌴🌴🌴 🌴🌴🌴 " Charleston †† Kanawha 2021

@clambake444 3 жыл бұрын

I call the last slide: "drunk brick."

@daveg7628 Жыл бұрын

I've been a mason for many years and have worked on various intricate commercial buildings. I love the craft and it really is an art. Its beautiful and when well built can out live generations, but this guy is boring the h*ll out of me. I couldn't make it past 5 minutes. I do appreciate your knowledge sir!