Kerala had massive cyclones and floods which had drowned so many areas.. there are areas where water went back to seas and backwaters. My area Nadakavu was under the backwater and came into existence when the water went away. So it's a common thing. Maybe taking areas and gifting or putting the areas back are natural processes in this region that might be happening once in a millennia. ASI should wake up, recruit and train people and stand up from their chairs to do what they are supposed to do

💥 17050 💥 a1 🧡 Palki Sharma Upadhyay 🧡 Tigress of India Palki Sharma Upadhyay: (?) RU the 'Real Palki~', 'will the Real Palki~ please standUp' (?) Y iz there an imposter (FAKE 'Palki~') on Y-O-U-R show - - - I DownThumb'd ALL the 'FAKE Palki~' show'z! we want : "Tigress of India" merch~ Yachid Yada Meir Zara @ Rosquin Empire: Umm El Madayan

Palki Sharma please come back to Vantage 🥺

Flood

@@dreamsjorlymn2364 I second that

Tamil history to be specific. They are Cheras , Tamil Kingdom

why not just Indian

@@KV0105 Muziris was in Kerala anyway everything is in Bharath india

Yes why not? But as a Malaysian Tamil, we are constantly reminded how black and disgusting we are They deride us every single day.Findings like this make us feel proud. North and South should unite. Must!!

@@KV0105 well. Looks like we have a separatist here. Saddening.

Is she popular in America?

Bugger off Larry, she is all mine 😂🤣😜

That's true❤

She has celebrity status too in India,as far as business is concerned the anchors who bring views,bring business and are paid well if they have the ability to negotiate with the owners management I think she is able to do that

She lacks basic knowledge, doesn't realise the importance of Swej canal built in 19 th century,

Thanks to North Indian rulers who stopped the foreign invasion from destroying our history

When you say south not only them but chalukyas, kadambas, satavahanas and rashtrakutas., also ruled.

@@jhansirani5281 but only the Tamil Kings had sea trade.

1:55 If Cheras aced maritime trade as the commentator says, why was the pepper trade in Arab hands?i

​@@jhansirani5281 true according to some people only tamilnadu and Kerala are south India

Me too. Love from India❤

It was not India then. India is a relatively modern construct. You won't call Roman Empire as Italy isn't it?

​@@suseeln who told you?

Between Roman Empire and ancient Tamils to be precise..

@@suseeln because the borders of Rome and Italy are different but the borders of Bharath and India are kind of same. And the idea of Rome and Italy are different but the idea of Bharat and India are same

I am from Kerala too - Trivandrum - so great to hear of our awesome history :-)

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

I'm literally from Kodungallur.

Wtf

Vantage vintage advantage palki sharma.

Seems like your a die-hard FAN 🌀 of her's , why not become something better wch is an A-ir C-onditioner ❄️😊

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

​@@Nithin90 I can feel the richness of knowledge you gained about our MUZIRIS..👍👍

Sir, The port-cities and towns of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra in Sanskrit) such as 'Tyndis, Kalaikarias, Bramagara etc' including 'Muziris' up to Komari (i.e Kanyakumari in Sanskrit) as mentioned by the Foreign travelers cannot be satisfactorily identified with current names in Kerala unlike the Indian cities as mentioned by the Foreign travelers such as 'Modura (Madurai) in Tamil Nadu (i.e Madhura in Sanskrit), or Souppara (Sopara) in Maharashtra (i.e Surparaka in Sanskrit), or Barygaza (Bharuch) in Gujarat (i.e Bhrigukaccha in Sanskrit) etc' but that doesn't mean that a catastrophic flood had destroyed Kerala ports & reshaped Kerala geography in the past unlike elsewhere in India. The sovereign of Kerala (Malabar) was titled as ‘Keralaputhra’ in Sanskrit since the 3rd Century B.C therefore the south Indian invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc have also referred to the Kerala (Malabar) kings as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit until the 12th century C.E in Indian history. The Invaders from Tamil Nadu such as the Chola king in his Sanskrit inscription has stated that "he had crossed the sahya mountains (western ghats) and destroyed the Kerala king and his country (Kerala) protected by the chief of the Brigus (i.e Lord Parashurama - Ex. "Jithva Kerala Bhupathim Brigupatheschithva Thapo Rakshitham Prithvim") which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history. For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E) It was the tradition among the Hindus of Kerala that a legendary king titled as 'Cheraman Perumal, Cheraman Thampuran, Cheraman Ramavarma etc' of the Kerala (Malabar) tradition aka 'Vira Kerala Chakravarthi' had once divided his possessions between Gokarnam and Kanyakumari as well as his 'Sceptre (chenkol), Crown (mudi), Sword (val) etc' among his nephews and sons of the Kerala-Country (i.e Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc) as consisting of 'Kolathiri of Kolathunadu, Eralathiri of Eranadu, Venathiri of Venadu etc' and ascended up to heaven unlike the tradition current among the 'Muslims, Christians etc' of Kerala (Malabar) history. For Example: Diego de Couto (16th Century) - "It is the tradition among the Christians of Malabar (Kerala) that a 'Xarao Perimal' (Cheraman Perumal) of Cranganore (Kodungallur) was so very well affected to them and that through them he was converted to Christianity and persuaded to go to Meliapor (Mylapore in Tamil Nadu)" The term 'Chera, Cheraman etc' in the folk-songs of Kerala are denoting the Kerala (Malabar) kings of 'Kodungallur' aka Mahodayapuram (Thiruvanchikulam) referred to as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit since pre-portuguese period who gave the Christians, Muslims, Jews etc a place to trade and live in Kerala and not any mythological 'Sera' kings of the local Tamil Nadu literary works or the fictional 'Chera Perumal' of the 18th century 'Keralolpathi' literary work etc.

