How Black Holes Spin Space Time
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If there’s one thing cooler than a black hole it’s a rotating black hole. Why? Because we can use them as futuristic power generators, galactic-scale bombs, and portals to other universes.
Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt O'Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber
End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: / @jrsschattenberg
Black holes are self-sustaining holes in the fabric of spacetime. Space at the event horizon cascades downwards, dragging more space behind it, sort of like how water drags itself near the edge of a waterfall. In a Kerr black hole, space above the event horizon is dragged around in a circle - so less waterfall and more whirlpool. Water spiraling down a drain in a flat sink doesn’t know about the hole - it only knows about the motion of the water around it. In fact it’s possible to construct a black hole in general relativity rotating or otherwise - without any mass. Warp spacetime so it looks like the exterior of a black hole, and that warping will persist. So what is rotating? Spacetime is rotating.
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@pbsspacetime 4 жыл бұрын
We mentioned this on the community tab, but we wanted to repeat our good news here: Space Time will be doing its very best to continue its regular weekly release schedule during Covid-19, though you might notice a slightly different look for some of the episodes in the coming weeks ;). We have set up our team up to work completely remotely so that everyone can stay safe and we can keep delivering high quality episodes for the long term. This is a challenging moment, but as our subscriber MrGonzonator wisely noted, all we need to get through this is Space and Time.
@tomasramirez4985 4 жыл бұрын
Be honest and tell people that Einstein, who wrote the theory which predicts black holes, died telling the world that black holes DO NOT EXIST, that they are mathematical errors cause by the incompleteness of his model. Mainstream physics takes Einstein's theory as TRUTH when Einstein himself said it was FULL of inconsistencies. Now, astrophysics love to use the word "black" or "dark" to name the things the current model fails to explain. Stop promoting failed theories as truth!
@osmosisjones4912 4 жыл бұрын
Has anyone tried to make nanoscopic wormholes . The Large Hydron Clolider all I heard were black holes but not about wormholes
@tomasramirez4985 4 жыл бұрын
And please restrain the comments like: "Oh, but we have a nice picture of a black hole. NO, my friends. There are NO "pictures" of the black hole from galaxy M87. Those are not pictures, that is only rendered data TURNED into pictures. Mainstream astrophysicists read that data basing themselves in the current model, which is (as Einstein said) full of inconsistencies. It is not a black hole, it is just a rendered guess based on a failed model.
@osmosisjones4912 4 жыл бұрын
What evidence do you expect to see if there's advanced civilians in space? . Maybe radiowaves have to much interference over light years then previously thought maybe to many messages insidernt language's makes things in deficerable
@h82fail 4 жыл бұрын
@@tomasramirez4985 I don't think anything I've watched on this channel or others hide the fact that Einstein himself didn't think they could exist? He called them black holes because the way they make a hole in space time and the fact that they don't themselves emit any light. The name makes perfect sense? Now we have dark matter. Its not named dark matter because its also something that shouldn't seem posible like a black hole. Its called dark matter because it is "matter" because it has mass, we can detect its influence, and again because we don't see it, hence dark. You make it sound like anything we can't explain is automatically called black or dark, when really its just all things that can't be seen. Would you rather it be called a transparent hole, and I can't see it matter or something?
@petedevriese 4 жыл бұрын
Inside the event horizon, this show is known as PBS TimeSpace.
@telnobynoyator_6183 4 жыл бұрын
Thats actually a really good pun
@flynnyoba6175 4 жыл бұрын
A Matt without a beard is just weird.
@sawyerguerrero1890 4 жыл бұрын
@@flynnyoba6175 he used to not have a beard, and it was weird
@impanthering 4 жыл бұрын
hilarious bro that was mad funny
@someguy3766 4 жыл бұрын
Sadly viewers within the event horizon are unable to leave comments, as not even KZfaq comments can escape a black hole.
@SeraphimKnight 4 жыл бұрын
When your spaceship is slowly falling into a black hole: PANIC! at the ISCO
@psychoedge 4 жыл бұрын
This is gold.
@lynniesaade4710 4 жыл бұрын
I came up with this joke independently as a chapter title in a draft of a sci-fi novel...though said chapter involved not a spaceship but a hostile star jostling another star that was orbiting at the ISCO of a supermassive black hole and threatening to cause it to fall in
@1224chrisng 4 жыл бұрын
" 'Panic! at the ISCO' by Fallout Boy" -by Panic! at the disco
@jaromchristensen5598 4 жыл бұрын
It’s comments like this that remind me why I brave the bleak world of KZfaq comments in the first place
@sebastianelytron8450 4 жыл бұрын
Once you're in the accretion disk be careful not to fall out, boy.
@MadScientist512 4 жыл бұрын
"Schwartzschild" is German for "Black Shield" and couldn't be more apt for the dicoverer of the Event Horizon.
@Cujo5 4 жыл бұрын
Wow. I wonder if he maybe changed his name to that or something. Probably not. That's an incredible coincidence. Or maybe he was heavily inspired by his name to achieve it lol.
@SimonClarkstone 4 жыл бұрын
I thought it was "black child"? Maybe not then.
@SuperLLL 4 жыл бұрын
@@SimonClarkstone I believe that would be 'Schwarzkind' 'schwarz' = black 'schild' = shield
@fabiankehrer3645 4 жыл бұрын
@@SuperLLL As someone with Germany as their mother tongue, i can confirm this.
