Su=water /水 (Suv)=fluent-flowing Suvu> Sıvı=fluid, liquid Suv-up =liquefied (~soup) Suv-mak= to make it flow onwards or upwards (>sıvamak) Suy-mak= to make it flow over Süv-mek= to make it flow inwards Sür-mek= to make it flow ON something Sur-up(şurup)=syrup / Suruppah(chorba)=soup /Suruppat(şerbet)=sorbet /meşrubat=beverage /şarap=wine Süp-mek= to make it flow outwards / Süp-der-mek>süptürmek>süpürmek=to sweep Say-mak= to make it flow drop by drop (one by one from the mind) = ~ to count ~ to deem (sayı=number) (bilgisayar=computer) Söy-mek= to make it flow from the mind / Söy-le-mek= to make the sentences flowing through the mind = to say, ~to tell Sev-mek= to make it flow(pour) from the mind to the heart = to love Söv-mek=to say whatever's on own mind (~call names) Süy-mek= to make it flow through (Süyüt> süt= milk) Soy-mak= to make it flow over it/him/her ( to peel, ~to strip, ~to rob ) (Suy-en-mak)>soyunmak=to undress (Suy-der-mak)>sıyırmak= ~skinning , ~skimming Siy-mek= to make it flow downwards / to pee Siyitik>sidik= urine Sağ-mak= ~to make it pour down (Sağanak=downpour) Sağ-en-mak>sağınmak= ~to spill it from thought into emotions> ~longing Sağn-mak>San-mak= ~to pour from thought to idea (to arrive at a guess) Sav-mak= ~to make it pour outward (2.>put forward /set forth in) (sağan)=Sahan=the container to pour water (Sav-en-mak)>savunmak=to defend (Sav-en-al-mak)>savunulmak=to get being defended (Sav-eş-mak)1.savaşmak=to pour blood / to shed each other's blood (savaş= war) 2.savuşmak=to get spilled around (altogether/downright)> sıvışmak=~running away in fear Soğ-mak= to penetrate through Soğ-der-mak>soğurmak=~ make it spread inside Sok-mak= ~to put/take it (by forcing) inward Sök-mek= ~take/put it (by forcing) outward (~unstitch) Sık-mak = ~to squeeze /tighten (Sıkı= stringent) Sığ-mak= ~fit inside Süz-mek=~to make it lightly flow from up to downwards (~to filter, strain out) Sez-mek=~to make it lightly flow into the mind (~to perceive, to intuit) Sız-mak=~to get flowed slightly/slowly (~to infiltrate) Sun-mak=to extend forwards (presentation, exhibition, to serve up) Sün-mek=to expand reaching outwards (sünger=sponge) Sın-mak=to reach by extending upwards or forwards Sin-mek=to shrink (oneself) by getting down or back (to lurk, to hide onself) Sön-mek=to get decreased by getting out or in oneself (to be extinguished) mak/mek>(emek)=exertion /process al =get et= make en=own diameter eş=partner Tan= the dawn /旦 Tanımak= to recognize (~to get the differences of) Tanılamak=tanı-la-mak= diagnose /to identify Tanınmak = tanı-en-mak= to be known Tanıtmak = tanı-et-mak=to make it to be known /to introduce Tanışmak=tanı-eş-mak= to get to know each other =(to meet first time) Danışmak= to get information through each other Tıŋı= the tune (timbre) /调 /ட்யூன் Tıŋ-mak=to react verbally Tıŋı-la-mak= to get the sound out >(Tınlamak=~reacting /answering /~to take heed of) Tiŋ-mek=to get at the silence >(Dinmek= to calm down / to get quiescent Tiŋi-le-mek=to get the sound in >(Dinlemek= to listen / 听) Çığ (chiuv) = snowslide / 雪崩 Çığ-ur-mak =çığırmak= ~to scream / ~to sing shouting Çığırı > Jigir > Shuir> Şiir = Poetry / 诗歌 Cır-la-mak > Jırlamak > to squeal / shouting by crying with a shrill noise Çığırgı > Jırgı> Shuirgı> Şarkı = Song / 曲子 Çağ-ur-mak =çağırmak= calling - inviting / 称呼 / 邀请 Çağrı = Calling / 称呼 Uç > ~up-side (endpoint) (o-bir-uç=burç=extreme point= bourge) / tepe=~top-point (Uç-mak)= to fly (Uç-a-var)= Uçar=it flies (has a chance to fly / arrives by flying) (Uç-ma-bas)= uçmaz= doesn't fly (~gives up flying / doesn't bother to fly) (Uç-der-ma-bas)=(uçturmaz)=uçurmaz= doesn't fly it (doesn't make it fly) (Uç-eş-ma-bas)=uçuşmaz= doesn't (all)together fly (Uç-al-ma-bas)=uçulmaz= no one has gotten to fly /~no one's