Thank you so much! You have zero idea how long I have been trying to find an answer for this.

Oh! makes sense now TYSM

Hm.. Photoelectric effect happens in the depletion region between Phosphorus and Boron where the electric field is directed towards N (Phosphorus). Both N and P regions are electrically neutral by default because P has extra proton to neutralize its extra electron in the outer shell, and Boron has one proton less to neutralize a lack of one electron. The electric field happen in the depletion region due to free electrons from N filling free spaces in P region, and now the N side of depletion region has Phosphorus ions (without extra electron) and P side of the depletion region has Boron ions (with extra electron). This result in an electric field pointing to N region (depletion region is positive on N side and negative on P side) which pushes electrons to N and holes to P. The photoelectric effect happens when photon hits depletion region and creates a hole and electron which are channeled to the corresponding sides making N side more negative and P side more positive, if you close the circuit the electrons would flow through the wire from N to P making it stable again and this creates electricity as long as the sun is hitting the depletion region. That's why the N layer is thinner than P layer, so that the photon travels less to the depletion region. This video doesn't go into detail about depletion region as some other videos about NP junction.

Thanks. I used to think N-type more electrons so flowing should go from N to P

So instead of the electric field you're saying that electrons goes to the N Layer and Holes goes to P Layer when the light hits the depletion region because the valence forces of Ph and Boron. it's a little bit confusing bc i saw a lot of videos that explain that phenomenon is due to electric field

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@@geoffroytsimamotsy7608 a

I know I'm quite off topic but does anybody know a good website to stream newly released series online?

@Rowan Kylen try Flixzone. You can find it by googling :)

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In the gray zone the there's postive charges that are attracted toward the red zone, and negative charges that are attracted toward the green zone, this creates an electric field pointing down (in the image from the video), so when light hits on the solar cell, some electrons get free and consequently some postive holes, this free elctrons are driven up by the electric field and the positve holes are driven down. Sorry for bad english.

Hey, _you_ can't be Garrett L -- _I'm_ Garrett L!

Nice

Oi

The "holes" are areas where there are fewer electrons. In reality, the electrons around the hole shift around to displace the hole. As for the electron direction, that's because the electrons want to meet the positive charges/holes through the path of least resistance. Although the distance going straight down is smaller, the resistance/conductivity makes that impossible.

thanks!

so there is an additional layer of material that acts as resistance?

Bob - I don't understand why the electrons move towards the N-type and not the P-type. I thought the least resistance would be going towards opposite charges (negative to positive) and not like charges (negative to negative).

ABC The path of least resistance is actually through the wires into the component being powered which makes its way back to the holes on the bottom

For board exam

It's just supposed to be p-type. Holes are the majority carriers in p-type material and electrons in n-type. The mobility of electrons is greater than the mobility of holes which makes p-type semiconductor less conductive.

I learnt that the protons don't move at all, it's just the electrons are liberated, as in they are no longer bonded to the atom. When the electrons do work in the wire, it releases its energy therefore goes back to a lower state of energy, there-in the positive ions can now "capture" the free electrons once more to form the bond to make the atom again. This processes is repeated indefinitely as long as photons provide the energy needed for the electrons to be liberated in a process called photonic emission, where electrons absorb the energy from photons of a specific wavelength.

Though it is said that electrons move, it is not the case. Only the charge moves. Charge from one electron is transferred to next and so on. Electrons are present every where, even in electrical cables i.e., copper/any metal. So energy from electrons in solar cells gets transferred to electrons in copper thus it propagates to load where it is used to convert electricity to any other energy. Meanwhile in solar cell when ever an electron is deprived of its energy it goes back to its normal state and gets ready to accept photon energy again from sunlight. Hope this will clear your doubt. I too had this doubt initially but after going back to quantum physics principles I got this understanding. I don't know if I am correct but my theory fits the answer.

By sunlight it gey more positive charge and electrons

bit.ly/2C0qCeE?-home-solar-panel-system

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by convention, current is taken to be the movement of positive charges. not the movement of electrons. take notice that when describing the layers for example, narrator says phosphorus makes the layer more negative. for example, phosphorus has 6 valence electrons and it wants to have a complete octet in its outer shell, meaning it wants to receive electrons to fill the -holes-. However, if you follow the convention, these holes are what's being "donated". so when an electron is knocked off the middle layer it goes to the top layer to fill these holes. in summary: the top layer is actually positive due to missing electrons in the valence shell of phosphorus and the bottom layer is actually negative due to an excess electrons. But, conventionally, the top layer is negative (due having 6 valence electrons ) and the bottom one is positive for the same reason. TL;DR: it actually moves to the correct side given the convention. sorry if the explanation is not well structured, English is not my first language.

thanks