@AngDavies 4 жыл бұрын
@Pronator Tendon to be fair, most people pronounce that name so poorly that it kind of does XD. My understanding is that it's supposed to be schwarzen-egger schwarzen all one word. (pronounced something like shvart-sun egger). There is also an equivalently offensive term to the n-word, that someone unfamiliar with the language will probably say accidentally when trying to say the German word for carrots...
@TS1336 4 жыл бұрын
Quarantine is less boring thanks to Space Time.
@NewMessage 4 жыл бұрын
There aren't enough 👍 in the observable universe for that statement.
@hooliganbubsy7298 4 жыл бұрын
Have you tried just not being sick? It's working for me just fine :P
@TS1336 4 жыл бұрын
@@hooliganbubsy7298 quarantine isn't for the sick, only.
@yourstruly4817 4 жыл бұрын
If you get close to a black hole, you can shorten the Pandemic from your POV. You can even skip it if you get too close.
@hooliganbubsy7298 4 жыл бұрын
@@TS1336 but if everyone tried it no one would be sick and there'd be no problem...
@genrichschulz2229 4 жыл бұрын
Matt, this message is addressed for you: If you wouldn’t join pbs space time, I would never know that such a marvelous professional like you exist. Thank you for your existence. It made me, one out of 7 billion people happy.
@Vrozkrokop 4 жыл бұрын
Seems like there is now 5 of us. Lets start a cult where we chant PBS! PBS! around a giant statue of Matt
@nyleen 4 жыл бұрын
@@Vrozkrokop I'm so down to join this cult. I'll bring the candles and incense.
@prateekgupta2408 3 жыл бұрын
Where do we assemble
@leviandhiro3596 2 жыл бұрын
Word dude. Most presenters are annoying (voice). Keep it up Matt and also the animations are awesome and the editing
@osdever 2 жыл бұрын
+1. I really hope PBS pays him an insane salary for this kinda quality material
@fnamelname9077 4 жыл бұрын
"Spacetime itself is now brought to you by Raid: Shadow Legends!"
@sidgar1 4 жыл бұрын
Raid: Stellar Legends coming soon! 😉
@tomasramirez4985 4 жыл бұрын
Spacetime doesn't tell you that Einstein, who wrote the theory which predicts black holes, died telling us that black holes DO NOT EXIST, that they are mathematical errors caused by the inconsistencies in his model. Google it. The problem is that mainstream physics took Einstein's theory as TRUTH when Einstein himself said it was FULL of inconsistencies. Now, astrophysics love to use the word "black" or "dark" to name the things the current model fails to explain. But they don't exist.
@saurabhstrauss 4 жыл бұрын
@@tomasramirez4985 What about the picture of Black hole? And what about bright big stars orbiting something dark and comparatively small object? What about other proofs seen by Telescopes? You have any other theory? If you do, please share with the world.
@tomasramirez4985 4 жыл бұрын
@@saurabhstrauss There are no "pictures" of the black hole from galaxy M87. Those are not pictures, that is only rendered data. Numbers turned into an image. Mainstream astrophysicists analyzed the data and based themselves in the current model, which is (as Einstein said) full of inconsistencies, to conclude that they were "seeing" a black hole. Fake news.
@blauesserpiroyal2887 4 жыл бұрын
@@saurabhstrauss just ignore him
@fabianjanen7099 4 жыл бұрын
A funny coincidence by the way is that the Schwarzsschild radius looks like a "black shield" around the singularity, which is exactly what "Schwarzschild" means in german :D
@Yora21 4 жыл бұрын
There are others, though I don't remember them right now. But Schwarzschild is the best. Super easy to remember for Germans.
@ObjectsInMotion 4 жыл бұрын
@The Truth of the Matter No that means Black Plough
@Yora21 4 жыл бұрын
@The Truth of the Matter That actually means Black Corner, like referencing the location of an old family farm.
@MrPhange 4 жыл бұрын
Black Hole: Infinite possibilities Humans: How much does it explode
@garrett6064 4 жыл бұрын
Literally loled
@StanTheObserver-lo8rx 4 жыл бұрын
It blowed up GOOD. Real good!
@a-blivvy-yus 4 жыл бұрын
Humans: How much does it explode? Black Hole: *Ý̸̴̢͠E͏̷̨́͡Ş̕͠*
@TheExoplanetsChannel 4 жыл бұрын
.
@thewarroirtaco 4 жыл бұрын
Same question I had actually, black hole mirror bomb? What I wouldn't give to test that lol
@XEinstein 4 жыл бұрын
I'm just amazed at how many times he said space-time without the show stopping!
@redbeam_ 3 жыл бұрын
😂😂😂😂
@generaltheory 3 жыл бұрын
Take a hit of DMT each time he says that
@pierfrancescopeperoni 3 жыл бұрын
Every time he says that word there is a chance that it stops and a chance that it doesn't stop. The duration episode depends on which branch of the multiverse you are. But in most branches we will never reach the actual end of an episode.
@ObjectsInMotion 4 жыл бұрын
*You spin me right round baby right round like a black hole baby frame drags space time*
@gunsandkithes6900 4 жыл бұрын
Whoa thats awesoooomeee!!!!!
@anam.caballerowilson9421 4 жыл бұрын
Like Britney Spears Oops did it again baby one more time.
