How Earth Creates Its Magnetic Field

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2veritasium

2veritasium

6 жыл бұрын

How turbulent convection currents in Earth's outer core make its magnetic field
This video is a prequel to one that will appear here: ve42.co/Spin
Huge thank you to Prof. Jon Aurnou who spent a lot of time explaining how planetary magnetic fields are created. He changed a lot of my preconceptions. His youtube channel is here:
/ spinlabucla
His research page is here: ve42.co/SpinLab
OK, so what were my preconceptions?
1. That the Earth's magnetic field is a passive thing - it shouldn't need a continuous input of energy to maintain itself (that seemed reasonable to me because the magnetic field has been around for a long time and it seems mostly stable). But as it turns out, the Earth is a giant electromagnet, and so of course those currents dissipate their energy as they encounter resistance in the liquid metal through which they flow. So the energy to continuously create these currents comes from the kinetic energy of the liquid metal flows in the Earth's outer core.
2. If it's convection, I'm thinking hot things rising, cooler things falling. But apparently the main effect driving convection is the compositional differences at the boundary with the Earth's inner core. This is because of the differential freezing at the boundary. Things like iron freeze into the inner core, while elements like sulfur do not. Hence the pockets of lighter material which then rise outwards.
3. I didn't get why the fluid motion was necessary for the generation of the magnetic field. I mean if it's a conducting liquid, it can conduct currents whether it moves or not. But the key is that the liquid metal can 'trap' magnetic fields. I imagine this like how iron channels magnetic fields. Then once these fields are channeled, they can be pulled and stretched, making more magnetic field.
4. Fluids operate very differently in rotating frames of reference. This is something I didn't intuitively grasp. But, as fluids move from the inner core outwards, those particles are moving much more slowly in the direction of rotation than the matter that has been there for a long time, which means the convection currents get deflected and form helices.
Listening to Prof. Arnou's explanation made possible my explanation in the other video (it's really just a summary of what he says here). So thanks Prof. Arnou!

Пікірлер: 2 000
@kayakutah
@kayakutah 3 жыл бұрын
"Not to scale". Thanks, I wasn't sure!
@idontknowok5632
@idontknowok5632 2 жыл бұрын
😐oohhkayy….
@MiniWireCoD
@MiniWireCoD 6 жыл бұрын
Damn, that circle is nicely drawn.
@Pile_of_carbon
@Pile_of_carbon 6 жыл бұрын
Ikr! His first circle was _really_ good.
@NG-VQ37VHR
@NG-VQ37VHR 6 жыл бұрын
I was disappointed by the second one, but I thought first was pretty satisfying.
@deepdoodle1
@deepdoodle1 6 жыл бұрын
Whaaat?
@movax20h
@movax20h 6 жыл бұрын
The first one was AWESOME. The other ones were shit.
@exeerror-om6cq
@exeerror-om6cq 6 жыл бұрын
Circle drawing goals
@Dillon....
@Dillon.... 4 жыл бұрын
he literally describes the magnetic field like a sales pitch like he's trying to convince you that this is what's actually happening lol
@gersontheperson1215
@gersontheperson1215 4 жыл бұрын
0:15 lets take a moment and appreciate that circle
@jeestudent6758
@jeestudent6758 3 жыл бұрын
Ok I did. Now what?
@omsingharjit
@omsingharjit 3 жыл бұрын
Yup
@sygo
@sygo 6 жыл бұрын
I LOVE the passion of this guy. He really cares about this, and is clearly willing to dumb it down for the purpose of teaching anyone who asks.
@Stuart.Branson.
@Stuart.Branson. 2 жыл бұрын
You certainly can't get any dumber
@goosee7776
@goosee7776 2 жыл бұрын
That's Incorrect unfortunately" cat laughing at how many people thought this was true in the comments" ok folks the planets energy field come's from the suns powerful electron dencity and x rays pass into the earth at its poles' and produce fusion in the center. it's a two part reaction this fusion creates an electron loop or electromagnetic field is a modality" via it's circular magnetic physical property's" a iron, nickle shell" exc,,,this also makes it's spin or rotate itself'' one energy flows counter clockwise from the sun" the em field flows out counter clockwise I believe'... its not a ball lava that's impossible we would be melted by the mass of the heat squared mc_2,,, to what a 5 thousand mile across peace of hot cole would do floating around in outer space ummm no" it's empty after 450 miles debts ish" alot of watter some other things' I can't say" olny fusion "a small star" in the center with not alot of gravity probley near it...so there's acculy nothing there a real bright blueish light, but still not vary hot no...but nice try guy'' however liquid mettal can make a magnetic field yes', but no" there's probably none of that down there, you see especially near all magnetic centurfugal divergence" is a zero point" so there's no gravity to hold any rotating element together so such' Instine was still great tho' thank you lady's and gentlemen," a house cat walks off stage...
@wycliffeo4656
@wycliffeo4656 Жыл бұрын
Lmao
@doeeyeddevil4896
@doeeyeddevil4896 6 ай бұрын
😂😂😂😂 riiiiiight
@SlimThrull
@SlimThrull 6 жыл бұрын
But what DOES give the Earth the initial magnetic field? I get that for illustrative purposes we can simply impose it, but I'd like to know what the actual answer is.
@FoxEagle993
@FoxEagle993 6 жыл бұрын
The system being discussed evolves across orders of magnitude in scale. If you're interested you may find resources which delve into the specifics 1. The outer core fluid can hold and generate flux through motion; 2. Local differences form larger composites which are sustained by effects of local motion and charge/flux; 3. Nature favours the lowest energy state. The gradual evolution of the massive system trends toward alignment, leading to initial conditions discussed at 6:00 I imagine the torus of magnetism being more a jagged chain of flux in the system than the smooth shape of a doughnut. (P.S. The magnetic poles are not greatly aligned with the rotational poles)
@derek
@derek 6 жыл бұрын
yeah the thing is that there is positive feedback. A small current or magnetic field can generate the other and they can continue to grow and generate each other in the presence of these helical, turbulent convection currents.
@KeystoneScience
@KeystoneScience 6 жыл бұрын
SlimThrull sadly, the base of your question, the why, is unknown, we learn more and more about the effects, but many ideas for the why accelerated materials are still hypothetical, for instance, something likely related, it is not yet known how charge is built up in clouds for lighting, all we know is there is a high correlation with stronger updrafts equating to more lightning. So, stay curious, and perhaps you could find it :)
@SlimThrull
@SlimThrull 6 жыл бұрын
So the motion of the liquid metal is enough to generate some field which in turn is amplified by the convection currents, yes? Okay, that makes sense.
@robmckennie4203
@robmckennie4203 6 жыл бұрын
@SlimThrull I don't think liquid metal will generate it's own magnetic field that's then amplified, but there are any number of potential sources of a magnetic field that the core can then amplify.
@laurenvillarreal1825
@laurenvillarreal1825 5 жыл бұрын
wow, wish this guy was my professor! I'm studying mechanical engineering and this beautifully ties so many concepts in electronics and heat transfer and fluid mechanics. THANK YOU FOR THE POST.