Sir, The term 'Makkothai, Vanchi, Musiri, Karuvur, Kodunkolur etc' in the Tamil Nadu literary works and inscriptions until the 12th Century C.E are denoting the Capital of the Kerala (Malabar) king known as 'Mahodayapuram or Thiruvanchikulam or Kodungalloor' etc in the Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E. The Dravidian languages of Malayalam, Tamil, Tulu, Kannada, Telugu etc including the Tribal Languages (ex. Irula, Kurumba etc) as consisting of common/similar words are all emerging from a Proto-Dravidian language meaning an undocumented common spoken language in pre-history as attested by all linguists today hence there are places with common names in Kerala and Tamil Nadu even today (ex. Thondi, Musiri, Vanchi, Karuvur, etc) thus it doesn't mean that the places of Kerala or 'Keralaputhra' referred to as 'Tyndis, Muziris, Karoura etc' by the travelers in the past were referring to the settlement of the people of Tamil Nadu or ‘Tamilans’ referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history including Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E but the people of Kerala referred to as ‘Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history. Joao Maria Campori - 1604 A.D - "The greater part of these Christians believe that they have descended from those whom St. Thomas baptized at Mylapore (Tamil Nadu), and who later on, migrated over to the Malabar coast (Kerala)." - There are several articles on the web regarding how Communists and Christians such as Istvan Perczel, a Hungarian scholar of Early Christianity as invited by the Kerala Council for Historical Research (KCHR) are trying to attach an insignificant place known as 'Pattanam' in Kerala with no historical references as the 'Muziris' of the 1st Century C.E to create spurious evidence of the arrival of the Apostle St. Thomas in India. For Example: "The effort by a section of historians to establish Pattanam as Muziris is to impose the belief on us that St.Thomas, one of the apostles of Jesus Christ, was the one who led the first settlement in Pattanam." - R. Nagaswamy (the former director of Tamil Nadu Archaeology) The land as bounded by the Malayadri mountains (western ghats) to the East and the Ocean to the West is known as the 'Malayalam Country' or 'Keralam' in all of known Indian history as For Example, the 11th century Sanskrit Poet Bilhana in his work refers to several kingdoms as having surrendered to the King Vikrama (1076 - 1126 C.E) of Karnataka including Konkana (konkan region), Alupa (tulu region), Chola, Pandya etc whereas the poet Bilhana mentions that the Elephants of the King Vikrama as having stirred the sandalwood trees on the Malaya Mountains (western ghats) in his conquest of Kerala. For Example: “Abhajyantha gajaisthasya leelayaa malayaadhruma samam Kerala….” - Vikramankadevacharitha - Kavi Bilhana (11th Century C.E) The land of 'Kerala or Keralajanapadha or Keralaputhra' in Indian history since the 3rd Century B.C referred to as Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc in Kerala history after the Sanskrit word 'Malaya' as denoting the western ghats did not consist of any region east of the Ghats or the region of Tamil Nadu once referred to as 'Kongu-Nadu, Pandi-Nadu, Chola-Nadu etc' in Indian history until the 12th Century C.E or thereafter in Kerala (Malabar) history.

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and similarly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

The port-cities and towns of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra in Sanskrit) such as 'Tyndis, Kalaikarias, Bramagara etc' including 'Muziris' up to Komari (i.e Kanyakumari in Sanskrit) as mentioned by the Foreign travelers cannot be satisfactorily identified with current names in Kerala unlike the Indian cities as mentioned by the Foreign travelers such as 'Modura (Madurai) in Tamil Nadu (i.e Madhura in Sanskrit), or Souppara (Sopara) in Maharashtra (i.e Surparaka in Sanskrit), or Barygaza (Bharuch) in Gujarat (i.e Bhrigukaccha in Sanskrit) etc' but that doesn't mean that a catastrophic flood had destroyed Kerala ports & reshaped Kerala geography in the past unlike elsewhere in India. The sovereign of Kerala (Malabar) was titled as ‘Keralaputhra’ in Sanskrit since the 3rd Century B.C therefore the south Indian invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc have also referred to the Kerala (Malabar) kings as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit until the 12th century C.E in Indian history. The Invaders from Tamil Nadu such as the Chola king in his Sanskrit inscription has stated that "he had crossed the sahya mountains (western ghats) and destroyed the Kerala king and his country (Kerala) protected by the chief of the Brigus (i.e Lord Parashurama - Ex. "Jithva Kerala Bhupathim Brigupatheschithva Thapo Rakshitham Prithvim") which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history. For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E) It was the tradition among the Hindus of Kerala that a legendary king titled as 'Cheraman Perumal, Cheraman Thampuran, Cheraman Ramavarma etc' of the Kerala (Malabar) tradition aka 'Vira Kerala Chakravarthi' had once divided his possessions between Gokarnam and Kanyakumari as well as his 'Sceptre (chenkol), Crown (mudi), Sword (val) etc' among his nephews and sons of the Kerala-Country (i.e Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc) as consisting of 'Kolathiri of Kolathunadu, Eralathiri of Eranadu, Venathiri of Venadu etc' and ascended up to heaven unlike the tradition current among the 'Muslims, Christians etc' of Kerala (Malabar) history. For Example: Diego de Couto (16th Century) - "It is the tradition among the Christians of Malabar (Kerala) that a 'Xarao Perimal' (Cheraman Perumal) of Cranganore (Kodungallur) was so very well affected to them and that through them he was converted to Christianity and persuaded to go to Meliapor (Mylapore in Tamil Nadu)" The term 'Chera, Cheraman etc' in the folk-songs of Kerala are denoting the Kerala (Malabar) kings of 'Kodungallur' aka Mahodayapuram (Thiruvanchikulam) referred to as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit since pre-portuguese period who gave the Christians, Muslims, Jews etc a place to trade and live in Kerala and not any mythological 'Sera' kings of the local Tamil Nadu literary works or the fictional 'Chera Perumal' of the 18th century 'Keralolpathi' literary work etc.

Sir, The term 'Makkothai, Vanchi, Musiri, Karuvur, Kodunkolur etc' in the Tamil Nadu literary works and inscriptions until the 12th Century C.E are denoting the Capital of the Kerala (Malabar) king known as 'Mahodayapuram or Thiruvanchikulam or Kodungalloor' etc in the Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E. The Dravidian languages of Malayalam, Tamil, Tulu, Kannada, Telugu etc including the Tribal Languages (ex. Irula, Kurumba etc) as consisting of common/similar words are all emerging from a Proto-Dravidian language meaning an undocumented common spoken language in pre-history as attested by all linguists today hence there are places with common names in Kerala and Tamil Nadu even today (ex. Thondi, Musiri, Vanchi, Karuvur, etc) thus it doesn't mean that the places of Kerala or 'Keralaputhra' referred to as 'Tyndis, Muziris, Karoura etc' by the travelers in the past were referring to the settlement of the people of Tamil Nadu or ‘Tamilans’ referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history including Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E but the people of Kerala referred to as ‘Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history. Joao Maria Campori - 1604 A.D - "The greater part of these Christians believe that they have descended from those whom St. Thomas baptized at Mylapore (Tamil Nadu), and who later on, migrated over to the Malabar coast (Kerala)." - There are several articles on the web regarding how Communists and Christians such as Istvan Perczel, a Hungarian scholar of Early Christianity as invited by the Kerala Council for Historical Research (KCHR) are trying to attach an insignificant place known as 'Pattanam' in Kerala with no historical references as the 'Muziris' of the 1st Century C.E to create spurious evidence of the arrival of the Apostle St. Thomas in India. For Example: "The effort by a section of historians to establish Pattanam as Muziris is to impose the belief on us that St.Thomas, one of the apostles of Jesus Christ, was the one who led the first settlement in Pattanam." - R. Nagaswamy (the former director of Tamil Nadu Archaeology) The land as bounded by the Malayadri mountains (western ghats) to the East and the Ocean to the West is known as the 'Malayalam Country' or 'Keralam' in all of known Indian history as For Example, the 11th century Sanskrit Poet Bilhana in his work refers to several kingdoms as having surrendered to the King Vikrama (1076 - 1126 C.E) of Karnataka including Konkana (konkan region), Alupa (tulu region), Chola, Pandya etc whereas the poet Bilhana mentions that the Elephants of the King Vikrama as having stirred the sandalwood trees on the Malaya Mountains (western ghats) in his conquest of Kerala. For Example: “Abhajyantha gajaisthasya leelayaa malayaadhruma samam Kerala….” - Vikramankadevacharitha - Kavi Bilhana (11th Century C.E) The land of 'Kerala or Keralajanapadha or Keralaputhra' in Indian history since the 3rd Century B.C referred to as Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc in Kerala history after the Sanskrit word 'Malaya' as denoting the western ghats did not consist of any region east of the Ghats or the region of Tamil Nadu once referred to as 'Kongu-Nadu, Pandi-Nadu, Chola-Nadu etc' in Indian history until the 12th Century C.E or thereafter in Kerala (Malabar) history.