@tomasramirez4985 4 жыл бұрын
Actually, black holes don't exist. Einstein, owner of the theory which predicts black holes, died telling the world that black holes do not exist, that they are mathematical errors caused by the inconsistencies in his model. Google it. The problem is that mainstream physics took Einstein's theory as TRUTH when Einstein himself said it was full of inconsistencies. Now, astrophysics love to use the word "black" or "dark" to name the things the current model fails to explain. They don't exist.
@dogcarman 4 жыл бұрын
Tomas Ramirez Just because you say it multiple times doesn't make it true. Einstein made a lot of mistakes, he was human after all...
@tomasramirez4985 4 жыл бұрын
@@dogcarman Einstein made mistakes and, one of them, was making the people believe that black holes existed through his incomplete theory. He even accepted that mistake when he was alive and he did it throughout his life. Einstein has been probably the most brilliant mind when it came to understand Gravity. Give him some slack on this.
@Leodw14 4 жыл бұрын
Hey, this is how Brand was able to escape the Black Hole’s pull in Interstellar, by leaving Cooper at the right time!
@alwaysdisputin9930 2 жыл бұрын
Yeah I thought so but then someone said it was just a gravity slingshot like e.g. that star that slingshots round Sagittarius A* at the centre of our galaxy. Like that star must be a long way away from the supermassive black hole? So I dunno.
@richardbraakman7469 4 жыл бұрын
"Let's get close to a Kerr black hole" Um, let's... not?
@1873Winchester 4 жыл бұрын
How else are you gonna escape the photino birds?
@mr702s 4 жыл бұрын
#YOLO
@tomasramirez4985 4 жыл бұрын
Um... Black holes don't exist, so don't worry, getting close to fantasy is no danger at all.
@jameswood5357 4 жыл бұрын
@@tomasramirez4985 obvious troll is obvious
@robinsuj 4 жыл бұрын
@The Truth of the Matter We have also used them as lenses, and have been doing so for decades
@ryantwombly720 4 жыл бұрын
Me fourteen minutes ago: “Black holes are strange, but I get the gist.” Me now: “Faster than light pumpkin! Ahhhhhhh!”
@robinwallace7097 4 жыл бұрын
Sounds like you visited your past! :)
@amgclark 4 жыл бұрын
"[...] galactic scale bombs [...]" April 2020: 🤫
@hellfire66683 4 жыл бұрын
That got my attention too
@AlphaFoxDelta 4 жыл бұрын
🤣🤣🤣
@Einyen 4 жыл бұрын
@@hellfire66683 You also read it as "galactic scale boobs"?
@hellfire66683 4 жыл бұрын
@@Einyen no, I saw bombs, I worked with explosives in the military
@jessfucket 2 ай бұрын
smashing pumpkins
@lezhilo772 4 жыл бұрын
"The spherical symmetry of the Schwarchild solution eliminated a lot of the complexity." That's still a lot of complexity remaining though :|
@-danR 4 жыл бұрын
I like how that PBS clown is able to cut out all the high-falutin bafflegab and dumb down the science and math to a mere 4th-year Astrophysics student's understanding. Otherwise we 90% wouldn't have a clue.
@sup2069 4 жыл бұрын
As complex as the complete digit of pi?
@siquod 4 жыл бұрын
It's the complexity difference between an ordinary differential equation and a partial differential equation. That's a huge complexity difference.
@lonestarr1490 4 жыл бұрын
As Grant from 3Blue1Brown once put it: Mathematics has the tendency to reward you if you respect its symmetries.
@arnabbiswasalsodeep 4 жыл бұрын
"what is rotating? Spacetime is rotating" "hmm yes, I call it the orientation lock/autorotation for my phone"
@tomasramirez4985 4 жыл бұрын
Not really, because black holes don't exist. Einstein, author of the theory which predicts black holes, died telling the world that black holes do not exist, that they are mathematical errors caused by the incompleteness of his model. The problem is that mainstream physics took Einstein's theory as TRUTH when Einstein himself said it was full of inconsistencies. Now, astrophysics love to use the word "black" or "dark" to name the things the current model fails to explain. They don't exist.
@Nikolasz1173 4 жыл бұрын
@@tomasramirez4985 Bruh
@Cashman9111 4 жыл бұрын
@@tomasramirez4985 wtf is with this idiot bot ?
@tomasramirez4985 4 жыл бұрын
@@Cashman9111 Sorry, your dad is not here. Read my comment and, if you brain allows you, come up with an argument.
@blauesserpiroyal2887 4 жыл бұрын
@@tomasramirez4985 you know that we recently made a picture of a real black hole?
@DanielZorroF 4 жыл бұрын
Time ago there was a movie “Your name”, in this movie they talk about some Shoemaker and some limit, I understanded like there is a Shoemaker radius about mases orbiting and later-on I ear about it was related to black holes. The time pass and then you talked about this, I re-watch the movie to find the misunderstandings, it was Shoemaker’s Levy 9 and Roche Limit. In the end, thanks to you, now I know about the Schwarzschild radius, Roche Limit and the Shoemaker levy comet… So Thanks!!!
@jangxx 4 жыл бұрын
That's not the "Your Name" I watched :D Wasn't it about a meteorite impact and body-swapping?
@mvmlego1212 4 жыл бұрын
@@jangxx -- I'm with you. Maybe the movie included some bizarre explanation for the body swapping that involved co-opting astrophysics, but I don't remember it.
