At the time of his birth in 1530, the world of Ivan Vasiliyevich the Great Knez was a world better known to travelers from Italy, the Holy Romano-Germanic Empire and the Balkans and the Middle East, once the lands of the Roman Empire but now under Ottoman rule, but still somewhat foreign and mysterious to Western Europeans. Until the Mongol invasion of 1238-1242, the Orthodox Christian Slavo-Scandinavian princes in Russia maintained relations with the kings of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Poland, Bagdan, Hungary and France, as well as with the Holy Roman-Germanic Emperor, and a series of inter-court marriages took place between them and these countries during the same period. The Mongol invasion profoundly affected the natural development process of medieval or Kievan Rus'. However, there is no consensus among experts on the spheres of influence and the nature of this blow. When the Mongol invasion took place, only thirty-eight years had passed since Constantinople fell to the Latin Crusaders in 1204. Moreover, this Latin invasion was a major blow for Orthodox Rus, who until 1296 had to follow the instructions of Nicaea in church governance because the ecclesiastical leadership had fallen into the hands of the schismatics. The Mongol invasion also destroyed what was left of Kievan Rus.
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