Floods happened in 1341

Sir, The port-city of 'Kodungallur' was the great emporium of maritime trade since the 1st Century C.E referred to as 'Muziris, Magodayar-Pattanam, Cynkali etc' in the historical accounts until the 14th Century C.E which the natives and refugees including Jews have exalted in their own literary works and folklores in Kerala (Malabar) history. The foreign travelers have recorded various folklores of Kerala (Malabar) in history including the various folklores of 'Cheraman Perumal' or the origin of 'Kollam Era' etc and similarly, the 18th Century folktale as recorded by the Traveler 'Paolino da San Bartolomeo' that the 'Puthuvaippu Era' of Malabar (Kerala) beginning at 1341 C.E was the formation of the group of Islands from out of the sea is disproven by the Elamkunnapuzha Temple records which refers to its construction as 'Kali Era' chronogram 'Visvesasaktimaya' or 1185 C.E.

Can u also say what Muzaris mean? Is it a Malayalam word or Latin name?

Excellent info. Thank you.

@@Nithin90 stupid 🙄 your are just using Ai to look smart with your long comment 🙄

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and similarly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

The port-cities and towns of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra in Sanskrit) such as 'Tyndis, Kalaikarias, Bramagara etc' including 'Muziris' up to Komari (i.e Kanyakumari in Sanskrit) as mentioned by the Foreign travelers cannot be satisfactorily identified with current names in Kerala unlike the Indian cities as mentioned by the Foreign travelers such as 'Modura (Madurai) in Tamil Nadu (i.e Madhura in Sanskrit), or Souppara (Sopara) in Maharashtra (i.e Surparaka in Sanskrit), or Barygaza (Bharuch) in Gujarat (i.e Bhrigukaccha in Sanskrit) etc' but that doesn't mean that a catastrophic flood had destroyed Kerala ports & reshaped Kerala geography in the past unlike elsewhere in India. The sovereign of Kerala (Malabar) was titled as ‘Keralaputhra’ in Sanskrit since the 3rd Century B.C therefore the south Indian invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc have also referred to the Kerala (Malabar) kings as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit until the 12th century C.E in Indian history. The Invaders from Tamil Nadu such as the Chola king in his Sanskrit inscription has stated that "he had crossed the sahya mountains (western ghats) and destroyed the Kerala king and his country (Kerala) protected by the chief of the Brigus (i.e Lord Parashurama - Ex. "Jithva Kerala Bhupathim Brigupatheschithva Thapo Rakshitham Prithvim") which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history. For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E) It was the tradition among the Hindus of Kerala that a legendary king titled as 'Cheraman Perumal, Cheraman Thampuran, Cheraman Ramavarma etc' of the Kerala (Malabar) tradition aka 'Vira Kerala Chakravarthi' had once divided his possessions between Gokarnam and Kanyakumari as well as his 'Sceptre (chenkol), Crown (mudi), Sword (val) etc' among his nephews and sons of the Kerala-Country (i.e Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc) as consisting of 'Kolathiri of Kolathunadu, Eralathiri of Eranadu, Venathiri of Venadu etc' and ascended up to heaven unlike the tradition current among the 'Muslims, Christians etc' of Kerala (Malabar) history. For Example: Diego de Couto (16th Century) - "It is the tradition among the Christians of Malabar (Kerala) that a 'Xarao Perimal' (Cheraman Perumal) of Cranganore (Kodungallur) was so very well affected to them and that through them he was converted to Christianity and persuaded to go to Meliapor (Mylapore in Tamil Nadu)" The term 'Chera, Cheraman etc' in the folk-songs of Kerala are denoting the Kerala (Malabar) kings of 'Kodungallur' aka Mahodayapuram (Thiruvanchikulam) referred to as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit since pre-portuguese period who gave the Christians, Muslims, Jews etc a place to trade and live in Kerala and not any mythological 'Sera' kings of the local Tamil Nadu literary works or the fictional 'Chera Perumal' of the 18th century 'Keralolpathi' literary work etc.

I agree 👍💯😊

Almost all ancient discoveries in India seems to have been analysed from the Western lenses without a thought to the culture of India & a thorough study of its ancient practices . Roman's had community baths that the English are familiar with . So when in Mohenjo-daro, a big water holding facility was discovered by the English , it was called the Great Bath - so called community bath area . Whereas since ancient times India has had different practices for water harvesting & storing . Remnants of these practices can be seen till date as well as structures from a later period that supported such practices still exist.

@@altmosetz_01 I agree 👍 💯

The inscriptions found in Mohenjodaro Harappa and Indus valley are similar to Thamizhi , ancient Tamil script.