@goosee7776
@goosee7776 2 жыл бұрын
That's Incorrect unfortunately" cat laughing at how many people thought this was true in the comments" ok folks the planets energy field come's from the suns powerful electron dencity and x rays pass into the earth at its poles' and produce fusion in the center. it's a two part reaction this fusion creates an electron loop or electromagnetic field is a modality" via it's circular magnetic physical property's" a iron, nickle shell" exc,,,this also makes it's spin or rotate itself'' one energy flows counter clockwise from the sun" the em field flows out counter clockwise I believe'... its not a ball lava that's impossible we would be melted by the mass of the heat squared mc_2,,, to what a 5 thousand mile across peace of hot cole would do floating around in outer space ummm no" it's empty after 450 miles debts ish" alot of watter some other things' I can't say" olny fusion "a small star" in the center with not alot of gravity probley near it...so there's acculy nothing there a real bright blueish light, but still not vary hot no...but nice try guy'' however liquid mettal can make a magnetic field yes', but no" there's probably none of that down there, you see especially near all magnetic centurfugal divergence" is a zero point" so there's no gravity to hold any rotating element together so such' Instine was still great tho' thank you lady's and gentlemen," a house cat walks off stage...
@deanlewis1277
@deanlewis1277 2 ай бұрын
I've had him as a professor and worked in his lab. He's awesome as both a human being and an instructor.
@ClevorBelmont
@ClevorBelmont 5 жыл бұрын
This man almost free-hand drew a circle. I was already impressed.
@tristanteller7990
@tristanteller7990 Жыл бұрын
Then ingeniously normalized himself by doing a hilariously terrible placement of the inner circles. Like the Iron Core, my impressed assessment then cooled somewhat
@TheModernMartialArtist
@TheModernMartialArtist 6 жыл бұрын
Hokay, so here's de Earth. Dang, that's a pretty sweet magnetic field, you might say...
@jgrant4201
@jgrant4201 3 жыл бұрын
Too few people remember this gem :)
@blackpink1fan479
@blackpink1fan479 3 жыл бұрын
This proves that those places on journey to the center of the earth 2008 movie are real unbelievable and they exist
@michaelpachuilo6219
@michaelpachuilo6219 3 жыл бұрын
Fire ze' Missiles!!!
@frankdimeglio8216
@frankdimeglio8216 2 жыл бұрын
@@jgrant4201 Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS E=MC2 is F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. TIME DILATION ULTIMATELY proves ON BALANCE that ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. ("Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.) GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity; AS E=MC2 IS F=ma. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. (Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=MC2 IS F=ma.) "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense, AS BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand !!! (Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.) E=MC2 is CLEARLY F=ma. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. A PHOTON may be placed at the center of what is THE SUN (as A POINT, of course), AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light (c); AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=MC2 IS F=ma. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. The Earth is ALSO CLEARLY then E=MC2 AS F=ma ON BALANCE !!! GREAT !!! By Frank DiMeglio
@eahere
@eahere 6 жыл бұрын
"It's messy. You're wrong." That's such an Einstein thing to say lol
@Wulthrin
@Wulthrin 6 жыл бұрын
"this core is about the size of mars" mind blown
@brokenwave6125
@brokenwave6125 5 жыл бұрын
Why? Mars is half the diameter of Earth.
@hegugs
@hegugs 5 жыл бұрын
*MIND STILL BLOWN*
@jbenkidu
@jbenkidu 5 жыл бұрын
@MomoTheBellyDancer lol wow that's not nice. Don't discourage, stimulate.
@bibekwagle5751
@bibekwagle5751 5 жыл бұрын
MC Güx Deluxe b
@teebee5323
@teebee5323 5 жыл бұрын
@@brokenwave6125 exactly, in fact martian gravity is so comparatively weak, it provides a serious hindrance in colonizing mars.
@metou3072
@metou3072 4 жыл бұрын
I can't wait for the day that they can make a model of the earths magnetic field that is made the same exact way that earth makes its magnetic field. But obviously I wont hold my breath
@letstacoboutit8205
@letstacoboutit8205 2 жыл бұрын
U ever think u could use magnets for energy?
@metou3072
@metou3072 2 жыл бұрын
@@letstacoboutit8205 obviously the real way Earth's magnetic field is produced is because the earth and sun are electrically connected through birkland currents that you can see with the naked eye... northern lights, Aurora...it also explains why the earth spins..follows the right hand rule.. claiming that the heat that is in Earth's core comes from gravity is total BS... must be a coincidence that electric currents produce heat as well
@letstacoboutit8205
@letstacoboutit8205 2 жыл бұрын
@@metou3072 I mean could we use it in a way of a unlimited source some way to harness the electrical field idk too much up on it u knw just researching
@metou3072
@metou3072 2 жыл бұрын
@@letstacoboutit8205 no.. magnetism is from protons...and electricity is nothing more than moving magnetism
@metou3072
@metou3072 2 жыл бұрын
If you are interested in making your own energy usually storing it is the issue because batteries are expensive... capacitors are the future not batteries but in my opinion use electricity generated to lift a weight connected to a generator so when you want to use it release the weight to spin the generator...or if you have the batteries to store energy use your car to charge batteries as your battery in your car is only used for starting the car. You waste a lot of energy driving your car around and not capturing all the energy it can produce...you need to learn about diodes...like solar panels use... electricity behaves exactly like water in a pipe... EXACTLY...so if u can understand that then you should have no problem understanding electricity and ways to generate it...if I was you I would save information that you think that you will need later in life cause the internet will not always be there
@Nhoj31neirbo47
@Nhoj31neirbo47 6 жыл бұрын
“He nailed it. It’s just complex.”
@Decrosion
@Decrosion 5 жыл бұрын
LOVE OF PLANTS 🌻 fml
@glenncanfield6211
@glenncanfield6211 5 жыл бұрын
Sounds like a bunch of assuming and should bees I don't know we know nothing.
@mgtowvalues
@mgtowvalues 5 жыл бұрын
@@glenncanfield6211 You are absolutely correct. There was nothing of modern science in this report.
@nikiwiki2006
@nikiwiki2006 5 жыл бұрын
Mgtow Values Seismology has shown a lot of this information.
@mgtowvalues
@mgtowvalues 5 жыл бұрын
@@nikiwiki2006 Do not blandly tell me that, please. I did the research on seismology and there is nothing in seismology that explains the cause of earth's magnetic sphere.
@YawnGod
@YawnGod 6 жыл бұрын
It's an obvious statement, but I have never heard it in my life: "This core is about the size of Mars. It's big. It's the size of other planets." Cool.
@Decrosion
@Decrosion 5 жыл бұрын
therealnightwriter ha "hollow" is a bad word to use friend because of the crackpot connotations. It's also just inaccurate i mean its obviously not vacuum because that would contradict everything else we observe in nature.
@Decrosion
@Decrosion 5 жыл бұрын
therealnightwriter the dinosaur Gravity point is pertinent though. This seems to be something most people have never heard but remains completely unanswered by mainstream science.
@renedekker9806
@renedekker9806 5 жыл бұрын
@therealnightwriter Lol, good joke. You made a mistake, though. For gravity at the surface to be smaller in the paste, the Earth needs to shrink over time, not grow. Or you need to add mass to its hollow core over time.
@IAMSTEVIERAYBITCH
@IAMSTEVIERAYBITCH 5 жыл бұрын
@@renedekker9806 can you show me in life where mass is attracted to another Mass. I'm going to answer this really fast for you..... No! Here's an idea start at the beginning trying not to believe the lies that you've been told use your brain for yourself and you will see.