@valasfar1557 3 ай бұрын
@@mvmlego1212No it was just something some astronomer guy in the news was talking about when they were theorizing how the comet could’ve broken up. They were comparing the situation to Shoemaker Levy (comet that broke up near Jupiter and its shards plummeted into its atmosphere) and how the comet wasn’t close enough to the Roche Limit for Earth so it must’ve broken up some other way.
@RSHastingsIV 4 жыл бұрын
As fun as theorizing parallel worlds was, it's nice to get back to something relatively more tangible like my childhood favorite black holes. Really looking forward to the next episode. Thanks for keeping on keeping on, SpaceTime.
@fvckyoutubescensorshipandt2718 4 жыл бұрын
I'm single and sitting at my PC naked. Does that mean I'm a naked singularity?
@Vwcz 4 жыл бұрын
2021: Disney offers amusement park rides through the ergo sphere. Guaranteed to energize you for the rest of the day while you enjoy some of the other rides!
@garrett6064 4 жыл бұрын
Director of NASA: Who wants to test Kerr's Innermost Stable Circular Orbit? Me: *steps backwards*
@pressaltf4forfreevbucks179 4 жыл бұрын
I'd be in bro😂😂😂
@garrett6064 4 жыл бұрын
@@pressaltf4forfreevbucks179 hahaha
@HaikatrineKat 4 жыл бұрын
5:54 I physically felt the motion.
@noisefarm 4 жыл бұрын
Most informative micro lecture on black holes ever!
@0dWHOHWb0 4 жыл бұрын
Finally, been waiting for a video on this
@MK-13337 4 жыл бұрын
In a black hole, ending up in the singularity is as inevitable as next tuesday
@anant_singh 4 жыл бұрын
All this shows that no matter how worse the matters are, but "KNOWLEDGE" knows no bounds and keeps on spreading !!! And ................ Thanks to Dr. Matt O'Dowd and the whole team of PBS Space Time for making informative videos even in this Quarantine condition.
@victorbruant389 4 жыл бұрын
That's a good trick!
@onemadscientist7305 4 жыл бұрын
I have a bad feeling about this.
@Raptor302 4 жыл бұрын
Scientists: You can use a blackhole to build a bomb. America: Oh? Scientists: I mean, nevermind. Continue ignoring us.
@jacobm5167 4 жыл бұрын
America and every other country with the capability.
@igorastral4816 4 жыл бұрын
The government:. 'takin notes...
@The268170 4 жыл бұрын
I am American and can confirm I'd really like to surround a black hole with mirrors now. Does it just take out the surrounding area or can we shoot it somewhere first? Eat this Andromeda! Pew pew!
@The268170 4 жыл бұрын
Negative, sir. I'm quite sure that America is the only country that ignores scientists.
@TheExoplanetsChannel 4 жыл бұрын
.
@samfisher9630 4 жыл бұрын
Spin me right round baby right roud
@SquirrelASMR 4 жыл бұрын
Meatspin
@PlanetXMysteries-pj9nm 6 ай бұрын
I was born with many difficulties in my life. Although I am not fully educated, I have a strong love for science and the universe. Thank you for bringing it to me. Love you
@informationparadox387 4 жыл бұрын
Intensely trying to understand Kerr Black holes,INSTANTLY Thank you to World of warships for suporting PBS!
@lebronzejames 4 жыл бұрын
This one sounds like an Issac Arthur video baha. I always wondered what Matt's take on some of his topics would sound like XD
@FloppsEB 4 жыл бұрын
"sort of like how water drags itself near the edge of a waterfall" - isn't this a good analogy for all fields? if so, do other fields display instances of frame-dragging? can i use any of this to slow down the reaction times of potential enemies in world of warships?
@shijin8918 4 жыл бұрын
*How many black hole videos do you want?* PBS ST: *Yesssss*
@jureculic9737 4 жыл бұрын
Never thought I would see WoW sponsor PBS spacetime
@TA-ve7ze 4 жыл бұрын
This looks to be a fantastic series! Wish you guys could release daily
@rjwelsinga 4 жыл бұрын
Remarkable how a region of Spacetime can rotate faster than light, makes one wonder how the parts of spacetime actually communicate with each other...
@jonathanalpart7812 Жыл бұрын
“hey how are ya”
@ExpandDong420 6 ай бұрын
Any parts that interact with them are also trapped in the gravity well and would also be moving just as fast so probably about how you'd expect
@rjwelsinga 6 ай бұрын
@@ExpandDong420 i meant: how can parts of spacetime communicate their postions to each other faster than light? How does spacetime regulate itself / manage itself anyway?
@Dtx479 4 жыл бұрын
After the video form Kurzgesagt about the Black Hole bomb and Black Hole Civilizations, I waited nearly two years for this video from PBS Space Time to come up! Thanks PBS Space time :D
@rayzorrayzor9000 3 жыл бұрын
Note : if you understand the maths it’s not actually hard as Matt describes, what he really means is that it takes a lot of time to complete and the longer it takes you to do it then the more chance there is of making a mistake, so you really need two or three people working on the same maths problem so you can all agree on the sums and limit the err to zero , this ofcourse takes more time so in reality hard just means time consuming .
@MegaRabbitPower 4 жыл бұрын
"General relativity is hard." You don't say.
@Ender240sxS13 4 жыл бұрын
@The Truth of the Matter While true you would need an insanely precise clock to observe any actual change on that kind of scale, it would likely take a time scale on the order of a few hundred thousand years to even get a drift of a single second. We have to use highly precise atomic clocks to detect the difference between ground and orbit, and those differences are only in the thousandths of a second.