@@sheelasundaram784 right 👍

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

​@@Nithin90I think you are a sangi 😂

Sir, Kerala was one of the 7 janapadas (kingdoms) of Bharata (i.e Indian subcontinent) along with Tulanga (tulu region), Konkana (konkan region) etc that were collectively known as the 'Parashurama Kshetra' (i.e creation of parashurama) and Kerala was one of the 3 janapadas (kingdoms) of Dravidadesha (dravida region) meaning the southernmost region of Bharata (Indian subcontinent) along with Pandya Kingdom and Chola Kingdom as according to the Sanskrit scripture's (i.e Puranas) since known history. : The land of 'Kerala or Keralajanapadha or Keralaputhra' in Indian history since the 3rd Century B.C to 12th Century C.E referred to as Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc in Kerala history after the Sanskrit word 'Malaya' as denoting the western ghats did not consist of any region east of the Ghats or the region of Tamil Nadu once referred to as 'Kongu-Nadu, Pandi-Nadu, Chola-Nadu etc' in Indian history hence the 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of Keralaputhra as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala. : The kings of Kerala are referred to as belonging to the Keralakula (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) in the Oldest Sanskrit works of Kerala as the sovereign of Kerala was titled as ‘Keralaputhra’ in Sanskrit since the 3rd Century B.C and similarly Yakshan Keralan, Godha Keralan, Kerala Narayanan, Keralan Srikumaran etc are the various other personal names of Keralites as present in the Oldest Inscriptions of Kerala in Old Malayalam since the 9th century C.E as the Kerala-Country and its capital was under the dominion of the Naaduvaazhikal (i.e vallabhapattanam king, mahodhayapattanam king, kolambhapattanam king etc) as attested by native records and foreign travelers including Al-Biruni since the 11th century C.E : For Example: "Malabar (i.e Malayalam Country) is a great province lying towards the west 'of the province of Bandi (i.e Pandya)' and the people here have a language of their own and a king of their own and pay tribute to nobody." - Marco Polo (13th century C.E). : It is accepted by Tamil Nadu scholars that the Sanskrit term 'Chola' was written as 'SoRa' in the various Tamil inscriptions of the Chola-Dynasty and similarly, the 'Kerala' kings were referred to as 'SeRa' in the inscriptions of the Invaders from Tamil Nadu until the 12th century C.E as the term 'Sera or Seralan' in Tamil is the transliteration of 'Kerala' in Sanskrit whereas the term 'Pandi or Pandiyan' in Tamil is the transliteration of 'Pandya' in Sanskrit as the term 'Sora or Soran' in Tamil is the transliteration of 'Chola' in Sanskrit hence the land of Kerala was referred to as Cheraman-Nadu, Cheraman-Loka, Chera-Bhumi etc in Kerala records itself. : For Example: "...sarvam eve anupashyata tathaiva Andhran cha Pundran cha Cholan, Pandyan, Keralan." - Valmiki Ramayanam - Kishkindha Kanda : The 7th century to 12th century inscriptions of Tamil Nadu refers to multiple Pandya kings and Chola kings as having invaded the region of “Malainadu or Kerala” and the Tamil Nadu king Raja Raja Chola (985 C.E -1014 C.E) in his inscriptions on the conquest of Kerala claims that his army invaded the country which was the Creation Of Parashurama (Kerala) and plundered the town of Vizhinjam, Kollam, Kodungallur etc which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history. : The ancient European travelers of the 1st and 2nd century C.E have referred to the geographical region of North India or the land between Himalaya mountains and Vindhya mountains as 'Ariaca' after the Sanskrit word 'Aryaka' (i.e Aryadesha) whereas they referred to the geographical region of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra) as 'Damirica' after the Sanskrit word 'Dramidaka' (i.e Dramidadesha) meaning the southernmost region of Bharata (i.e Indian subcontinent) hence the Oldest literary works and inscriptions of Kerala itself refers to the geographical region of Kerala as 'Dramida' in which the city of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayarpattanam in Old Malayalam) or Thiruvanchikulam (i.e Srianjanakhalam in Sanskrit) or Muyirikodu (muziris) in Old Malayalam as situated on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Mahanadhi, Choorni etc in Sanskrit) was the capital of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha' in Sanskrit or 'Cherabhumishvara' in Malayalam (i.e Keralabhasha). : For Example: "Keralaanaam dramida shabdhavaachythvaad apabhramshena tadbhaasha tamizh ithyuchyathe" - Lilathilakam - Meaning - "The language of Kerala is known as Tamizh in the vernacular through the phonetic modification of the word Dramida." : The term 'Tamizhakam' in the Tamil grammar Tolkapiyam itself is the transliteration of 'Dramidaka' in Sanskrit and not denoting a single culture or language or kingdom or history but a common geographical region as consisting of KL and TN thereby the author has recognised 12 regional dialects in which 5 dialects are pertaining to Kerala and 7 dialects are pertaining to Tamil Nadu just as the Tamil grammar Nannul of the 13th century hence the Kerala records have also differentiated the language of Dramida (i.e Tamizh) into Pandyabhasha (pandi language), Cholabhasha (chola language) and Keralabhasha (malayalam language) in history. : The inscriptions of Kerala as dated between the 9th century C.E and 12th Century C.E is referred to as 'Old Malayalam' by linguists because the inscriptions of Kerala as dated between the 13th century C.E and 16th century C.E shows linguistic continuity with minimal differences hence it is termed as 'Middle Malayalam' by linguists.Malayalam language (i.e Keralabhasha) is just as old and classical as any other Dravidian languages including Tamil hence the phonology and vocabulary of Keralites to this very day are found in the Oldest mythological literary works and inscriptions of Tamil Nadu (ex. njan, njandu, thudangi, pettu, aliyan, achan etc) as the grammatical principles of Malayalam language (i.e Keralabhasha) was contrasting from the ‘Tamizh’ of the inhabitants of Tamil Nadu due to the phonological and morphological differences between the regional languages of the East and West of the Ghats mountain ranges since known history. (Ex. Njan in Malayalam is Nan in Tamil) : The terms 'Tamizh, Naazhi, Pazham, Pavizham, Makizham etc' in Old Malayalam are all derived from the Sanskrit words 'Dramida, Naadi, Phala, Pravala, Makula etc' as such phonetic modifications or transliterations of Sanskrit words are present in all the Dravidian languages since known literary history and similarly, the terms 'Ketala, Choda, Pada' etc in the Ashoka Edicts of the 3rd Century B.C in Prakrit language are the transliterations of the Sanskrit word 'Kerala, Chola, Pandya' etc as attested by all linguists today. : The terms Cherakon (i.e Keralakularaaja in Sanskrit), Kunnalakon (i.e Shailabdhishvara in Sanskrit), Valluvakon (i.e Vallabhakshoni in Sanskrit), Piraamanar (i.e Brahmana in Sanskrit) etc as found in Old Malayalam and Middle Malayalam inscriptions and literary works are NOT denoting the people of Tamil Nadu or 'Tamilans' irrespective of caste referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history but the people of Kerala referred to as 'Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history. : For Example: The kings of Kerala were referred to as 'Malayala Thiruvadi' in the inscription of South India as dated to the 13th Century C.E while the kings of Tamil Nadu were referred to as Pandya and Chola in the same inscription of the Kakatiya Dynasty of South India because the people of Tamil Nadu now known as 'Tamilans' were referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history including Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E while the people of Kerala including the Kings were referred to as 'Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history. : The region of modern Tamil Nadu as consisting of dharmapuri, salem, coimbatore etc as comprising of an earlier independent territorial unit known as ‘Kongu-Nadu’ were under their local chieftains referred to as 'Adiya or Adiyaman' until the 12th Century C.E in Indian history whereas it is the land of Kerala as comprising of the independent territorial unit known as ‘Malayalam’ or 'Malabar' who were under the local chieftains referred to as ‘Chera or Cheraman’ until the 12th century C.E in Indian history and thereafter. : For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E) : The Dravidian languages of Malayalam, Tamil, Tulu, Kannada, Telugu etc including the Tribal Languages (ex. Irula, Kurumba etc) as consisting of common/similar words are all emerging from a Proto-Dravidian language meaning an undocumented common spoken language in pre-history as attested by all linguists today hence there are places with common names in Kerala and Tamil Nadu even today (ex. Thondi, Musiri etc) thus it doesn't mean that the places of Kerala or 'Keralaputhra' referred to as Tyndis, Muziris etc by the travelers in the past were referring to the settlement of the people of Tamil Nadu or ‘Tamilans’ referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history including Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E but the people of Kerala referred to as ‘Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history.