@renedekker9806
@renedekker9806 5 жыл бұрын
@@IAMSTEVIERAYBITCH I am sorry, I don't follow your humor. What is mass attracted to if not other mass?
@crobbie86
@crobbie86 4 жыл бұрын
"Where is it coming from?" Is the most important question.
@senantiasa
@senantiasa 4 жыл бұрын
"and who put it there?" as phoebe said...
@Shadow-uw3ld
@Shadow-uw3ld 3 жыл бұрын
Mantal part
@falcodarkzz
@falcodarkzz 3 жыл бұрын
Yeah he doesn’t make that clear. Naturally in the earth’s core there are charges/ions, I guess in a much higher quantity than in normal matter. The motion of these charges is what generates the field. Scientists think this motion is greatest at the boundary between the solid and liquid cores
@surendrakverma555
@surendrakverma555 3 жыл бұрын
Motion of ions
@Sam-bc9ll
@Sam-bc9ll 3 жыл бұрын
Zeb Oh!! Thanks fam, that helps me understand a bit better. So is it like the concept of the “sea of electrons” in metallic bonding?
@dylanhenry3310
@dylanhenry3310 3 жыл бұрын
Writing a topical paper on Ganymede for my astronomy class and watched this video for some background context. Jon Arnou's name sounded familiar and I check the citations I have and sure enough, he has co-authored the papers I've used that are focused on the geodynamo in Ganymede. What a coincidence! Thank you Derek!!
@shpadoinkle_wombat
@shpadoinkle_wombat 6 жыл бұрын
Great video! I would love part two with the topic of "how we actually know all this things". Like how can we know the chemical composition of the core? What proves this theory besides that it fits the observation of large scale magnetic field? etc.
@doeeyeddevil4896
@doeeyeddevil4896 6 ай бұрын
👍🏽👍🏽👍🏽👍🏽 exactly my thoughts!
@koalasaw
@koalasaw 4 ай бұрын
one way we know the chemical composition of the core is from chondrites that can be dated back to the time of earth's formation. basically meteorites were pieces of earth's core that didn't get trapped when the earth formed.
@Eragon954
@Eragon954 6 жыл бұрын
0:14 Casually hand draws a perfect circle, no big deal.
@frootube5662
@frootube5662 4 жыл бұрын
This guys an awesome teacher the angular momentum analogy with the convection of the fluid was spot on nice work.
@HighSpeedNoDrag
@HighSpeedNoDrag 10 ай бұрын
I would like to get his take regarding a area that is off the charts regarding a Aeromagnetic Map which indicates a county Major League magnetic presence. Some strange things at night and will leave at that.
@jedour865
@jedour865 5 жыл бұрын
This actually really helped answer my questions, thanks.
@Bolagnaise
@Bolagnaise 6 жыл бұрын
SmarterEveryDay did a video recently on opposing rings and the helical offshoots they create when they hit each other, in my mind this seems like a similar effect
@yashx26
@yashx26 6 жыл бұрын
Miss this channel so much!
@Marcio100s
@Marcio100s 6 ай бұрын
A recent scientific publication on the "Origin of Geomagnetism" shows "A New Hypothesis to Fully Justify the Generation, Maintenance and Behavior of Geomagnetism". Just search.
@johnbhai7147
@johnbhai7147 Жыл бұрын
1:12 Mars whole planet radius is 3389 km whereas Earth's core only is estimated to be 3485 km. Thanks for the information, that's the first time i've heard.
@melomania2637
@melomania2637 6 жыл бұрын
Explain like im five
@medokn99
@medokn99 6 жыл бұрын
r/explainlikeimfive
@UrielSuarezElectro
@UrielSuarezElectro 6 жыл бұрын
They never explain like you're five - more like ten.
@professoroak3411
@professoroak3411 6 жыл бұрын
Melomania not flat = magnetic field (Globe Earth) 🌎
@skillinp1388
@skillinp1388 6 жыл бұрын
I've seen one or two times that they literally break it down to 5 year old levels
@mrjbexample
@mrjbexample 6 жыл бұрын
Tidy your room first and then we can talk
@Astraeus..
@Astraeus.. 5 жыл бұрын
As Neo said to the Architect, "You haven't answered my question!". You've explained only how the Earth maintains it's magnetic field, not how it was created in the first place, which not only makes the title of your video false but it's also ignoring the most important part of the question in the first place.
@waiqiao6875
@waiqiao6875 3 жыл бұрын
No, he’s explaining how it’s created. Try watching again or proceed on to other electrodynamics or magnetism courses
@rameshsabbavarapu3758
@rameshsabbavarapu3758 3 жыл бұрын
When there is movement of charge it generates field, initial condition was attained by rotation of the earth which forced liquid metal to helical spin.
@kaitzu4560
@kaitzu4560 3 жыл бұрын
This simulation is just too damn complicated. No creater would create a simulation this sophisticated
@xValkyrie93
@xValkyrie93 2 жыл бұрын
As someone who wishes they continued high school physics, there are so many parts of this where i can remember this or that. So its expanding (in a dumbed down form) from those original ideas. Its highly fascinatingm
@thelastcube.
@thelastcube. 6 жыл бұрын
2 videos in one day Is it Christmas yet?!
@medokn99
@medokn99 6 жыл бұрын
but...
@ShouldHaveKnownYT
@ShouldHaveKnownYT 6 жыл бұрын
“Or we would quickly perish” I love this video
@doviche
@doviche 5 жыл бұрын
I like this explanation, very simple e coherent. The explanation does not embrace many things that could be explained and I think those things are not explained because of their complexity, otherwise, it would make things very hard for many of us to understand. Thank you for taking your time to explain to us how it works.
@Bassillixx
@Bassillixx 5 жыл бұрын
A particle at the centre of the Earth would experience a vector summation of gravitational forces equal to zero. It would be weightless, and NOT under immense pressure.
@amogussus2399
@amogussus2399 3 жыл бұрын
Lol being weightless and being under immense pressure are two diff things !
@mronion597
@mronion597 5 жыл бұрын
The magnetic field cause the fluid to stretch and create the Earths magnetic field. How did the first magnetic field come??
@moonasha
@moonasha 4 жыл бұрын
wikipedia said nobody really knows but they guess it's the sun's magnetic field; it was way stronger billions of years ago
@ronyvernet
@ronyvernet 4 жыл бұрын
One possibility is that the liquid outer core in friction with solid inner core produced electric charges that in movement through the metal induced little initial magnetic fields.
@josyjoy2836
@josyjoy2836 4 жыл бұрын
God created everything
@xeno2421
@xeno2421 3 жыл бұрын
@@josyjoy2836 if you are so sure about what you think why are you here? Please don't spam the comment section of scientific viedos
@Guildrum
@Guildrum 6 жыл бұрын
However, the thing that occurs to me as someone who does some welding, I know that mild steel will loose magnetic properties at about 1420° F and will not regain them until it cools to about 500° F. Since steel is made from iron, and it's the iron that imparts the magnetic properties to steel, I assume that iron shares this property of losing magnetism at critical temperatures, yet a magnetic field is still generated.