@Ender240sxS13 4 жыл бұрын
@The Truth of the Matter Yeah and not that many people have lab grade picosecond precise clocks.... much less two of them
@justuseodysee7348 4 жыл бұрын
Difficulty is relative, you know...
@Ender240sxS13 4 жыл бұрын
@The Truth of the Matter all I'm saying is measuring time dilation due to a gravitational field isn't really "a little experiment you can do with someone you know" lol
@Ender240sxS13 4 жыл бұрын
@XY ZW are you trying to suggest time measurements would have a discrepancy due to pressure???? Please, please elaborate as that is not one I've heard before.
@Farb_dk 4 жыл бұрын
Kerr metric: massive algebraic mess Kerr Newmann metric: hold my geodesic path Edit: At a 3r distance of the black hole you can have a stable orbit Radiation from the acrescion disk moving at a high percentage of C: I’m ‘bout to end this man whole career
@pressaltf4forfreevbucks179 4 жыл бұрын
Wow the edit is more gold than the original😂😂😂
@seventyfive7597 4 жыл бұрын
Steve Kerr Metric: Give Steph the ball
@paulmitchell4876 4 жыл бұрын
I loved the phrase "The algebra was diabolical" lol
@MoogDoog 4 жыл бұрын
Thanks to World of Warships for allowing you to place the ad at the end - and not requiring it to be 4 minutes long, too
@95Geli 4 жыл бұрын
7:27 safe = technically possible to survive according to physics
@photinodecay 4 жыл бұрын
Technically possible to _escape_. Survival is dependent on the forces your body is subjected to, which are a different story...
@Catatomica 4 жыл бұрын
9:11 this little maneuver's gonna cost us 51 years!
@richardbraakman7469 4 жыл бұрын
That movie was so bad
@Yuli_Ban 3 жыл бұрын
I like to imagine spacetime as this ethereal superfluid, so black holes causing it to spin makes sense to me.
@nathanielmathews2617 3 жыл бұрын
I picture it as etheral god's tears. The expansion is as he watches Americans and COVID.
@pierreabbat6157 4 жыл бұрын
The Kerrvature of spacetime around a black hole
@advaitavedanta6295 4 жыл бұрын
What?
@VaradMahashabde 4 жыл бұрын
World of Warships : Yeah people who solve stress-energy tensors will totally like our product
@mrboatface4023 4 жыл бұрын
NEW BATTLESHIP USS CHARLESTON
@migkillerphantom 4 жыл бұрын
You ever met any physics students? Gaming is not something only 12 year olds do.
@MaximQuantum 4 жыл бұрын
Every time he says something about spacetime stretching, rotating, oscillating or changing. Me: *sigh* and here we go again, lost in the video. The point of no return.
@butHomeisNowhere___ 3 жыл бұрын
the event horizon of your knowledge? 😋
@deathscreton 4 жыл бұрын
This is one of the many episodes I've been waiting for.
@magnusvir8 4 жыл бұрын
yay, finally another science channel talked about black hole engines and black hole bombs!
@Master_Therion 4 жыл бұрын
When I eat spaghetti I twirl my fork around the noodles. A black hole's spin is just how it eats spaghettified matter.
@tomasramirez4985 4 жыл бұрын
Wrong, because black holes don't exist. Einstein, who wrote the theory which predicts black holes, died saying to the world that black holes DO NOT exist, that they are mathematical errors caused by the inconsistencies in his model. Google it. The problem is that physics took Einstein's theory as TRUTH when Einstein himself said it was FULL of inconsistencies. Now, astrophysics love to use the word "black" or "dark" to name the things the current model fails to explain. But they don't exist.
@carloguerrero6583 4 жыл бұрын
Nice
@christofer184 4 жыл бұрын
If angular momentum is preserved, then shouldn't every stellar black hole rotate due to the rotation of it's parent star? Are there black holes that don't rotate? If there are not, why the non-spinning black hole is a solution of the Einstein field equations? Great video as always btw.
@alvelindell6093 4 жыл бұрын
Its possible to have a black hole that dosen't rotate but it's so unlikley that it's virtually impossible due to the rotation of the star that created it.
@MushookieMan 4 жыл бұрын
Even if there weren't any non-rotating stars in the universe, the material ejected from the supernova could theoretically carry the same angular momentum as the star. Then the black hole would have none. Besides, there could be a natural process where a black hole prefers to lose any angular momentum. But, a physical theory like GR just predicts what is possible, not what actually occurs in nature.
@Nosirrbro 4 жыл бұрын
In an infinite universe one might expect there to exist a non rotating black hole but the number of variables required to cancel out there would be staggering
@D3w10n 3 жыл бұрын
@7:28 That freaking astronomical "safely" with quotation marks xD
@NameNotAlreadyTaken2 4 жыл бұрын
Finally, a video on rotating black holes! I hope to see more.
@oalfodr 4 жыл бұрын
Beyond the Event Horizon Beyond the lights of the stars A place of eternal freedom The void where all illusions die
@jekoddragon6227 4 жыл бұрын
Nothing escapes, not even light Beyond the mystical horizon We surrender to its might Gazing into the eye of the universe Feed me light, I'm the halo of darkness Feel my might, I'm the eye of the universe
@jolez_4869 4 жыл бұрын
What is this poem?