Don't Cook up Stories

@@pattamadaiksivaswami9454 it's the fact

@@pattamadaiksivaswami9454 Ugly Dark Tamils cook up story saying that Kerala is Tamil .

The name signifies it all, Pattanam in Malayalam literally means a big city. (All big cities in Kerala were referred to as Pattanam, after the busy metropolitan city of Pattanam of the yesteryears. Moreover the capital of the Chera Dynasty (ruled present day Tamilnadu and Kerala) was at Mahodayapuram / Thiruvanchikulam, present day Kodugallur just near the present day hamlet of Pattanam. The presiding deity of the Kodugallur temple is Badhra Kali and She is often referred to as Kannaki of the classical Tamil text of Chilapadikaram. It is interesting to note that first ever Mosque in the entire Indian Subcontinent, dedicated to Cheraman Perumal (Chera King) is situated at Kodugallur near Pattanam.

The first muziris port was in gujarat.

Nothing you will find in Kerala unlike TN.

King Phirus of Macedon had a special sword which cut thru armor. Two of these swords were brought from somewhere and he purchased one at a very high price. The writer did not say where that sword came from. Perhaps it came from India.

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

@@arjunraj823 Please don't support the dishonest historians sir. The kings of Kerala are referred to as 'Kerala, Keralaputhra, Keraladhinatha, Keralakularaja, Keralavarma etc' in all of known Indian history including Kerala literary works. The south Indian invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc have referred to the Kerala (Malabar) kings as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit until the 12th century C.E in Indian history as it is the Malayali kings alone in the historical accounts of Kerala since the 9th Century C.E as consisting of the chieftain Kolathiri of Kolathunadu, Kurumpiyathiri of Kurumpranadu, Eralathiri of Eranadu, Vellathiri of Valluvanadu, Onathiri of Odanadu, Venathiri of Venadu etc who were the rulers of Kerala (Malabar) until the 18th Century C.E in Kerala history. : For Example: The 15th century inscription of Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu refers to the Kerala king 'Jayasimha Deva' of Kollam (i.e Kolambhapuri in Sanskrit) as the 'Crowned Monarch' of the 'Chera Lineage' in Matrilineal succession whereas the 16th century inscription of Chidambaram in Tamil Nadu refers to the Kerala king 'Ramavarma Maharaja' of Thiruvanchikulam (i.e Srianjanakhalam in Sanskrit) as the 'Royal Descent' of the mythological king 'Seraman Perumal Nayanar' in Matrilineal succession hence even the foreign traveler Ibn battuta in the 14th Century C.E have also stated that "In Malabar (Kerala), the Kings transmit their sovereignty only to their sisters Son". : The origin of Marumakkathayam (i.e Mathruparamparya in Sanskrit) or the matrilineal inheritance is attributed to the mandate of 'Parashurama' in an epoch known as 'Treta Yuga' in the Kerala tradition thereby as per the traditional Kerala history, a King of Kerala or 'Cheraman' known as 'Ramavarma' had once ruled the entire land from Gokarnam to Kanyakumari after Lord Parashurama in an epoch known as 'KalI Yuga' and he divided the land among the nobles and his throne among his nephew (i.e mahodhayapattanam king) and his crown among his son (i.e kolambhapattanam king) with Kodungallur (i.e thiruvanchikulam) and Kollam (i.e thenvanchi) as their capital within the Kerala-Kingdom (i.e Keraladesha) hence even the foreign traveler Friar Jordanus in the 14th Century have also stated that “In this India (Kerala) never do even the sons of great kings or nobles inherit the goods of their parents, but only the sons of their sisters" : Duarte Barbosa (1480-1521) - “In this land of Malabar (Kerala) from cumbla (kasaragod district) to cape comorin (kanyakumari district), all men use one tongue only which they call Maliama” (i.e Malayalam) : The literary works as found from tamil nadu and sri lanka now called as 'sangam literature's' by modern scholars which refers to the kings and regions of Kerala (i.e sera) are not historical documents but a collection of Hindu, Jain and Buddhist mythology as written in Tamil language between 8th century C.E and 13th century C.E. (ex. pattitrupattu, purananuru, agananuru, silapathikaram, manimegalai etc) as per several historians whereas the oldest Kannada literature is dated to the 9th century C.E , and the oldest Telugu literature is dated to the 11th century C.E, and the oldest Malayalam literature is dated to the 12th century C.E : For Example: 'Ilango Adikal' was the brother of 'Senguttuvan', who is said to have became angry without an enemy worthy to fight and besieged the sea with his spear and their father was 'Nedumseralathan', who is said to have conquered all of India until the Himalayas (i.e Imayamalai) and his father 'Uthiyanseralathan' is said to have fed the armies in the Mahabharata war from Kuttanadu in Kerala (i.e sera nadu in tamil). : There existed no 'illango adikal, senguttuvan, nedumserlaathan, uthiyanseralaathan etc' in Kerala history or Indian history during the period of Ptolemy, Pliny or Ashoka's time when the sovereign of Kerala was titled as 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit. (Ex.Kerobothros by Ptolemy or Keprobotros by the author of the Periplus or Kaelobothras in Pliny's text or Ketalaputho in the Ashoka Edicts of 3rd century B.C). : The terms ''sangam chera' and 'second chera' are made up by historians to create an 'historical time period' for the occurrence of the mythological events and kings as relating to the hindu, jain, buddhist mythology of Tamil Nadu hence the Kerala Kings such as 'Rama Rajashekharan' and 'Sthanu Ravi Kulashekharan' in Kerala History are falsely assumed to be the 'Seraman perumal nayanar', a Hindu shaivite king and 'Kulashekhara Azhwar', a Hindu vaishnavite king' of Hindu mythology in Tamil. (i.e divya prabandham, periyapuranam) : For Example: In the traditional Hindu mythology, The Chera aka Kerala king 'Maharaja Kulashekhara' was born in Kerala to 'Maharaja Dridhavratha' more than 5000 years ago when the territory as ruled by the Chera aka Kerala king covered the largest portion of Dravidadesha (dravida region) including vast regions of modern Tamil Nadu once referred to as 'Kongu-Nadu, Pandi-Nadu, Chola-Nadu etc' in Indian history. : The literary works of tamil nadu now called as 'sangam literature's' by modern scholars as found written in a mixture of Tamil script, Grantha script and Telugu script which refers to the kings and regions of Kerala (i.e sera-nadu in tamil) and numerous other chieftains of the mountainous tracts and elsewhere in Tamil Nadu region such as Andiran, Nandan, Pekan, Nalli, Ori, Kari etc are not historical documents or historical figures but a collection of Hindu, Jain and Buddhist mythology of Tamil Nadu as written in Tamil language between 8th century C.E and 13th century C.E. (ex. pattitrupattu, purananuru, agananuru, silapathikaram, manimegalai etc) as per several historians whereas the oldest Kannada literature is dated to the 9th century C.E , and the oldest Telugu literature is dated to the 11th century C.E, and the oldest Malayalam literature is dated to the 12th century C.E. : For Example: The characters of 'Kannagi and Kovalan' in the Jain prequel 'Silapathikaram' and the Buddhist sequel 'Manimegalai' of Tamil Nadu is 'Kanyavu and Balakan' in the native Old Malayalam ballad of Kerala known as 'Thottam Paattu' in which 'Kanyavu' killed the Pandian king and burned down Madurai and Lord Shiva established her abode at Thiruvanchikulam (i.e Kodungallur) in the Kerala tradition. : The Jain prequel 'Silapathikaram' and the Buddhist sequel 'Manimegalai' of Tamil Nadu are abounded in the references to Brahmanas, Vedic Yajnas and even the art forms of Kerala as present to this very day but the story and the pseudonym or the characters of Ilango adikal, Kannagi, Kovalan, Senguttuvan, Nedumchezhiyan etc are neither historical figures nor historical documents but fictional characters of the traditional mythology of Tamil Nadu and not part of Kerala tradition. The Dravidian languages of Malayalam, Tamil, Tulu, Kannada, Telugu etc including the Tribal Languages (ex. Irula, Kurumba etc) are all emerging from a Proto-Dravidian language meaning an undocumented common spoken language in pre-history as attested by all linguists today.