@dave5194
@dave5194 6 жыл бұрын
Guildrum I've got a hazy idea of how this works but from what I understand the convection currents cause the fields in the mantel to have helical spirals and creates rings of net current which act like the coils of an electromagnet and the turbulent changes to the field also generates induced magnetic fields as the field "resists" changes
@Guildrum
@Guildrum 6 жыл бұрын
Trust me, I realize that there's no way to know exactly what goes on until someone goes there and directly observes it. :) I know magnetism and electricity are closely related, but I also know, also from welding, that heat effects those relations, as does any welder that's arc welded something too hot and got an arc "blow-out" where the electrical arc will actually try to follow a generated magnetic field due to heat, rather than "do like electricity do" and try to take the shortest route to ground. It seems magnetic fields do strange things at high temperatures, as does electricity.
@dave5194
@dave5194 6 жыл бұрын
Well he mentioned in the video that there is currently flowing through the mantel and I have seen videos of induction heating from an electromagnet which causes the ingot to levitate and also quickly and evenly heat up. Permanent magnets lose magnetism when they heat up because the molecules are able to move around freely and orient in random directions, canceling out the net force. My guess is that because there's a strong field passing through the molten metal, the molecules are still induced to orient in the direction of the net field
@sidewaysfcs0718
@sidewaysfcs0718 6 жыл бұрын
It has nothing to do with iron's ferromagnetism, this works with any convecting metal.
@Guildrum
@Guildrum 6 жыл бұрын
And NOW I get around to seeing the main video, where they're talking about sodium!
@Digitalhunny
@Digitalhunny 5 жыл бұрын
Bookmark Paused @ 4:13 Trying to figure out: How does our magnetic field affect cosmic inflation? This was step one. Thank you for the 'Cole's Notes' version (I'm Canadian).
@no_more_free_nicks
@no_more_free_nicks 5 жыл бұрын
Finally some in depth analysis.
@theword7377
@theword7377 5 жыл бұрын
He re explained everything he was trying to explain but never explained the magnetic field. Makes absolutely know sense
@punyomilo507
@punyomilo507 5 жыл бұрын
He said "magnetic field " more than I would blink..
@inthemidwest3514
@inthemidwest3514 2 ай бұрын
when the earth stops spinning one day, we will call upon this man to help jump start it again. protect him.
@sobelgar9289
@sobelgar9289 5 жыл бұрын
Don't think he answered the question... He imposed a field to explain how that field got bigger. The question is where did it come from in the first place? Did I miss something? Also, are we certain about the core elements or are these assumptions? How was this proven?
@davescruton2829
@davescruton2829 6 жыл бұрын
So far he has not mentioned that the transformer relationship with the sun. You can't map it all out without that tidbit. Remember that the more measurements taken, the more the current paradigm is disproven. When you refuse to see the magnetic and electrical effects in space, you can't understand our own planet.
@Decrosion
@Decrosion 5 жыл бұрын
Dave Scruton Yes thank you. Please keep educating! If anyone wants to understand Dave's comment, just watch this (there's plenty more where that came from). kzfaq.info/get/bejne/nrZ-gNKS0bq4hnk.html
@bara734
@bara734 5 жыл бұрын
It's a religious cult... if you contest his dog and pony show they put the cross in your face 😂😂😂😂😂😂
@caroline61804
@caroline61804 5 жыл бұрын
Oh. Good idea. There likely is a connection with the sun and a connection of the sun with orion’s belt. Birkland current anyone?
@Blilar
@Blilar 5 жыл бұрын
Thunderbolts project
@masumoto007
@masumoto007 5 жыл бұрын
I tend to believe the field is caused by that current from the sun. Also tend to think... the relative motion of the sun... and relative speed...I think of static electricity. Motion, electricity, fields.... motion, they are all intertwined.
@KeystoneScience
@KeystoneScience 6 жыл бұрын
Oooo time to watch a video at 2 am :D Edit: was actually 1:30 am.
@derek
@derek 6 жыл бұрын
time to launch a video at 12:30am
@KeystoneScience
@KeystoneScience 6 жыл бұрын
2veritasium oops, yes you are right, it was 1:30 to me, I was too exited to look at the time
@koosnaamloos4291
@koosnaamloos4291 6 жыл бұрын
Keystone Science we need a European science youtuber now
@sick000fight
@sick000fight 6 жыл бұрын
Keystone Science get a life
@jacksharples4128
@jacksharples4128 6 жыл бұрын
Keystone Science I looked at my watch as I read this and it was 1:30am
@Magnasium038
@Magnasium038 6 жыл бұрын
After a point, I was struggling to follow. But i understand that it's a complex topic to discuss; so i appreciate the effort
@nji-sun-godran
@nji-sun-godran 3 ай бұрын
That's great info!! Nice representation of the dynamics. Thank you.
@TeunZijpGroningen
@TeunZijpGroningen 5 жыл бұрын
Why would the dipole be composed of quadruples? Also, changing magnetic fields generate currents, typically eddy currents, which just heats up the metals. I'm skeptical.
@Squirt5
@Squirt5 5 жыл бұрын
This guy is a god. Look at the way he drew that circle
@ME-ps1fo
@ME-ps1fo 4 жыл бұрын
Great, simple explanation that anyone can understand! 👍🏼
@danielurstoger2087
@danielurstoger2087 6 жыл бұрын
Thanks for this video, I love the last sentence a lot: it’s just complex!
@ozstriker1984
@ozstriker1984 6 жыл бұрын
I’d love to see a video on how some of this stuff is worked out, I mean how could they possibly know if they can’t physically get to the core. Same for a lot of space stuff.
@doeeyeddevil4896
@doeeyeddevil4896 6 ай бұрын
100%
@bjornmu
@bjornmu 6 жыл бұрын
So how *fast* is the material in the liquid outer core actually moving?
@movax20h
@movax20h 6 жыл бұрын
Similar speed to earth surface rotation. 24h per revolution. The speed at the outer bunduary is thus probably something like 900km/h. The turbulent convection and other random motions in the outer corre add and substract a bit from this figure, but on average it is 900km/h, and local variations are probably extremally small. (I do not have any sources, but my guess it is less than 1km/h). My guess, is that the outer core is actually rotating little bit faster, (but could be also little less, we do not know), and using slightly different axis of rotation, but probably within 5 degree of normal axis of rotation. These differences are becuase the things are fluid, and outer core is actually pretty low viscosity, it takes a lot of time to transfer torque and find balance towards equilibrium. Not only that, the outer core also has a magnetic torque and sheer forces, as well due to angular momentum, a differential rotation. So, it is likely the outer core is rotating slightly faster (less than a degree per day) than mantle and surface of the Earth at the Equator, and slightly slower or similar closer to the poles.
@movax20h
@movax20h 6 жыл бұрын
Update: Apparently, it is even more complex! www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130916162005.htm the inner core rotates faster than mantle and surface, but due to reactive forces, this make outer core to rotate actually SLOWER than mantle, thus from the stationary point on the surface, it appears that the outer core is rotating in oposite direction! Fascinating. In the absolute space (lets say from the moon or sun or distant starts perspective), they rotate at similar speeds tho, close to sideral day, which is just few minutes less than 24h.
@bjornmu
@bjornmu 6 жыл бұрын
I'm not talking about the speed of rotation which is rather uninteresting. I meant the *relative* motion of some parts of the liquid relative to other parts. Like e.g . the "speed" of the Golf Stream is measured relative to the surface, not relative to the universe, the latter being quite a meaningless number.
@movax20h
@movax20h 6 жыл бұрын
There are features in the outer core (liquid part), that do reasamble gold stream, and do form jets, but the relative speeds to the mantle and crust are very small. From my quick calculations it is about 1 meter per hour. Slow.
