Glad you like them!

@progressive Army I have been in the middle of the Congolese jungles and I loved it :)

@progressive Army yes but long ago may have been different :)

You're very welcome!

Lucas, Wow. What a great idea! I think that if computers and digital videography had been around when I was 17 (that was in 1985...ugh) I might have done the same thing. Here is my first thoughts on how you could get going. 1. Camera. If you have a smart phone...and as a 17 year-old, I assume the answer is yes...then the camera on your Samsung or iPhone is more than sufficient. You might want to spend a small sum for a tripod. You can get one for phones for around $20...although you could simply prop it up on a bookshelf. If you use your phone, don't use the selfie cameras, use the cameras on the back of the phone...they are much better quality, although you can't see yourself. To get around that, do trial and error with where you are standing and then mark on the floor where you need to stand. No, kidding, I have a textbook on the floor that I put my toes whenever I make my videos to make sure I'm in frame. 2. Software. This is the biggest expense I have...the editing software. I use Adobe Premiere Pro--but that is overkill for a beginner (which I still am to a degree) and very expensive. If you already have a computer (which you really need) if you have a Mac, then you already have iMovie which is good to get started. There are other free video editors. Davinci Resolve is supposed to be rather good and has a free version, although I've never used it. I started out using Magix Movie Pro. Unlike Adobe, it is not a subscription service--you buy it once and you are good. You can get their base version for about $70. 3. Research. Although occasionally viewers will point out something they disagree with, I do try to research each and every video I make and I use the same process that I teach my students for their research projects. I have a series on that on the channel. Google Scholar is a great place to start. If you are still in school, your library likely has access to a research database such as Gale. And of course, the general internet is a good source...but you want to objectively evaluate all of your sources for bias and credibility. 4. B-Roll. Besides research, I think the part of making these videos that takes the most time is finding videos and images that help demonstrate what I'm saying. Since it is KZfaq, I cannot use many of the sources that I might otherwise use in my classroom due to copyright issues. You have to use content that either is public domain or is license free. I use two sites for probably 80% of my B-Roll (this refers to the videos of something else that isn't of me). Those two sites are Pexels.com and Pixabay.com. Free to use and all of their content is license free. I also use the National Archives for historical footage that is in the public domain. As an educator, I can claim (and occasionally do) fair use of some copyrighted material. However, do so sparingly as what is considered to be fair use is not set in stone and can be interpreted differently. I try hard to stay well within accepted practices whenever I do use fair use to make sure I don't have any issues. OK, long response, but hopefully this helps you. Mr. Rueschhoff

Thanks!

Sub-Saharan Africa is simply a perceptual region and can change based upon who is discussing the region and the story they want to tell. I get in trouble for putting Afghanistan into Central Asia as opposed to South Asia and Vietnam as part of Southeast Asia as opposed to East Asia. Different organizations define the region differently. For example, the United Nations defines it as all of Africa except Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan and Tunisia.

Europeans (especially the British) ended the 5000+ year old disgusting world wide slave trade that most sub-Saharan empires were built on… Europeans were enslaved by Africans for 1500+ years & the British had to make Africans & Middle Eastern, Asian areas to give up enslaving & managed it on 85% of the planet but these atrocities still happen in these areas to this day, to this day…. Britain made everyone have freedom & democracy, so stop calling the descendants of these people racist as they are the ones who made everyone more equal than their own ever would… Britain should be loved by everyone….

I am a follower of anthropologists Dr. Diop & professor of antiquities Dr. Rebecca Futo Kennedy and you're right "sub saharan" is a modern Western term of separation of darker & lighter and it's racist before that word it was only Saharan. This is her speaking about Greek historian Herodotus & the term Sub-Saharan kzfaq.info/get/bejne/a9GSq9KBnKuwqmg.html

It means black Africa

@@lightspeed2034 Great 😊

These are very kind words indeed. Thank you.