​@@Nithin90 😂😂😂😂

It was not India. It was Chera Empire.

The rise of Deccan Sultanate in Southern India is an interesting read. As well as the slaves that were brought to South India & who became very powerful in India . In the medieval period or even earlier slaves were commonly brought to India mainly from Abyssinia, Africa . Many were also brought from areas that now are known as Middle East, Turkey, Iran . Malik Ambar was one such slave who became very powerful. Qasim Barid of Bidar which was part of the Deccan Sultanate was a slave from Turkey.

​@@suseelnPoisonous Left everywhere! You must continue to think that you're unconquerable like Ravana so that inevitable can happen.

@@dhirajgupta7435 Gobar right everwhere. You think, you can fool people like Asaram Bapu or Bhalesh Dhandkar by showing of patriotism?

@@suseeln remember what happened to tamilians in Sri Lanka due to this separatist mindset

YES but PROACTIVELY.. Like the Chinese we should have our own propaganda machine secretly funded by the government. It's hard to do clandestine operations from a Democratic Government. Balochistan tried to join with India. Gilgit trying to rejoin India. We must make big noise about these things.

Agree

Agree/Disagree Agree because it will be a perfect reply for Turkey. Disagree because it will tarnish the friendly relations with Iraq, Syria and most importantly, Iran.

Also arm YPG and Peshmarga to deal with Erdogan.

@@bpi8940 These countries also support the Kashmir issue through OIC. Don't they tarnish their relations with India ? Thus they must know that their issues can also be brought up ! But Iraq, Syria have different attitude toward their Kurds. In Iraq, Kurds have greater autonomy.

I don't like her as a news anchor because of her bias but I do respect her ability to explain history.

​@@theawesomeman9821 or maybe you're biased and you dont want to hear the other side or that particular news

​@@archit2894to which side she is bias?

@@archit2894 of course I am bias. I am bias against degrading propoganda.

Pallippuram 🙋

Kodungallur 🙋‍♂

Sir, The 18th Century folk-tale as recorded by the Traveler 'Paolino da San Bartolomeo' that the 'Puthuvaippu Era' of Malabar (Kerala) beginning at 1341 C.E was the formation of the group of Islands from out of the sea is disproven by the Elamkunnapuzha Temple records which refers to its construction as 'Kali Era' chronogram 'Visvesasaktimaya' or 1185 C.E. The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

purampakam onnu kuzhichu nokku bhagyamundel swarnam kittaam

The port-cities and towns of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra in Sanskrit) such as 'Tyndis, Kalaikarias, Bramagara etc' including 'Muziris' up to Komari (i.e Kanyakumari in Sanskrit) as mentioned by the Foreign travelers cannot be satisfactorily identified with current names in Kerala unlike the Indian cities as mentioned by the Foreign travelers such as 'Modura (Madurai) in Tamil Nadu (i.e Madhura in Sanskrit), or Souppara (Sopara) in Maharashtra (i.e Surparaka in Sanskrit), or Barygaza (Bharuch) in Gujarat (i.e Bhrigukaccha in Sanskrit) etc' but that doesn't mean that a catastrophic flood had destroyed Kerala ports & reshaped Kerala geography in the past unlike elsewhere in India. The sovereign of Kerala (Malabar) was titled as ‘Keralaputhra’ in Sanskrit since the 3rd Century B.C therefore the south Indian invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc have also referred to the Kerala (Malabar) kings as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit until the 12th century C.E in Indian history. The Invaders from Tamil Nadu such as the Chola king in his Sanskrit inscription has stated that "he had crossed the sahya mountains (western ghats) and destroyed the Kerala king and his country (Kerala) protected by the chief of the Brigus (i.e Lord Parashurama - Ex. "Jithva Kerala Bhupathim Brigupatheschithva Thapo Rakshitham Prithvim") which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history. For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E) It was the tradition among the Hindus of Kerala that a legendary king titled as 'Cheraman Perumal, Cheraman Thampuran, Cheraman Ramavarma etc' of the Kerala (Malabar) tradition aka 'Vira Kerala Chakravarthi' had once divided his possessions between Gokarnam and Kanyakumari as well as his 'Sceptre (chenkol), Crown (mudi), Sword (val) etc' among his nephews and sons of the Kerala-Country (i.e Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc) as consisting of 'Kolathiri of Kolathunadu, Eralathiri of Eranadu, Venathiri of Venadu etc' and ascended up to heaven unlike the tradition current among the 'Muslims, Christians etc' of Kerala (Malabar) history. For Example: Diego de Couto (16th Century) - "It is the tradition among the Christians of Malabar (Kerala) that a 'Xarao Perimal' (Cheraman Perumal) of Cranganore (Kodungallur) was so very well affected to them and that through them he was converted to Christianity and persuaded to go to Meliapor (Mylapore in Tamil Nadu)" The term 'Chera, Cheraman etc' in the folk-songs of Kerala are denoting the Kerala (Malabar) kings of 'Kodungallur' aka Mahodayapuram (Thiruvanchikulam) referred to as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit since pre-portuguese period who gave the Christians, Muslims, Jews etc a place to trade and live in Kerala and not any mythological 'Sera' kings of the local Tamil Nadu literary works or the fictional 'Chera Perumal' of the 18th century 'Keralolpathi' literary work etc.