@nikiwiki2006
@nikiwiki2006 5 жыл бұрын
Wei Zhao Triggered much. Someone stoled your puppy. Your haircut is shit. Oh, by the way, we are living in the best of times in human history.
@Scrungge
@Scrungge 2 жыл бұрын
So well explained, hats off.
@Scrungge
@Scrungge 2 жыл бұрын
I love the enthusiasm on him too :)
@purabandmonjulsongson3105
@purabandmonjulsongson3105 3 жыл бұрын
Sir ur first circle was so perfect Thank you sir It helped me
@lunamaria1048
@lunamaria1048 5 жыл бұрын
Nobody knows how Earth generates its magnetic field..... Nobody lol
@mmmk6322
@mmmk6322 5 жыл бұрын
You're not suggesting the earth is flat...?
@Dr.FeelsGood
@Dr.FeelsGood 3 жыл бұрын
@@mmmk6322 how did you infer THAT from what he said, rofl. Nobody knows because no one can fucking actually observe what is going on and test it...it's all a theory based on how we most likely think it is generated based on our limited understanding of what is beneath the mantle..
@pbj4184
@pbj4184 4 жыл бұрын
Before, my question was why does the magnetic field change direction Now, my question is why doesn't it change quickly
@N7492
@N7492 6 жыл бұрын
Excellent, clear explanation! Thanks.
@nikiwiki2006
@nikiwiki2006 5 жыл бұрын
Here’s something for those people that ask questions about the inner core. It explain how we know the composition etc. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_inner_core
@bevanwilson5642
@bevanwilson5642 6 жыл бұрын
When I have been thinking about random stuff I have sometimes wondered how the core can be magnetic when steel and i am assuming iron too when heated above the austinetic point (700deg cent opprox) becomes non magnetic how the core can be magnetic
@JeremyHansPatrick
@JeremyHansPatrick 2 жыл бұрын
The core isn't magentic, its electrically conductive, meaning it can generation induction voltage by the motion of the core turning. This voltage generates a new magnetic field. You are correct in saying it isn't magnetic because the outer core is to warm for there to be magnetically conductive metals.
@DigiPal
@DigiPal 6 жыл бұрын
A question here: how can they be so sure (well, they/he seems to be) that the core elements are what he/they described?
@mikip3242
@mikip3242 4 жыл бұрын
Analysis of the seismic spectra tells how seismic waves propagate in Earth's interior. Sometimes seismic waves get reflected and difracted. By studying many of these waves we are able to localize clumps of different densities inside Earth in 3D. The core is there, the density is so high that it has to be made of Iron, and the seismic waves bounce on it in a very specific way.
@AliAhmad-ew7lh
@AliAhmad-ew7lh 3 жыл бұрын
Even Einstein had not been able to explain it successfully. The Dynamo theory explains it to an extent, yet someone has to explain the increasing angle between the axis of Magnetic poles and the axis of geographical poles.
@manishchhetri
@manishchhetri 3 жыл бұрын
This is one of the best explanations I have heard on the earth’s magnetic field .. here after watching “mars” on Disney .. and how the magnetic field defends earth from the solar winds ..
@reven6e531
@reven6e531 4 жыл бұрын
mans wears his watch with the face facing inward that's how you know hes on another level
@ST-dm3gs
@ST-dm3gs 4 жыл бұрын
That's usually an offshore marine thing. It's so the watch isn't damaged by metal rails that are everywhere.
@hollisatlarge
@hollisatlarge 4 жыл бұрын
I highly encourage viewers to look for different explanations.
@peacelove6817
@peacelove6817 3 жыл бұрын
I am...trying to explain to a child and this was nonsense
@ChetanMayur
@ChetanMayur 2 жыл бұрын
@@peacelove6817 😂
@fazdianafarhanats
@fazdianafarhanats 2 жыл бұрын
He is talking nonsense. Earth is spinning.. Basically, the outer part of Earth is a solid inner part of it liquid with differentials in density, which causes differentials in turning speed eventually created magnetic field similar to dynamo.
@astaghfirullahalzimastaghf3648
@astaghfirullahalzimastaghf3648 2 жыл бұрын
What he really means is that .. Magnetic field of the earth Is coming from the magnetic field of a metal element of the periodic table or the interactions of those metallic elements creates the Earth's magnetic field
@rickevans3959
@rickevans3959 2 жыл бұрын
@@astaghfirullahalzimastaghf3648 some of his facts work some don't liquidity is probably a big nuclear reactor the earth is one big China syndrome
@davidsonmg
@davidsonmg 6 жыл бұрын
Not to scale, but that initial circle Prof. Jon drew was spot on.
@saltlifo5598
@saltlifo5598 2 жыл бұрын
Everytime I try to understand space science, my brain cells keep on shrinking
@sean3533
@sean3533 5 жыл бұрын
Or.... everything he said could be wrong. Planetary magnetic fields are a huge area that is unresolved.
@TheLeontheking
@TheLeontheking 5 жыл бұрын
yes, that fact could have been more highlighted.. i think this is one of our greatest weaknesses, that we want the things we learned to be true. Look at the history.. whenever someone proposed a new concept that broke with establsished thinking, it always took a long while till that new concept even was considered to be true.. scientists have more ego than they generally admit, and more ego than is good for their studies.
@lorenzo20barnes12ahs
@lorenzo20barnes12ahs 5 жыл бұрын
I agree
@IAMSTEVIERAYBITCH
@IAMSTEVIERAYBITCH 5 жыл бұрын
Thank you that's the most truth I read on any of these sites so far. The truth is we don't know it's all speculations. It's very clear the scientist have no idea how a magnet really works if they're going to use it as a Cause at Earth's core.
@MatrixTerraPlana
@MatrixTerraPlana 5 жыл бұрын
Magnetic field is contrary to the rotation of the earth. Pseudoscience is BS
@thecritterguy
@thecritterguy 5 жыл бұрын
Everything he stated is supported by evidence. If you got something better Sean......you're more than free to have it examined by the scientific community.
@jetsshowbruh7617
@jetsshowbruh7617 4 жыл бұрын
Magnets loose their magnetism when heated so we don't know anything really
@moa3810
@moa3810 4 жыл бұрын
Amen
@kekersdev
@kekersdev 4 жыл бұрын
You are kind of right and kind of wrong. Earth's core is not like ordinary permanent magnet so saying it would loose it's magnetic field is incorrect. Although earth would loose it's magnetic field eventually but because of some another reason
@jetsshowbruh7617
@jetsshowbruh7617 4 жыл бұрын
@@kekersdev because of what reason?
@kekersdev
@kekersdev 4 жыл бұрын
@@jetsshowbruh7617 We are not 100% sure how exactly magnetic field is generated but it is definitely related to the movement of liquid metal in the core. This movement happens due to convection between hot core and cold planet' surface so the main reason is core cooldown. The core cools - convection slows down - slower movement in core - weaker MF. After a long time (if nothing special happens) core will completely soludify and MF will be completly gone
@jetsshowbruh7617
@jetsshowbruh7617 4 жыл бұрын
@@kekersdev yeah ok
@TechTins_Projects
@TechTins_Projects 5 жыл бұрын
There is a much easier to understand explanation. Whether it is true or not I don't know. But if you spin an object which consists of hot syrupy molten iron the parts of that iron which are liquid will (although further out from the centre) likely move around the inner core at a different speed to the inner core speed of rotation. The different speeds between these two metals will mean that if the core has been magnetised (maybe in earths early history) then the outer spinning material will make the inner core magnet stronger and a field will be produced. Since the earth is continually spinning this condition remains. That could all be rubbish, but it is the way I have always though about it. But it is great that the system is still very much unknown and unproven. All we have is theories at moment.