allowed to fly Der-mek= (~to provide) to set the layout by bringing together (der-le-mek= to compile) Dar-mak= to bring into a different order by disrupting the old (thara-mak=to comb) Dur-mak= to keep being present/there (~to survive/ ~to remain) (thuror>thor =permanent /he’s thuror>hıdır>hızır=existent=green man) Dur-der-mak> durdurmak= ~to stop Dür-mek= to roll it up (to make it become a roll) Dör-mek= to rotate on its axis ( Thörmek>old meaning)- to stir /to mix (current meaning) (döngü)törüş/törüv=tour (törüv-çi / törüv-giş=tourist / thörük halk=mixed people among themself (Thöre-mek)>türemek= to get created a new layout/form by coming together in the same medium (tür= kind / type) Töre=the order established over time= custom/tradition > (torah=sacred order) (tarih=history) Thör-et-mek=türetmek= to create a new layout by adding in each other= to derive Thör-en-mek>dörünmek= to rotate oneself /(2. to turn by oneself) Thör-en-mek>>dörn-mek>Dönmek= to turn oneself (Dön-der-mek)>döndürmek= to turn something (Dön-eş-mek)>dönüşmek= to turn (altogether) to something (Dön-eş-der-mek)>dönüştürmek= to convert/ to transform Eğ-mek=to turn something the other way or to a curved shape> eğmek= to tilt/ to bend Eğ-al-mek=Eğilmek=to get being inclined/ to be bent over Eğ-et-mek=Eğitmek=to educate Eğir-mek=to make it turn to something or turn around itself by bending it =~ to spin Evir-mek=to make it turn upside or turn up in other way at a specified time =~to invert / to make something gets evolved Eğir-al-mek=Eğrilmek= to become a skew / to become twisted Evir-al-mek=Evrilmek= to get a conversion/transformation over time (evrim=evolution evren=universe) Uğra-mak= to get (at) a place or a situation for a specified time> uğramak= drop by/ stop by Uğra-eş-mak=to stop altogether by into each other for a specified time> uğraşmak=to strive/ to deal with Uğra-et-mak= uğratmak = to put in a situation (for a specific time) Öğre-mek=to get (at) a status or a level within a certain time Öğre-en-mek=to get (at) a knowledge or a knowledge level at a certain time> öğrenmek= to learn Öğre-et-mek=to make someone get (at) a knowledge - level (at a certain time)= to teach Türkçe öğretiyorum =I am teaching turkish İngilizce öğreniyorsun = You are learning english Öğreniyorum = I am learning Öğreniyordum = I was learning Öğreniyormuşum=I heard/realized that I was learning Öğrenmekteyim=I have been learning / I am in (the process of) learning Öğrenmekteydim=I had been learning / I was in (the process of) learning Öğrenmekteymişim=I heard/noticed that I had been learning Öğrenirim = I get to learn ( ~ I learn henceforth) Öğrenirdim= ~I used to learn / I would learn (~I‘d get (a chance) to learn ) Öğrenirmişim=I heard/noticed that I would be learning ( I realized I’ve got (a chance) to learn) Öğreneceğim= I will learn Öğrenecektim= I would gonna learn (I would learn) Öğrenecekmişim=I heard/ realized that I would have to learn Öğrendim = I learned Öğrenmiştim= I had learned Öğrenmiş oldum (öğrenmiş durumdayım)= I have learned Öğrendiydim= I remember having learned Öğrenmişim =I noticed that I've learned Öğrendiymişim=I heard that I learned -but if what I heard is true Öğrenmişmişim=I heard that I've learned -but what I heard didn't sound very convincing Öğreniyorumdur =I guess/likely I am learning Öğreniyordurum =I think/likely I was trying to learn Öğreniyormuşumdur=As if I was probably learning Öğreneceğimdir= I think that I will probably learn Öğrenecektirim=I guess/likely I would gonna learn Öğrenecekmişimdir=As if I would probably have to learn Öğrenecekmiştirim=Seems that I would probably be learned Öğrenmişimdir = I think that I have probably learned Öğrenmiştirim= I guess/likely I had learned 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰

29+ tenses in turkish language Anatolian Turkish verb conjugations A= To (towards /~for) (for words with a thick vowel in the last syllable) E= To (towards /~for) (for words with a thin vowel in the last syllable) Okul=School U=(ou)=it’s (that)>(I /U /i /ü=~it’s about) Git=Go Mak/Mek (emek)=exertion /process Git-mek=(verb)= to Go (the process of going= getmek =to get there) Gel-mek= to Come 1 .present continuous tense (right now or soon, now on or later, currently or nowadays) Used to explain the current actions or planned events (for the specified times) YOR-mak =to tire ( to try , to be busy) >Yor=~go over it (yorgunum=I’m tired) A/E Yormak=(to arrive at any opinion over what it is) I/U Yormak=(to arrive wholly over it) used as the suffix=” ı/u - i/ü + Yor" positive Okula gidiyorsun ( you are going to school)= Okul-a Git-i-Yor-u-Sen >School-to Go-to-Try that-You < (please read backwards) Evden geliyorum ( I'm coming from home) = Ev-de-en Gel-i-yor-u-Men >(from Home I’ try to Come) =Come-to-try that-Me Home-at-then< negative A)..Mã= Not B)Değil= it's not (the equivalent of) examples A: Okula gitmiyorsun ( you’re not going to school)= Okul-a Git-Mã-i-yor-u-Sen >You don't try to Go to school B: Okula gidiyor değilsin ( you aren’t going to school)=Okul-a Git-i-yor değil-sen >You aren't try..to Go to School Question sentence: Mã-u =Not-it =(is) Not it? Used as the suffixes =" Mı / Mu / Mi / Mü “ Okula mı gidiyorsun? ( Are you going to school )= Okul-a Mã-u Git-i-yor-u-sen? (To-school/ Not-it / You-try-to-go)(Are you going towards the school or somewhere else?) Okula gidiyor musun? ( Do you go to school )= Okul-a Git-i-yor Mã-u-sen ? (To school /Try-to-go /Not-it-you)(~You try to go to school (now) or not ?) (~Do you go to school ? (at some specific times) Okula sen mi gidiyorsun ? (Are (only) you that going to school?) 2 .simple extensive tense ( it's used to explain our own thoughts about the topic) (always, since long.., for a long time, sometimes, right now, soon or later /gets a chance/ it's possible/ inshallah ) positive VAR-mak = to arrive -at (to attain) (var= ~have got) used as the suffixes >"Ar-ır-ur" (for bold vowel) ER-mek= to get -at (to reach) (er= ~become got) used as the suffixes >"Er-ir-ür" (for thin vowel) examples Okula gidersin ( You get to go to school)= Okul-a Git-e-er-sen > You become got (a chance) to go to school Kuşlar gökyüzünde uçar (lar) (~ Birds fly in the sky )=Kuş-lar gökyüzü-n’de uç-a-var(u-lar)= The birds have got (an opportunity) to fly in the sky/ ~ Birds arrive flying in the sky Bunu görebilirler = (They can see this) = Bu-n’u Gör-e-Bil-e-er-ler =(They-get-to-Know-to-See this-what’s)>They get (at) the knowledge to see what this is Question sentence: in interrogative sentences it means : what do you think about this topic?/ is not it so? Okula gider misin? (Do you get to go to school ?)= Okul-a Git-e-er Mã-u-Sen >~You get to Go to School -is Not it?=~What about you getting to go to school Okula mı gidersin? =Do you get to go to school or somewhere else ? negative Bas-mak =to dwell on/ to tread on (bas git= ~leave and go > pas geç=pass by> vaz geç=give up Ez-mek = to crush (ez geç= think nothing about > es geç=skip/ quit thinking about) Mã= Not the suffix ="MAZ" Ma-bas=(No pass)=Na pas=(not to dwell on)>(to give up) (for bold vowel) the suffix ="MEZ" Mã-ez= (No crush) =does not>(to skip) (for thin vowel) examples Okula gitmezsin (you don't/ won't go to school)= Okul-a Git-mã-ez-sen > you skip of going to school Babam bunu yapmaz (my dad doesn't do this)= Baba-m bu-n’u yap-ma-bas > my dad doesn't dwell into doing this Niçün bunlara da bakmazsınız =Why don't you look at these too =Ne-u-çün bu-n’lar-a da bak-ma-bas-sen-iz (2. plural)> what-that-factor you give up looking at these too 3.simple future tense (soon or later) Used to describe events that we are aiming for or think are in the future Çak-mak =~to fasten , ~to tack, ~to keep beside (for thick vowel) Çek-mek=~to attract , ~to pull ,~to feel inside , ~to take along, ~to want / to will (for thin vowel) can be pronounced as a/ı/u+ jeok or e/i/ü+ jaek in spoken language positive.. Okula gideceksin ( you'll go to school)= Okul-a Git-e-çek-sen (~You fetch/take (in mind)-to-Go to school) Ali kapıyı açacak ( Ali is gonna open the door)= Ali Kapı-y-ı Aç-a-çak (~Ali wants/takes to open the door) negative A. Okula gitmeyeceksin (you won't go to school)= Okul-a Git-mã-e-çek-sen (~you don't keep/take (in mind) to go to school) B. Okula gidecek değilsin (you aren't gonna go to school)= Okul-a Git-e-çek değil-sen >~you're not (wanting/wanted) to go to school 4 . simple past tense (currently or before) Used to explain the completed events we're sure about Di = now on (anymore) Di-mek(demek) = ~ to deem , ~ to mean, ~ to think this way Used as the suffixes= (Dı /Di /Du/ Dü - Tı /Ti /Tu /Tü) positive Okula gittin = You went to school = Okul-a Git-di-N Dün İstanbul'da kaldım= I stayed in Istanbul yesterday Okula gittin mi ? (Did you go to school ?)