The port-cities and towns of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra in Sanskrit) such as 'Tyndis, Kalaikarias, Bramagara etc' including 'Muziris' up to Komari (i.e Kanyakumari in Sanskrit) as mentioned by the Foreign travelers cannot be satisfactorily identified with current names in Kerala unlike the Indian cities as mentioned by the Foreign travelers such as 'Modura (Madurai) in Tamil Nadu (i.e Madhura in Sanskrit), or Souppara (Sopara) in Maharashtra (i.e Surparaka in Sanskrit), or Barygaza (Bharuch) in Gujarat (i.e Bhrigukaccha in Sanskrit) etc' but that doesn't mean that a catastrophic flood had destroyed Kerala ports & reshaped Kerala geography in the past unlike elsewhere in India. Joao Maria Campori - 1604 A.D - "The greater part of these Christians believe that they have descended from those whom St. Thomas baptized at Mylapore (Tamil Nadu), and who later on, migrated over to the Malabar coast (Kerala)." There are several articles on the web regarding how Communists and Christians such as Istvan Perczel, a Hungarian scholar of Early Christianity as invited by the Kerala Council for Historical Research (KCHR) are trying to attach an insignificant place known as 'Pattanam' in Kerala with no historical references as the 'Muziris' of the 1st Century C.E to create spurious evidence of the arrival of the Apostle St. Thomas in India. For Example: "The effort by a section of historians to establish Pattanam as Muziris is to impose the belief on us that St.Thomas, one of the apostles of Jesus Christ, was the one who led the first settlement in Pattanam." - R. Nagaswamy (the former director of Tamil Nadu Archaeology) The sovereign of Kerala (Malabar) was titled as ‘Keralaputhra’ in Sanskrit since the 3rd Century B.C therefore the south Indian invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc have also referred to the Kerala (Malabar) kings as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit until the 12th century C.E in Indian history. The Invaders from Tamil Nadu such as the Chola king in his Sanskrit inscription has stated that "he had crossed the sahya mountains (western ghats) and destroyed the Kerala king and his country (Kerala) protected by the chief of the Brigus (i.e Lord Parashurama - Ex. "Jithva Kerala Bhupathim Brigupatheschithva Thapo Rakshitham Prithvim") which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history. For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E) It was the tradition among the Hindus of Kerala that a legendary king titled as 'Cheraman Perumal, Cheraman Thampuran, Cheraman Ramavarma etc' of the Kerala (Malabar) tradition aka 'Vira Kerala Chakravarthi' had once divided his possessions between Gokarnam and Kanyakumari as well as his 'Sceptre (chenkol), Crown (mudi), Sword (val) etc' among his nephews and sons of the Kerala-Country (i.e Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc) as consisting of 'Kolathiri of Kolathunadu, Eralathiri of Eranadu, Venathiri of Venadu etc' and ascended up to heaven unlike the tradition current among the 'Muslims, Christians etc' of Kerala (Malabar) history. For Example: Diego de Couto (16th Century) - "It is the tradition among the Christians of Malabar (Kerala) that a 'Xarao Perimal' (Cheraman Perumal) of Cranganore (Kodungallur) was so very well affected to them and that through them he was converted to Christianity and persuaded to go to Meliapor (Mylapore in Tamil Nadu)" The term 'Chera, Cheraman etc' in the folk-songs of Kerala are denoting the Kerala (Malabar) kings of 'Kodungallur' aka Mahodayapuram (Thiruvanchikulam) referred to as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit since pre-portuguese period who gave the Christians, Muslims, Jews etc a place to trade and live in Kerala and not any mythological 'Sera' kings of the local Tamil Nadu literary works or the fictional 'Chera Perumal' of the 18th century 'Keralolpathi' literary work etc.

Sir, The term 'Makkothai, Vanchi, Musiri, Karuvur, Kodunkolur etc' in the Tamil Nadu literary works and inscriptions until the 12th Century C.E are denoting the Capital of the Kerala (Malabar) king known as 'Mahodayapuram or Thiruvanchikulam or Kodungalloor' etc in the Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E. The Dravidian languages of Malayalam, Tamil, Tulu, Kannada, Telugu etc including the Tribal Languages (ex. Irula, Kurumba etc) as consisting of common/similar words are all emerging from a Proto-Dravidian language meaning an undocumented common spoken language in pre-history as attested by all linguists today hence there are places with common names in Kerala and Tamil Nadu even today (ex. Thondi, Musiri, Vanchi, Karuvur, etc) thus it doesn't mean that the places of Kerala or 'Keralaputhra' referred to as 'Tyndis, Muziris, Karoura etc' by the travelers in the past were referring to the settlement of the people of Tamil Nadu or ‘Tamilans’ referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history including Kerala literary works until the 14th Century C.E but the people of Kerala referred to as ‘Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history. The land as bounded by the Malayadri mountains (western ghats) to the East and the Ocean to the West is known as the 'Malayalam Country' or 'Keralam' in all of known Indian history as For Example, the 11th century Sanskrit Poet Bilhana in his work refers to several kingdoms as having surrendered to the King Vikrama (1076 - 1126 C.E) of Karnataka including Konkana (konkan region), Alupa (tulu region), Chola, Pandya etc whereas the poet Bilhana mentions that the Elephants of the King Vikrama as having stirred the sandalwood trees on the Malaya Mountains (western ghats) in his conquest of Kerala. For Example: “Abhajyantha gajaisthasya leelayaa malayaadhruma samam Kerala….” - Vikramankadevacharitha - Kavi Bilhana (11th Century C.E) The land of 'Kerala or Keralajanapadha or Keralaputhra' in Indian history since the 3rd Century B.C referred to as Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc in Kerala history after the Sanskrit word 'Malaya' as denoting the western ghats did not consist of any region east of the Ghats or the region of Tamil Nadu once referred to as 'Kongu-Nadu, Pandi-Nadu, Chola-Nadu etc' in Indian history until the 12th Century C.E or thereafter in Kerala (Malabar) history.