@googolnews2781
@googolnews2781 5 жыл бұрын
But earth magnetic field is very weak
@Albylion
@Albylion 6 жыл бұрын
Do magnetic lines of force always form in the same place around a magnet, or are they improvised depending on environmental factors? In other words, will a static magnet of the same strength, oriented in the same way, always have a magnetic line in the same place surrounding it? Or will it move around in "orbit" around the magnet spontaneously?
@tezzeret2000
@tezzeret2000 6 жыл бұрын
How exactly does a magnetic field become “trapped” within a fluid? Is it a bunch of iron electrons that are flipping and moving with the iron?
@tezzeret2000
@tezzeret2000 Жыл бұрын
If anyone's wondering it's just eddy currents -- sea water is conductive and pulls the magnetic field as well.
@Suedocode
@Suedocode 6 жыл бұрын
7:50 "In one direction or the other" Okay, but if they go the other direction, don't they produce currents in the opposite direction? This would net-zero the current and screw the magnetic field. What causes all of the helices to be so predominately in sync?
@ignacevau
@ignacevau Жыл бұрын
Did you find the answer to this, I'm wondering this as well.
@paulneilson6117
@paulneilson6117 5 жыл бұрын
Did you know that there is a charge on the surface of the earth of 1x10^5 coulombs. That many coulombs rotates once every 24 hours. The value obtained is 10 coulombs per second or 10 Amperes. B=(mu0) ni This generates a field that is on the same magnitude of the earth's field.
@nitay2205
@nitay2205 3 жыл бұрын
Seems like your new video about synchronisation could help explaining the organised motion of the helixes!
@hanskrakaur9830
@hanskrakaur9830 5 жыл бұрын
Amazing the way he did a perfect circle,
@DemonDragonGD
@DemonDragonGD 4 жыл бұрын
Hans Krakaur Power if science
@whatthefunction9140
@whatthefunction9140 6 жыл бұрын
how quickly is the core freezing?
@karanbirsingh7884
@karanbirsingh7884 6 жыл бұрын
It'll freeze over in about 91 billion years last I read.
@IIGrayfoxII
@IIGrayfoxII 6 жыл бұрын
in 5,000,000,000 years all life on this planet will be dead. in 7,000,000,000 the sun will become a white dwarf.
@JimGiant
@JimGiant 6 жыл бұрын
1/2 Earth radius - 1/3 Earth radius = 1062km Assuming +Karanbir Singh is correct It will average 1062km per 91 billion years or 1.33 nanometers per hour
@movax20h
@movax20h 6 жыл бұрын
1mm per year. Seriously.
@whatthefunction9140
@whatthefunction9140 6 жыл бұрын
If I was a giant super god I would dust off the earth. and use that solid crystalline core in some cosmic game of marbles.
@AlvinLee007
@AlvinLee007 6 жыл бұрын
If he taught me Physics, I'd fail the course.
@karhukivi
@karhukivi 4 жыл бұрын
The lecturer should have mentioned that this mechanism is a "self-exciting dynamo" of which there are many examples, including most of the electrical generators you need for outdoor work. All that is needed is an electrical conductor to rotate and as it does it generates a tiny current from whatever slight magnetism is present. the current adds to the magnetic field which increases the current and the whole process feeds back into itself until the magnetic permeability of the conductor is saturated.
@moshcustom
@moshcustom 5 жыл бұрын
Interesting, yet I've never seen the heat radiating from the core through the mantle being factored into the calculations regarding global temperatures in the climate models. Also, I didn't catch how a molten iron core can have a solid iron center. But I've often wondered where does the heat at the earth's core come from? And since high temperatures actually cause magnets to lose all magnetic properties, how can it be creating the earth's magnetism? Considering the deepest hole ever dug by man goes only as far as 8 miles, how are we able to extrapolate the composition of the core? Wouldn't we see much larger amounts of iron in volcano lava and magma? Not trying to be a smart ass, just curious....
@goosee7776
@goosee7776 2 жыл бұрын
That's Incorrect unfortunately" cat laughing at how many people thought this was true in the comments" ok folks the planets energy field come's from the suns powerful electron dencity and x rays pass into the earth at its poles' and produce fusion in the center. it's a two part reaction this fusion creates an electron loop or electromagnetic field is a modality" via it's circular magnetic physical property's" a iron, nickle shell" exc,,,this also makes it's spin or rotate itself'' one energy flows counter clockwise from the sun" the em field flows out counter clockwise I believe'... its not a ball lava that's impossible we would be melted by the mass of the heat squared mc_2,,, to what a 5 thousand mile across peace of hot cole would do floating around in outer space ummm no" it's empty after 450 miles debts ish" alot of watter some other things' I can't say" olny fusion "a small star" in the center with not alot of gravity probley near it...so there's acculy nothing there a real bright blueish light, but still not vary hot no...but nice try guy'' however liquid mettal can make a magnetic field yes', but no" there's probably none of that down there, you see especially near all magnetic centurfugal divergence" is a zero point" so there's no gravity to hold any rotating element together so such' Instine was still great tho' thank you lady's and gentlemen," a house cat walks off stage...
@janhemmer8181
@janhemmer8181 5 жыл бұрын
The iron in the core is not magnetic because of the curie temperature. The theory here is based on its conductive properties. But the simple fact that no experimental setup with all varieties of rotating conductors has been able to create or even enhance a magnetic field, tells me that there is no understanding of planetary magnetic fields. Just admit that for once, please. The same lack of understanding goes for the phenomenon of differential rotation in planetary bodies and stars. Perhaps the two questions are connected?
@ronyvernet
@ronyvernet 4 жыл бұрын
We have high temperatures but also high pressures and a huge radial speed. With all this high energy involved many things can occur.
@jorgemarkvincentgabriel9204
@jorgemarkvincentgabriel9204 4 жыл бұрын
It's so hot today so I was worried, and the sun gets hotter everyday. I was thinking if one day the earth's magnetic field wouldn't be enough to protect us from solar flares, and if we could create artificial magnetic field.
@abinothayyilsanoj4182
@abinothayyilsanoj4182 4 жыл бұрын
Before that happens we would either be extinct or gone to another solar system
@dedskin1
@dedskin1 5 жыл бұрын
How Earth creates its magnetic field ? Draws few lines on board , here is magnetic field . Oh , you dont say .
@iammattbarker
@iammattbarker 6 жыл бұрын
But did he answer your question about where the initial field comes from?!
@calinculianu
@calinculianu 6 жыл бұрын
No, he did not. You know why? Because this professor sucks at explaining. He just likes to hear the sound of his own voice and to finish his diatribe undisturbed. He majorly pissed me off when he didn't stop to explain where the initial field comes from. He sucks.
