Fun fact: most FPV equipment alternates between even and odd fields for each frame it shows to the user. This is why you don't see the interlacing artifacts when there's motion on the screen. It's also why the "resolution" of analog feeds seem so low. It's also why the image bounces by one scanline if you look closely.

I love your videos, you are engineering explained for FPV

Very clear explanation. Your video covered all the questions I had. Thank you.

I came across your channel quite recently and I have to say that I really appreciate your explanatory series. I feel like this is exactly the content that was missing in the FPV community for so long because prior to your videos this technical information was hardly accessible and not very structured. Many other KZfaqrs therefore base their explanations on feel rather than facts which often leads to confusion and no technical understanding. So that is exactly why I enjoy your professional way of producing these videos. Keep up the great work!

I'm really looking forward to your DJI video. I've been curious on the actual differences between digital and analog video.

Neat. This is very helpful and informative. I love this channel. One of the few that share some uncommon knowledge.

Thank you for another great topic. You filled in some areas I either forgot or was hung over in my undergrad engineering classes. Please keep up your amazing videos.

Thank you for another absolutely amazing and informative video. After your explanation, analog video signal conversion, transmission and reception technology amazes me even more, especially considering the fact that it has been researched such a long time ago!

Amazing, thanks for making this! I'm looking forward to the other videos

Excellent video now I know a litter more of analog video than before so cool .thank U.

And here comes the next top video. Thank you for all the knowledge that you share with us.

Sir as always a wealth of concise information. Armed with this information, picking out equipment is much easier and a lot cheaper. No more guessing and trying things if you know what you want this information lets you choose the equipment that suits your needs best the first time. Mr. Rosser, I will become a Patreon in the new year, for both yourself and J Bardwell. Can not thank you enough for all the hard work. Happy Holidays

Thanks for several "oh wow" moments in your video. I sort of knew how it worked at a high level, but had never dug into the details. Thanks for another great video. I'm looking forward to the DJI video one.

Thank you for sharing your knowledge with the community. Also AOS 3.5” just came in the mail and can’t wait to try it!

Great video! One of the best I have watched for how these things work.

Great series idea. Thanks, Chris 🤝

Chris thanks for your work. You are a big guy in fpv community. Good luck.

Where have you been the last ten years Cheers for the great videos

Great explanation! Thanks for making this.

This is the best channel for newer pilots for sure. (Maybe experienced guys too, but im newer so idk) In 4 months ive learned how to tune a scratch built quad with a free education from here and others. I cant even imagine the time involved in learning all that on my own, thanks for condensing this stuff so that a simple pipefitter can go from zero to building and tuning quads , you are really doing a great thing here.

Thank You Chris Rosser! Awesome Presentation.

Another top notch video from the new FPV guru!

Great as usual!keep it up!

Great video! Actually made video transmission understandable to me.

Really appreciate this!

Great video again Chris. Didn't know I wanted to learn about this but hey all knowledge is good eh ! Looking forward to the DJI video, although Good as it is I haven't won the lottery yet. Keep it up my man. Analogue for the time being. 😁

Great content! More information laid out in clear form in one place. Very nice :-) (Joke) Question: "How does analogue video work in FPV?" Answer: "Badly"

Thanks Chris.

Sweet, more educational material

This makes me wonder about having a digital interface between camera/goggle and vtx/vrx, but still analogue ota. Might cleanup the signal abit by reducing interference from the esc/fc. Analogue vtx with mipi in? Nudge nudge, TBS.

so awesome

this proofs im full blown stupid xD how amazing it would have been having these kind of knowledge taught at school ... about applying mathi this way... so amazing.. one day i will make money out of the hobby and support your patreon.. keep on doing this!! :D

Thanks for the informative video! One question, any solution/chipset (Camera -> VTX -> Receiver) out there that can allow 120fps or higher frame rate? Are there actually other industries improving this technology other than FPV community?

@Chris Rosser Thx you very much for this exciting video, i am looking fwd for this series. But should i fly my cams now in pal or ntsc mode?