Pattanam is a part of Thrissur district. Border of Thrissur and Kochi

The port-cities and towns of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra in Sanskrit) such as 'Tyndis, Kalaikarias, Bramagara etc' including 'Muziris' up to Komari (i.e Kanyakumari in Sanskrit) as mentioned by the Foreign travelers cannot be satisfactorily identified with current names in Kerala unlike the Indian cities as mentioned by the Foreign travelers such as 'Modura (Madurai) in Tamil Nadu (i.e Madhura in Sanskrit), or Souppara (Sopara) in Maharashtra (i.e Surparaka in Sanskrit), or Barygaza (Bharuch) in Gujarat (i.e Bhrigukaccha in Sanskrit) etc' but that doesn't mean that a catastrophic flood had destroyed Kerala ports & reshaped Kerala geography in the past unlike elsewhere in India. Joao Maria Campori - 1604 A.D - "The greater part of these Christians believe that they have descended from those whom St. Thomas baptized at Mylapore (Tamil Nadu), and who later on, migrated over to the Malabar coast (Kerala)." There are several articles on the web regarding how Communists and Christians such as Istvan Perczel, a Hungarian scholar of Early Christianity as invited by the Kerala Council for Historical Research (KCHR) are trying to attach an insignificant place known as 'Pattanam' in Kerala with no historical references as the 'Muziris' of the 1st Century C.E to create spurious evidence of the arrival of the Apostle St. Thomas in India. For Example: "The effort by a section of historians to establish Pattanam as Muziris is to impose the belief on us that St.Thomas, one of the apostles of Jesus Christ, was the one who led the first settlement in Pattanam." - R. Nagaswamy (the former director of Tamil Nadu Archaeology) The sovereign of Kerala (Malabar) was titled as ‘Keralaputhra’ in Sanskrit since the 3rd Century B.C therefore the south Indian invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc have also referred to the Kerala (Malabar) kings as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit until the 12th century C.E in Indian history. The Invaders from Tamil Nadu such as the Chola king in his Sanskrit inscription has stated that "he had crossed the sahya mountains (western ghats) and destroyed the Kerala king and his country (Kerala) protected by the chief of the Brigus (i.e Lord Parashurama - Ex. "Jithva Kerala Bhupathim Brigupatheschithva Thapo Rakshitham Prithvim") which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history. For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E) It was the tradition among the Hindus of Kerala that a legendary king titled as 'Cheraman Perumal, Cheraman Thampuran, Cheraman Ramavarma etc' of the Kerala (Malabar) tradition aka 'Vira Kerala Chakravarthi' had once divided his possessions between Gokarnam and Kanyakumari as well as his 'Sceptre (chenkol), Crown (mudi), Sword (val) etc' among his nephews and sons of the Kerala-Country (i.e Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc) as consisting of 'Kolathiri of Kolathunadu, Eralathiri of Eranadu, Venathiri of Venadu etc' and ascended up to heaven unlike the tradition current among the 'Muslims, Christians etc' of Kerala (Malabar) history. For Example: Diego de Couto (16th Century) - "It is the tradition among the Christians of Malabar (Kerala) that a 'Xarao Perimal' (Cheraman Perumal) of Cranganore (Kodungallur) was so very well affected to them and that through them he was converted to Christianity and persuaded to go to Meliapor (Mylapore in Tamil Nadu)" The term 'Chera, Cheraman etc' in the folk-songs of Kerala are denoting the Kerala (Malabar) kings of 'Kodungallur' aka Mahodayapuram (Thiruvanchikulam) referred to as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit since pre-portuguese period who gave the Christians, Muslims, Jews etc a place to trade and live in Kerala and not any mythological 'Sera' kings of the local Tamil Nadu literary works or the fictional 'Chera Perumal' of the 18th century 'Keralolpathi' literary work etc.

This was long long long ago around 3000 to 2300 BC .😂

True. The numerous invasions as well as with the settling in of Muslim, Mughal & English rulers , India lost plenty of its history & even many of its literature, monuments & such that were proof of that history. When in the Battle of Talikota Vijaynagar Empire fell to the Muslim rulers of Deccan Sultanate , the plunder, loot & massacre of people lasted for a couple of months or more . What's remains of the Vijaynagar empire is Hampi which also .has very little left intact. When Jhansi fell, the first thing English did was to burn the place where books, documents & records were stored. With it followed the systematic loot of Jhansi. First the Senior English , followed by lower ranks of English and then what was left was open for Indians to loot .

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

she did listen and did Navy story

@@suambuli Thank you.

King Solomons wife is from Kerala. Her parents sent the artifacts such as peacock, Ivory, Jewels, Gold, Rosewood etc.

WTF :😳 Then what is UVARI (OPHIR) Port which is located in south Tamilnadu 🤔

@@theicon2132 ..How's Uvari and OPHIR are the same...besides, Muziris was the largest port in Asia at that time, why on earth did someone dock their ships at some un known port in Tamilnadu.

Pattanan the main focal point is in Ernakulam district

@@umeshambadi2519 pattanam is the extended part of the muziris.

Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)

What the British did not loot, the congress party will loot.

Indians shld research their own history & do an extensive study of its archeological sites + discover more to present a correct history of India. As of date what mainly exists has been analysed & arrived at from a very Western / English perspective . And English historians tried to fit the Indian history to suit their convenience & the timelines of Christian dates & history. English based India's ancient history on Megasthenes’ book Indika that has survived only in fragments preserved in the works of other Greek and Latin authors. And none of the names in it match any of the ancient rulers Ggl search Dating of Ancient Indian History Dr. M. R. Goyal

... and what we are aware of isn't the truth either. The Brits for 200 years have been wiping off the true history of India and rewriting with their versions to suit their needs to divide and rule on one hand hand and changing narratives to present the Europeans as a superior race on the other. Sadly, the Indians have fallen for this hook, line and sinker. Changes and corrections have been in development of the late however, anti-nationals and neolibs have been throwing tantrums and obstacles. It will take time but it will get done. Prising the 'yes Massa, no Massa, three bags full Massa' mentality out of their DNA will take some doing!

Separatist

Bible was edited in Kerala. No one knows Astrophysics, and Calculus at that time that was present in Bible, only Keralites has that knowledge. Without that knowledge, they can't do business through oceans. Looks Columbus, he started to reach India but landed in USA, no knowledge.