= Okul-a Git-di-n Mã-u?> You went to school or not? negative Okula gitmedin =You didn't go to school / Okul-a Git-mã-di-N Bugün pazara gitmediler mi? =Didn't they go to the (open public) market today? Dün çarşıya mı gittiniz? =Where did you go yesterday, to the (covered public) market? Bu akşam bakkala (markete) gittik mi?= Did we go to the grocery store in this evening? 5 .narrative past tense- (just now or before) Used to explain the completed events that we're unsure of MUŞ-mak = ~ to inform (muşu=inform /notice> muşuş/mesaj=message /muştu=müjde=evangel) that means -I've been informed/ I heard and learnt that/ I saw and realized that/ I've noticed that/ or it seems such (to me) used as the suffixes= (Mış/ Muş - Miş/ Müş) positive Okula gitmişsin= I heard that you went to school> Okul-a Git-miş-u-sen Yanlış yapmışım=~I noticed I made something wrong >Yaŋlış Yap-muş-u-men Okula gitmiş durumdasın=You've gone to school Yanılmışım=(got it) I'm fallen in a mistake negative A. Okula gitmemişsin (I’ve learned> you didn't go to school)= Okul-a Git-mã-miş-sen (I heard you' haven’t gone to school) B. Okula gitmiş değilsin =(You haven't been to school) Okul-a Git--miş değil-sen in a question sentence it means: Do you have any inform about- have you heard- are you aware -does it look like this? İbrahim bugün okula gitmiş mi? =Have you heard / did Abraham go to school today? 6.Okula varmak üzeresin =You're about to arrive at school 7.Okula gitmektesin (You're in (process of) going to school)= ~you’ve been going to school 8.Okula gitmekteydin =~You had been going to school /Okula gidiyor olmaktaydın 9.Okula gitmekteymişsin =I learned/heard >you've been going to school 10.Okula gidiyordun (Okula git-i-yor er-di-n) = You were going to school 11.Okula gidiyormuşsun (Okula git-i-yor er-miş-sen)= I heard that you are going to school > I learned you were going to school 12.Okula gidiyor olacaksın (Okula git-i-yor ol-a-çak-sen)= You will be going to school 13.Okula gitmekte olacaksın (Okula git-mek-de ol-a-çak-sen)= You will have been going to school 14.Okula gitmiş olacaksın (Okula git-miş ol-a-çak-sen)= You will have gone to school 15.Okula gidecektin (Okula git-e-çek er-di-n)(You would gonna go to school) (~You would go to school )(Said you or I had thought you'll be going to school) 16.Okula gidecekmişsin (Okula git-e-çek ermişsen)=I learned you'll go to school>I heard that you'd like to go to school 17.Okula giderdin ( Okula git-e-er erdin)=You used to go to school bf >~You would go to school 18.Okula gidermişsin ( Okula git-e-er ermişsen)=I heard that you used to go to school> I realized that you'd get to go to school 19.Okula gittiydin ( Okula git-di erdin)= I had seen you went to school >I remember you had gone to school 20.Okula gitdiymişsin = I heard you went to school -but if what I heard is true 21.Okula gitmişmişsin = I heard you've been to school -but what I heard didn't sound very convincing 22.Okula gitmiştin (Okula git-miş er-di-n)= you had gone to school 23.Okula gitmiş oldun (Okula git-miş ol-du-n)= you have been to school Dur-mak=to keep to be present/there = ~to remain Durur=remains to exist used as the suffixes=(Dır- dir- dur- dür / Tır- tir-tur-tür) It's often used in correspondences and literary language its meaning in official conversations= keeps going like this Bu Bir Elma = This is an apple Bu bir elmadır= (bu bir elma-durur)= This is an apple (and keeps to be such) Bu Bir Kitap = This is a book Bu bir kitaptır= (bu bir kitap-durur)= This is a book (and keeps to be such) informal meaning in everyday conversations=(I think /looks so /probably) Bu bir elmadır= (bu bir elma-durur)= remaining in my mind/ I think> this is an apple Bu bir kitaptır= (bu bir kitap-durur)= this is a book (it seems so) Bu bir elma gibi duruyor=(looks like an apple this is )>This looks like an apple Bu bir kitap gibi duruyor=This looks like a book 24.Okula gidiyordursun =(guess>likely-You were going to school 25.Okula gidiyorsundur =(I think> you are going to school 26.Okula gidecektirsin =(guess>likely- You would (gonna) go to school 27.Okula gideceksindir=(I think> You'll go to school 28.Okula gitmiştirsin =(guess >likely- You had gone to school 29.Okula gitmişsindir =(I think> You've been to school