@movax20h
@movax20h 6 жыл бұрын
Because the question is actually stupid, and explaining it would involve a lot of math and physics that is not related to the topic. Just take a look at defintion of unstable state, or take a look chaos theory, or instability, positive feedback mechanisms, spontanous symetry breaking, initial condition sensitivity, opamps, turbulence, convection, etc. In the esence, the initial field can be arbitrarly small, so small, that it is not possible to make it smaller in practice (space is always filled with some field, fields and matter and current fluctuations). That is enough to provide initial field, and eventually be huge field. From mathematical point of view it is like asking why it is raining today or not.
@mrjbexample
@mrjbexample 6 жыл бұрын
The Earth has small variations in current throughout its entire mass. These might come from reactions between elements, friction, or radioactive decay. The tiny currents have their own tiny magnetic fields, which get twisted and shifted by the turbulent flow in the Earth's outer core. Moving a magnetic field creates a current (Faraday's Law), so it becomes a larger current than the initial one, which in turn creates a stronger magnetic field, and so on. Normally there isn't a positive feedback loop, but the natural convection and 'sulfur' plumes are driving the whole process, converting their kinetic energy into magnetic/electric.
@Markle2k
@Markle2k 6 жыл бұрын
+movax20h Also, the answer is in the companion video on the primary channel that was released a day after this one. Derek erred on the side of dramatic suspense.
@calinculianu
@calinculianu 6 жыл бұрын
> movax20h1 day ago (edited) "Because the question is actually stupid, " The question is not stupid. This is a layman science video. STFU and GTFO with your elitist "is stupid" bullshit. There is no such thing as a stupid question. And lots of people were asking themselves that. You're stupid.
@aurelia8028
@aurelia8028 6 жыл бұрын
8:40 Finally something Einstein wasn't right about. How refreshing!
@shahinasudheer8404
@shahinasudheer8404 3 ай бұрын
There was something else he got wrong too. Introducing cosmological constant in a static model of universe. More refreshing lol
@MajinErick
@MajinErick 4 жыл бұрын
So...side thought: If I need to build a new magnetic field so that I can survive on Mars, I would need to build a new and stable convection process at the core? If so...then I'll stay here.
@orikakuli
@orikakuli 3 жыл бұрын
you see: earth magnetic field i see: picasso art
@levelwithz3779
@levelwithz3779 5 жыл бұрын
More turds dropped in this video than my dog drops in my yard.
@DA-bm2mj
@DA-bm2mj 6 жыл бұрын
I didn't get how he moved from the cooling Earth to the magnetic field at 04:14
@abrahambarker6639
@abrahambarker6639 6 жыл бұрын
Very sophisticated!
@cinnion
@cinnion 6 жыл бұрын
OK... I have seen a number of folks bring up questions like molten iron not being magnetic, where did the Earth's initial magnetic field come from, and where did the Sun's magnetic field come from. Here is a quick rundown. Magnetism comes from the alignment of atoms which have a magnetic dipole of their own forming crystals, with them all pointing in the same direction. Iron, even before it melts, loses any permanent magnetism when it is heated above a temperature referred to as the Curie point. For iron, this temperature is 1048°K, compared with the melting point of 1811°K. This is because the motion of the individual atoms reaches a point where a phase transition occurs and they can then randomize their orientation as they vibrate. Indeed, this is true of across all of the magnetic materials... if you take something which is magnetic and heat it above a certain temperature (which is always well below the melting point), it will lose some, if not all of its permanent magnetism. But, the same mobility which allows the movement which leads to the loss of the magnetism also makes it possible to more easily apply an external electromagnetic force, which if maintained while cooling below the Curie Point, can result in a permanent magnetic field. Now, remember that magnetic fields induce currents and currents induce magnetic fields of their own. And it is possible to have these sustain one another, and even amplify from a small initial level to something far larger. And this means that even small internal electrical currents could build to what we have today, or with chaotic turbulence it could cause a flip. Likewise, the Earth is subjected to a magnetic field generated by the Sun, which right now is running about 5 to 6nT (nanoTesla) opposite of the Earth's magnetic field. This in turn will induce currents in the outer core, creating anomalies, which may either die out or be reinforced in the long run. There are also magnetic fields beyond those of the Earth and Sun, such as the galaxy itself. With the Sun, the mechanism is slightly different, given that we are not talking about normal matter like most of us are used to where electrons are predominantly bound to atomic nuclei, and are instead dealing with a situation where all the electrons have been stripped off the atoms, the flow of the material actually becomes an electrical current, which then can generate magnetic fields all the easier, and end up forming the self-reinforcing process. We also know that there can be localized anomalies (such as those around sunspots), and on a regular basis of roughly 11 years, it flips to the opposite polarity. The mechanisms involved in this are also thought to be part of the phenomena which has made fusion reactors so difficult to build with a high Q factor.
@donghooncha6399
@donghooncha6399 6 жыл бұрын
Much better
@derek
@derek 6 жыл бұрын
glad we got that worked out! Thanks for your patience
@donghooncha6399
@donghooncha6399 6 жыл бұрын
When the first video came out, i only had my right earphone plugged i thought it was about master volume lol
@donghooncha6399
@donghooncha6399 6 жыл бұрын
Thank you for your reply and all of your highly educational videos!
@omri9325
@omri9325 6 жыл бұрын
Dejavu.
@derek
@derek 6 жыл бұрын
but not dejaentendu
@tjoms182
@tjoms182 6 жыл бұрын
I've just been in this place before
@professoroak3411
@professoroak3411 6 жыл бұрын
Lordious I'm back
@maracachucho8701
@maracachucho8701 6 жыл бұрын
Higher on the streets
@edthoreum7625
@edthoreum7625 6 жыл бұрын
seen the black cat again?
@izzate7
@izzate7 3 жыл бұрын
I wish there was more talk about the interplay between electromagnetism and how iron behaves magnetically even when past the Curie point. That’s what I’m struggling to understand.
@adityavikram6077
@adityavikram6077 2 жыл бұрын
Where can i find more videos explained by this professor
@MatkatMusic
@MatkatMusic 6 жыл бұрын
What about all of those youtube videos of people seeing if liquid iron is still magnetic? (it's not). Wouldn't the iron that moves outward from the solid center lose its magnetic field when transitioning from solid to liquid?
@raykent3211
@raykent3211 6 жыл бұрын
Matkat Music copper is not magnetic but a current flowing through it produces a magnetic field. This explanation relies on the fact that a current flowing through a conductor (copper, aluminium, iron.....) produces a magnetic field without any need for the material being permanently magnetisable. If the core stopped spinning the earth's magnetic field would pretty much vanish, apart from some stuff in the crust such as lodestone.
@Q_QQ_Q
@Q_QQ_Q 6 жыл бұрын
If earth gets it magnetic field due to iron core and liquid fermi stuff in core then how does gas giants like Jupitar and saturn have magnetic fields ?
@SebastianScholle
@SebastianScholle 6 жыл бұрын
Google the electric universe. you will find many answers
@Markle2k
@Markle2k 6 жыл бұрын
+Sebastian Scholle Many mutually exclusive answers that conflict with the evidence and no solutions.
@alejandrinos
@alejandrinos 6 жыл бұрын
The gas giants have solid cores.
@BCElginTex
@BCElginTex 6 жыл бұрын
LOL. He never answered the most important question that all of the rest relies upon. Where did the Earth acquire its original magnetic field? Spinning electrons through a electrically conductive material? ... from the Sun? Where does the Sun's magnetic field originate?