@jekoddragon6227 4 жыл бұрын
@@jolez_4869 it's a song "Into the Black Hole" by Ayreon and Dusan's is a song "Beyond the Horizon" by Dissection
@oalfodr 4 жыл бұрын
@Sjd567 Gj57 Well, it depends what you want to be freed from.
@paulmichaelfreedman8334 4 жыл бұрын
So black holes were first understood by someone called "Schwarzschild" or "Blackshield". What's in a name.
@Meninx87 4 жыл бұрын
Now that's actually an awesome coincidence!
@TheReaverOfDarkness 4 жыл бұрын
Someone should compile a list of accidentally-fitting names. Off the top of my head I have Thomas Crapper, toilet salesman.
@MrAranton 4 жыл бұрын
@@TheReaverOfDarkness In Germany there are several authors and journalists (granted some of them dead by now) who were named "Schreiber" which means "writer".
@voxelfusion9894 4 жыл бұрын
@@MrAranton That trade must've run in the family.
@MrAranton 4 жыл бұрын
@@voxelfusion9894 I don't think all those authors and journalists named Schreiber are related. The name is relatively common in Germany after all.
@kagannasuhbeyoglu 4 жыл бұрын
Very informative and fantastic KZfaq channel. Thank you so much PBS👍
@ManishPatel-qy5dd 4 жыл бұрын
Really impressive explanation with those diagrams . I always had struggled to learn about kerr blackhole from the book by Sean M. Carroll . This was helpful.
@NewMessage 4 жыл бұрын
Dead Or Alive is gonna show up in all our recommended lists now.
@uoppsdnsu4266 4 жыл бұрын
I’ve never been this early, although maybe I have in a different world
@dishwashermadman 4 жыл бұрын
Lockdown due to coronavirus?
@AlphaFoxDelta 4 жыл бұрын
You've been the first for every video and Matt has called you out by name and you are known to us all as SpaceSheep in another world. Cool meeting this version of you, baah bro.
@uoppsdnsu4266 4 жыл бұрын
Bazinga !!! Ya
@johnb4314 4 жыл бұрын
That was a great explanation of very complex material. Thanks.
@doggedout 4 жыл бұрын
Of all of your videos I have watched - this may have been the first one I could actually follow and understand all the way through. More of that.
@factsheet4930 4 жыл бұрын
So is the ergo sphere just an intense amount of frame dragging caused by a massive compact object? Does the earth, or possibly more realistically do neutron stars have something akin to the ergo sphere? As a side note I also should add that its been theorised that quickly rotating super massive neutron stars might spontaneously form a black hole as they slow down over time due to random drag and star quakes, therefore it wouldn't make much sense that only at the moment of collapse would an ergo sphere form instantly without any prolonged process following it.
@danieljensen2626 4 жыл бұрын
I don't think your reasoning is necessarily correct. Even if a neutron star slows down gradually and thus has gradually increasing density, the instant it hits the critical density limit it becomes a black hole and it was not a black hole at all at any point before that. (Although it's possible that the critical density is only reached in a small region first and the rest then collapses into that region.) So there is already a sharp transition from neutron star to black hole, I don't see any reason to believe the ergosphere can't just appear during that transition.
@RedRocket4000 4 жыл бұрын
you can infer from Mats report on the proof of Earth's frame dragging by a satellite designed to detect it as the Earth frame dragging exists but is tiny thus no intense frame dragging.
@factsheet4930 4 жыл бұрын
@@RedRocket4000 You are right, intense though is relative, technically anything with mass has it, but earths is large enough to be detectable
@danieljensen2626 4 жыл бұрын
@@factsheet4930 Why would the temperature of the neutron star need to drop to zero to become a black hole? Temperature isn't a conserved quantity or even really a fundamental one, it's really just a statement about what thermodynamic states are occupied by a system in equilibrium. There are lots of processes that have no well defined temperature because they aren't at equilibrium, in fact it's generally hard to define a temperature during any explosion, so a neutron star collapsing into a black hole is certainly has no defined temperature. But to your original point, sure maybe it takes some finite amount of time for the neutron star to collapse into the black hole. There's no reason the ergo sphere can't form in that same period of time. Certainly the event horizon does. That doesn't suggest that neutron stars should have an ergosphere.
@factsheet4930 4 жыл бұрын
@@kylelochlann5053 Thank you very much for clearing it up!
@pressaltf4forfreevbucks179 4 жыл бұрын
Who's that Kerr guy? I kinda like his theories.
@Only1INDRAJIT 4 жыл бұрын
Anything involving black holes make quarantine seem a child's play. What a video...cant wait for those more hyper speculative cutting edge space-time vids featuring actual or theoretical predictions of black hole
@imi9894 4 жыл бұрын
Love these black hole videos. Great work!
@isamohammed1107 4 жыл бұрын
Does time travel specifically going back in time theoretically mean reversing universal expansion thus making the theory of time travel impossible and vice versa going forward in time increasing universal expansion. Can general relativity justify the possibility of the manipulation of universal expansion of space time or has it already been confirmed by Astro and quantum physicists. P.S. I love this show in all the possibilities that exist within my light cone.😎
@Michael18599 4 жыл бұрын
Huh, an entire video and no mention of Covid-19? I didn't know they made these anymore.
@felixcj87 4 жыл бұрын
My mind has been blownd
@digiryde 4 жыл бұрын
lol - Your description of the game at the end is far more appealing than the advertisements the game has everywhere else.