So why it's not possible to increase resolution of analog signal? I mean why it can't look like digital?

The Ethix CCD Camera uses a CCD Global shutter

This is a cool video series! Also interesting to point out, that analog video is just digital video transmitted via an analog signal. Didn't know that the actual transmission is frequency modulated only, but I now understand why we got this black and white image in times. That's actually a nice built in failsafe! Could that CCD and global shutter thing actually be a reason, steele likes his ccd so much? I want to do an A+B test now :P

Nice video man. Is there anywhere that I can contact you regarding an issue I'm having with my latest analog setup?

Actually, 59.94 for NTSC if you really want to get down to it and 60 for PAL60!

I suggest show how to make a scrambler and descrambler for analog video

Another great video, Chris. I was wondering what the differences were between analog and digital, so it's great that you're starting this series. I have a PID question, unrelated to this video, that I hope you can answer: First, do higher kv motors have better PID handling/ are they easier to tune? My thinking is more power means the quad can respond to PID errors quicker. Second, if the previous is true, could (for example) having 1950kv motors with a throttle limit that mimics the feel of a 1750kv motor mean that a pilot could have the throttle feel that they would prefer while also having superior PID control? The reason I ask is I currently run a 2550kv motor with a motor output limit of 70%. But if I could raise that to 75% and have a throttle limit of 5%, I wonder if the quad would indeed fly better. I tested this myself, but frankly, I don't feel a difference. Perhaps there is a difference, but at my skill level, I can't tell. I don't have blackbox logging, so maybe you could see whether there truly is a difference or not. Looking forward to your response. Whether I'm right or wrong, it will be fascinating to hear what you have to say

can you suggest open source softwares to convert the analog signal into video? or what i need to learn to do so?

We can definitely send 1080i signals over a wire analog. Why did wireless analog transmission stop at 480p?

Very informative and educational video - thanks! When analogue FPV cameras are advertised as 800TVL or 1200TVL what does this really mean? Is it the initial (digital) image resolution supplied to the image processing chip and is more TVL necessarily better? I'm trying to understand the factors determining the final image resolution you see in your goggles.

I've been wondering. Are there any other protocols besides NTSC and PAL that would work well for us?

I know it is out of price for most of us but clearview have a hd system. Is it possible for you to reach them and add there system to this serie???

wouldn't the post de-interlacing be 30fps for NTSC and 25fps for PAL?

What is the difference between the analogue information that the ADC receives and the analogue video signal sent from ISP?

off topic but maybe you could make a video explaining how the IMU works in betaflight?

I don't understand why we cant have small, lightweight and economical digital standard definition

Just curious, why isn’t there an HD analog used in FPV then? If the latency of analog is say 15ms and NTSC/PAL is ~500p then you can send a ~1080p analog video in about double the time which would be comparable to DJI latency and a 720p video in barely any more time.

That was awesome! Thanks!!

I doubt analogue video in ntsc/pal in our goggles is only 30/25 fps. When I'm flying the frame rate looks silky smooth to me, and when watching back the dvr in goggles or on my computer, it is no longer so smooth, it becomes very choppy. On my pc the pal files have a frame rate of 25fps. So I assume in goggles while flying we are seeing a higher frame rate, 60/50 fps I assume. thanks for the video :)

how to make video 10 times shorter and in one episode: analog signal which is transferred through the air is a very complex signal, it has sinusoids which carry information about colours and brightness and impulses which carry information about frame and lines. Digital signal is just impulses with high frequency. Impulses are easy to synchronise on Rx and TX, but sinusoids are not available to synchronise. So when you have some obstacles the analog signal from tx reflects from them and Rx receives a great mess of sinusoids with high amplitude of main signal and a little bit lower amplitude signals from reflections which are out of phase with main signal (reflected signal is mainly inverted signal and that causes interference of sinusoid or a previous frame which came to the Rx at the same time with current frame but because it's had to move longer distance because of reflections than the main signal). So digital is better))