@waleedahmed6000
@waleedahmed6000 6 жыл бұрын
BC ElginTex Bro look at the title. It's only talking about how the Earth creates its magnetic field.
@xMckingwill
@xMckingwill 6 жыл бұрын
Those magnetic field are produced by spinning or moving electron but do no not require an electrically conductive material in addition electrons are always in motion.
@movax20h
@movax20h 6 жыл бұрын
The is the entire point of liquid dynamo theory. It doesn't have to have any original magnetic field to start up the process. Any minor deviation in magnetic field (which is natural in space, or any space non uniform medium), would end up in amplification of magnetic field, and steady state being the same in similar time. Sure, something like Sun, or faster spin rate long time ago, would speed up the dynamo process, but by not much. It is not a main source of anything. It would work even in empty space and is basically independent of the initial magnetic field.
@BCElginTex
@BCElginTex 6 жыл бұрын
Okay. That makes sense. The problem I had was he kept suggesting that the inner core was already a magnet. A magnet doesn't just exist. A magnet is created by ferrous material being acted upon by a magnetic field. A magnetic field can be created by electrical current. So an electrical current running in proximity to a ferrous material (like our solid iron inner core) can magnetize the core. I just didn't get how the electric current was being created in this scenario as he was explaining it.
@movax20h
@movax20h 6 жыл бұрын
He is using a common technique from mathemathics and theoretical physics, where you look at system close to equilibrium and look why it is stable and how forces react when you push system out of the equilibrium stabilising it. If this can be shown, then it almost certainly is the correct mechanism. Physicists do that because, they very often assume (and we know the earth magnetic field was present for very long time in the current form), that the system is already at equilibrium, and there was A LOT of time passed for the system to reach equlibrium, or enough chaos for the various initial condition to have no real consequences anymore, that they make a jump, and skip explanation of initial conditions. It is so common and natural and obvious to people in many branches of physics and astronomy, that physicists, basically do that unconciously. It is also a part of speculative exploration in science: do not care how we get here, lets see, if the mechanism can explain that we are still here, and not somewhere else instead tommorow.
@PaulHigginbothamSr
@PaulHigginbothamSr 3 жыл бұрын
So 40 years ago I learned how the magnetic field of earth was formed. As this guy says it is metal movement that sustains the field. It is outside the solid core in the liquid portion of the high iron and other elements that the action occurs. This movement is the field generator. Even though this guy says 500 million years for the turnover of the rising plume this is so much material moving in the magnetic field. So a conductor moving in a magnetic field, so a generator. This generator also supplies voltage that is shorted in the lower mantle that also slightly enhances plumes of heat from radioactivity that primarily supplies hot mantle plumes.
@hajorm.a3474
@hajorm.a3474 5 жыл бұрын
How can we have a magnetic field when the core is extremely hot ???
@mathiasfantoni2458
@mathiasfantoni2458 3 жыл бұрын
7:14 is where he explains the actual origin of the earth’s magnetic field, if anyone should wonder. Fluid leaves the solid core, and because it contracts the way it does when leaving the surface of the solid core, it picks up angular velocity. You now have lines coming out perpendicular to the surface of the core, and these lines are spinning, so generating small field lines. And the entire earth is also completing a rotation once every day, so these field lines are being dragged around the core in helices with the earth’s rotation. The helices experience turbulence, because they’re fluid, breaking up their perfection, inducing small currents that may fortunately happen to line up with each other to form enormous electric loops that, in turn, induce our protective magnetosphere - or more suiting, magneto…doughnut? ;)
@dr.davidbannerf.e.s.6217
@dr.davidbannerf.e.s.6217 5 жыл бұрын
There are absolutely no magnetic fields in super hot liquid metal...quite the opposite. These areas of Earth are where the magnetic field of the Earth is DESTROYED. That's why flying over volcanic areas diminishes the effects of your compass, and it might stop working altogether if you ask the pilot to take you in closer. And if you were to fly over a volcano, and drop a 10pound Nimh grade 40 Nib bar magnet into the mouth of the volcano, that bar magnet wouldn't even stick to a refrigerator seconds later...The Heat of the Volcano would destroy that bar magnet's properties in a HEARTBEAT> I guess I need to be teaching at UCLA instead of this clown....Because even I know the basics of magnetism, and I am just an old skool skater. This problem of heat destroying a magnetic field is also more than likely the actual cause of crashes in and around the Bermuda Triangle Area....I believe that whole area is riddled with Volcanoes, and yes your compass would go haywire because those volcanoes destroy magnetic fields, and therefore would make your compass not function properly while flying over those areas. Just sayin. I could also teach everyone how to gain acceleration and torque using solid magnets...and show everyone how to keep them cool so they retain their power during the run cycles. But I guess kids these days would rather hear about Lava flow and crustal friction making a magnet in the oven of the Earth...Wow!
@pacthegreatest
@pacthegreatest 5 жыл бұрын
i know nothing about magnets but you must be right because the magnetic poles are in the coldest places of the earth. can you explain in a simple way. thank you
@dr.davidbannerf.e.s.6217
@dr.davidbannerf.e.s.6217 5 жыл бұрын
@@pacthegreatest Ok, there's a couple of ways to look at it....Let's say we apply heat to get grease off of a pan using dishwashing liquid....Bingo we "loosened the bond" the grease had on the pan's surface...whereas cold water didn't loosen it as much. Or....we could look at it from strictly a movement perspective...like in the way that if something is frozen it stays the way it is...with very little movement...versus heating it up, excites it, loosens it, stops it from staying the way it is...it will melt down in fact if we keep going hotter. So this would destroy the magnets ability to keep or maintain itself....Staying the way it is, and not being excited, moving faster, loosening up, and eventually losing all bonds that hold them together until the magnet is melted completely and becomes it's base elements of nickel, iron, and boron. I suppose you could say that heat loosens the bonds these three metals or materials have between each other in set patterns forming the pole of the magnet...whereas even passing heat close to the magnet will dissipate it's field in that area...until the magnet itself heats up, and the bonds which created that shape of field and pattern start to change and that's when it's no longer a magnet. So a better explanation for the situation of the Earth is that magnetic layer deep under the ground is below the lava layer somehow, and those areas where the lava comes to the surface, are areas where we experience the magnetic field of the area below the lava being disrupted. This would explain airplane crashes in the ocean around the ring of fire, or where a lot of volcanoes are located....The lava is destroying the magnetic field coming from below, making the field strength below be weaker in that area for our instruments, and they give false readings and pilots accidentally crash the plane.
@pacthegreatest
@pacthegreatest 5 жыл бұрын
@@dr.davidbannerf.e.s.6217 thank you for your time. I will read more about it. I will contact you in the near future to discuss this fascinating phenomenon.
@bubblegum-iz8zu
@bubblegum-iz8zu 3 жыл бұрын
I don’t see how the distortion of the plane’s radar can cause it to crash. The altitude of the plane is way above mountains and the radar system isn’t what’s controlling or keeping the motor from running, the radar system is magnetic and for navigating while the motor is mechanic and is irrelevant to the radar system or magnetism.
@PANZER7910
@PANZER7910 5 жыл бұрын
His way of explaining is like showing off his birthday present
@narzedzia-ai
@narzedzia-ai 4 жыл бұрын
I've heard theories that since the magnet at the center of the earth is so powerful it actually captures the "liquid lava" part and holds it still or moving at much less liquid rate than assumed.
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