@TheRABIDdude 4 жыл бұрын
1:35 It was mean of you to use the word spin here. Angular momentum would've been kinder. Now people are going to think that black holes have the same properties as fundamental particles.
@farazbhat9832 4 жыл бұрын
That was what I had started thinking😂
@cs6626 4 жыл бұрын
World of Warships devs - shouldn't you have made the the PBS Space Time free ship the USS Eldridge?
@SolaceEasy 4 жыл бұрын
No - The Enterprise!
@SolaceEasy 4 жыл бұрын
No, the Enterprise.
@xS27x 4 жыл бұрын
I would've settled for at least them clarifying the charleston is a cruiser not a battleship lol
@andreicostache4438 4 жыл бұрын
Great to actually find out more about black holes! Thank you!
@robertnewhart3547 2 жыл бұрын
I love the crohn's banner just beneath the dominos ad.
@Felix-fv9eo 4 жыл бұрын
Maybe the big bang is but a consequence of having a perfectly defined "everything" in the singularity that gave birth to our universe. According to the uncertainty principle, a perfectly defined position or momentum at a single "instant" results of a superposition of an infinite different combination of both position and momentum that extend infinitely in spacetime (it exists everywhere and at all times). The accelerated expansion of our universe is therefore due to space itself having a perfectly defined position and momentum at the singularity, so as we sort of "experience" the version of the universe's wave function we are in, it will most likely evolve to one of the most probable microstates that translate into the singularity as a macrostate. In other words, dark matter and dark energy could be considered fundamental properties since nothing really causes them, they are just there and probably with a different set of values (as well as any other fundamental property) in a different "path" of the universes wave function. Just a thought tho
@TheseEyesSeeDarknessClearly 4 жыл бұрын
How much does the Event Horizon Telescope cost? I'd like to buy it for my home 😉
@JETWTF 4 жыл бұрын
When doing the ad at the end of the video I almost expected a detailed explanation on all that affects a ships maneuverability. Which would be a fascinating video.
@lidiasuvorova6664 4 жыл бұрын
Thank you for sharing your knowledge
@Lemon_Planter 4 жыл бұрын
I've heard that charged black holes have a region inside the event horizon that might see "normal" to anyone falling in. Do rotating black holes have similar wonky-ness hiding beneath their surfaces?
@chiragpatil2052 4 жыл бұрын
Oh man... the next spacetime video will be interesting for you when he talks about the Kerr interior region. If you want a preview, google "falling into a kerr black hole" and read up on the madore link. He has a bunch of simulations "visually" showing the wonkiness of the math. Depending on the orbital characteristics when entering the black hole, you'll get one-way and two-way wormholes to antiuniverses, parallel universes, and unreachable universes, as well as a closed timelike curve on a special orbit (you travel a finite distance of space in an infinitely-small time). Keep in mind though, this isn't reality. Like we don't know what happens inside a black hole, but the math of the Kerr solution is a kind of bandaid to resolve some issues with the Schwarzschild solution. In the real world it isn't Interstellar, you'd probably meet the same vaporization fate as any other black hole if you were to fall in.
@Deipnosophist_the_Gastronomer 4 жыл бұрын
Not a good solution for social distancing, then.
@Lemon_Planter 4 жыл бұрын
@@chiragpatil2052 Incredible, this is exactly what I was hoping for. I love how much of our understanding of the insides of black holes is just "idk, tell me how quantum gravity works first ¯\_(ツ)_/¯"
@sawyerguerrero1890 4 жыл бұрын
so... black holes are donuts
@taylormcfarland3623 Ай бұрын
No, donuts are black holes, they were here first
@si.ari.06 Ай бұрын
@@taylormcfarland3623hats off to the geniuses that came up with the doughnut, so creative of them to demonstrate the geometry of a ringularity through foodstuffs
@MrDinoboy1 3 жыл бұрын
This was freaking AWESOME!
@sagadiablo 4 жыл бұрын
Feels good to have the intro audio levelled with the rest an episode or two in a row
@Speak_Out_and_Remove_All_Doubt 4 жыл бұрын
How/why can charge 'escape' a black hole to be felt from outside of the event horizon?
@trogdorstrngbd 4 жыл бұрын
It's not as if the electric field lines are escaping from inside the event horizon; they start from the surface of the event horizon and go outward. The event horizon "keeps track" of all the charge that falls in and that it initially started with upon black hole formation.
@Speak_Out_and_Remove_All_Doubt 4 жыл бұрын
@@trogdorstrngbd Here's a question then if the charge is a result of an imprint on the event horizon: Lets say you have a black hole with a radius of 1 light year. At the start this BH has zero net charge. You have 100 'charge units' ready to through into the BH. If you measured the charge in normal space from 1ly away then you would measure a strength of 50 'charge units'. After throwing the 100 units into the BH what would the measured charge be at the event horizon? (bearing in mind the EH is 1ly away from where presumable the charge is after you put it into the black hole)
@trogdorstrngbd 4 жыл бұрын
@@Speak_Out_and_Remove_All_Doubt Where does the 50 come from? I'm going to ignore that for now and state that, from the outside universe's perspective, things falling into the black hole linger forever at the event horizon, so _I think_ the electric field you measure depends on where the charge hits the EH and where you (currently doing the measurements) are.