I appreciate your passion and caring enough about the topic to post. Thank you. If I inferred that Portugal’s voyages to and around Africa were solely due to the purpose of slavery, my apologies as that is not at all what I meant to imply. Certainly, Portugal and other countries were sailing around Africa to reach lucrative markets in Asia after land routes were cut off. Portugal did begin to establish trading posts in Africa as early as 1445-first in Mauritania. Products from West Africa that Portugal traded for were ivory, peppers and copper. But, yes…also people to be traded as slaves. In 1448, the Portuguese established the first “factory” in west Africa to buy from Africans rather than capture people themselves for slavery. This established the model of the African to European to New World acquisition of people out of Africa for slavery. The Portuguese were certainly not the only European nation to enter this vile trade…but they were the model that other Europeans would follow. Franses and van den Heuvel (2019) also points out that while other European countries did engage in the slave trade, they were the largest carriers of slaves. As for Brazil, yes. The prevailing scholarship (while your comment that certainty is not 100% is valid) does support that Brazil was the destination for more slaves than any other location. This is supported not only by the proportional symbol map that I used from slavevoyages.org which is currently hosted at Rice University. But I also consulted Phillip Curtin’s The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census, Joseph Miller’s (1989) “The Numbers, Origins, and Destinations of Slaves in the Eighteenth-Century Angolan Slave Trade,” David Eltis’s (2007) “A brief overview of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade,” and Franses and van den Heuvel (2019) “Aggregate statistics on trafficker-destination relations in the Atlantic slave trade.” Thanks again for caring enough to post.

🤓🤓

I appreciate your passion on this and caring enough to post. The term Sub-Saharan Africa has no more importance rather than to describe the perceptual region of Africa that lies below the Saharan Desert. As for Ethiopia, I'm unaware of whenever I stated that they are Caucasian as that is not my view at all. Once again, I appreciate that you cared enough to post and am glad you are a viewer.

I Kno whites and Arabs try to claim north Africa but they are invaders

​@@tommyakbar2978not true.

@bimmerheadn5492you are a man with an identity crisis

Yeah...I need to get a better script writer. Thanks for pointing that out. Meant to say colonies...not countries. Thanks for caring enough to post.

@@rueschhoffteaches No worries, I really appreciate your videos. I didn't enjoy world history much in high school but now I love to see how geography influences history. I've only watched 2 of your videos but I plan to probably watch them all. I see some other people comment issues they have but I think your videos are great.

Ummm. According to records and dna evidence, they come fromSpain and Portugal. The Portuguese had brought them to the Canary Islands-which for transparency is off the coast of Africa but not Africa continent-and it is believed that Columbus picked up a few to bring to the Americas in 1493.

@@rueschhoffteaches Do a deep dive. You will see the Iberian cattle largely originate from African breeds

Because the Sahara is 30% of Africa and not easily traversable

Because it’s an even bigger barrier than the Mediterranean

Because they’re scared to say Black Africa.

​@@UnDark1 Is there a "white" Europe? "Yellow" Asia?

⁠@@18breaths66there’s Western/Eastern Europe, a political, religious, and cultural designation. There’s East Asia, the countries influenced by Chinese culture in the past, then there’s the Indian Sub-Continent, which is also a distinct culture. What’s the difference between north and “sub Saharan” Africa? Muslim/Arab culture extends way below the Sahara. The only thing unique about “Sub Saharan” Africa is the people’s phenotype. But even then, there are black people living in the Sahara and in North Africa. So yeah, no equivalent anywhere else, just Africans get split by race by using a plausibly deniable term like “Sub Saharan”. Also, you should know this since North Africans use “Sub Saharan” as a pejorative.

Are you aware Europeans also fought against one another?

As I discuss in a different video, there are nearly 2000 different languages spoken in Africa which is the most diverse continent in the world. A challenge is always trying to capture everything in a 15 minute video. Sometimes I don’t always do full justice to the regions that I cover. I’ll note that violence and hate are not terms unique to one country, ethnicity, or religion. Unfortunately, these are global conditions. Thanks for watching and caring enough to comment.

@@dawnmcsweaney6521 Yes

Why do you think they couldnt develop a written language

@@memphisakan4691 There is whole lot of explanations geography plays a role, genetics is a strong candidate too.