@mps2209 4 жыл бұрын
This year coronavirus is like Avengers Infinity War the villain wins, next year gonna be Endgame the heroes wins...
@Jwdude123 4 жыл бұрын
MpS shut up
@leoblack8497 4 жыл бұрын
@@Jwdude123take my upvote
@Swagaito_Gai 4 жыл бұрын
peepee poopoo
@MelindaGreen 4 жыл бұрын
This all has the ring of truth. Please, as much more on this specific topic as possible!
@bobbyt223 3 жыл бұрын
Black holes could soon in every direction and the vortex of space time would be insane
@sepnoro8769 4 жыл бұрын
CNN should replace their industrial-sized washing machine with this.
@terryboyer1342 4 жыл бұрын
One setting it has. Dirty filthy spin.
@Theballonist 4 жыл бұрын
Oh my gosh, I think I just got destroyed. Wow, it hurts soooo bad. I'm literally crying right now. The wit of this comment, how well it related to the subject of the video. Its so relevant.
@belstar1128 4 жыл бұрын
@Theballonist Are you cnn?
@Theballonist 4 жыл бұрын
The Truth of the Matter I am not okay
@jd3127 4 жыл бұрын
Humans ~ “Let’s turn a black hole into a galactic bomb.” Other intelligent species ~ “Please use the right coordinates for Oumuamua to strike Earth next time.”
@calebmauer1751 4 жыл бұрын
Oumuamua's come in three.
@WireWeHere 4 жыл бұрын
Black holes are great at keeping an Elves' annulus open beyond 38 minutes.
@octavianova1300 4 жыл бұрын
also, one interpretation about how stuff "inside" the black hole can influence stuff "outside" it, is that in all reference frames outside of the black hole's event horizon, nothing is actually on the other side of the event horizon, since everything approaching it appears to slow asymptotically forever in those reference frames. This implies everything contained within the black hole, is, from the perspective of the outside, essentially contained on the 2D surface of the event horizon, rather than "inside" it (even if, in the frame of things that fall into it, they do pass the event horizon in finite time), where its mass etc can still exert a causal influence on the exterior environment of the black hole.
@juancarlosp.f9519 4 жыл бұрын
Mass captured withing the event horizon influence matter on the outside you said?
@octavianova1300 4 жыл бұрын
@@juancarlosp.f9519 no, from the reference frame of the outside, nothing ever actually crosses the event the horizon. Such objects get infinitesimally closer and closer and more and more red-shifted, eventually becoming undetectable by every means except gravity, but it all still remains there. Only in those objects' own reference frames do they cross the event horizon, but that's of no consequence to all outside frames.
@anuraganand3874 4 жыл бұрын
*While world has forced me to go in quarantine till our Top Notch scientist find Cure For COVID 19* 😷😰 *Me: Watches about Blackholes thinking someday humans will decode everything thing about Blackholes, Dark Matter, Dark Energy etc* 😍 *God: Seems Pretty arrogant to me, considering the present situation you're in* 👻😂 *Me: cries in a corner of my room holding my Hand Sanitizer* 🤕🤧😭
@ben1147 4 жыл бұрын
God doesn’t exist.
@ronaldyang2295 4 жыл бұрын
I don't exist. Oh wai-
@tomasramirez4985 4 жыл бұрын
They don't, because black holes don't exist. Einstein, who wrote the theory which predicts black holes, died telling the world that black holes do not exist, that they are mathematical errors cause by the incompleteness of his model. The problem is that mainstream physics took Einstein's theory as TRUTH when Einstein himself said it was full of inconsistencies. Now, astrophysics love to use the word "black" or "dark" to name the things the current model fails to explain. The current model, due to its inconsistencies, can't explain 95% of what we observe in the universe.
@MorrisseyMuse 4 жыл бұрын
Then Hawking came along and proved they do exist. Lordy, we've even 'seen' them! Stop this nonsense lol
@65MaX73 4 жыл бұрын
This whole paragraph LMAO
@gunsandkithes6900 4 жыл бұрын
yes umm........We got a picture of it so....
@tomasramirez4985 4 жыл бұрын
Please restrain to send me "pictures" of the black hole from galaxy M87. Those are not pictures, that is only rendered data which mainstream astrophysicists read basing themselves in the current model, which is (as Einstein said) full of inconsistencies.
@unknownfury7672 4 жыл бұрын
Tomas Ramirez there is credence to what you say as Einstein did say that if Black Holes exist there has to be something that is the exact opposite to it, ie White Holes, which theoretically “spit out” matter but haven’t been found yet
@mr702s 4 жыл бұрын
Oh man... I am hungry for more episodes on this topic!!
@yoavzack 4 жыл бұрын
Thanks! Really need to know this for my course!
@annakeye 4 жыл бұрын
Woo-hoo! First time I've ever heard you mention *Roy Kerr* but maybe I just missed it before. The man is a veritable genius and son of the city I reside in, Christchurch NZ. Rutherford medallist and kick-arse bridge player, it's great to hear the Kerr Metric/Kerr Black hole referenced. Okay, Kerr fan-girl out.
@pi1392 3 жыл бұрын
Aahhh, you had me at portals. I just love this channel. Thanks Mat!
@tonysouter8095 4 жыл бұрын
Love those en dashes. There must be a real editor on the team.
@wailer27 4 жыл бұрын
Oh thanks yeah that's me!
@Dr10Jeeps 4 жыл бұрын
Fascinating. I love these talks.
Go Gizmo!
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