I feel pinying closer to Spanish than English

What would you recommend as the best way for someone to learn to UNDERSTAND Chinese without wanting to learn to speak or write Chinese. I really enjoy Chinese dramas but many don't have subtitles, so would like to learn to understand the language. But the various teaching methods (like italki, duolingo etc) also want you to learn to speak Chinese, I don't have the need and my language abilities aren't great anyway (I can generally understand others in a language but I don't do well trying to speak in other languages, and I've tried). Any suggestions for a channel/app whatever that would be of use, greatly appreciated.

@@ABC1701A I'll be honest, it takes a higher language level to understand historical drama... modern? much easier. I don't think I know of any program that would only teach you listening. There are some YT channels like "Mandarin Corner" or "Mandarin Click" that have slow listening practice. You can check them out!

Nada. XGP refers to Xbox Game Pass and they all know it.

Do you support the ccp?

Plot twist: they play e barbs and electro giant

XGP actually stands for Xbox Game Pass. The rest is 100% right.

@@idc4379 Yes.

wow i didnt know that but it makes sense! so thats why you write 他们 to say everyone

I still often use 他 for both genders

This took some getting used to reading 金瓶梅

Thanks for sharing that! I've always wondered why kind of unexpectedly a lot of Chinese people I know tend to mix up "he" and "she" in English even though there are technically two words for it in Chinese. Knowing that, it makes a lot more sense!

sweden has intrudes a gender neutral word for both genders the recent years "hen" which for as old man i hated being called "it" or that which for me are just the same these "morons" want to use

你好吗 sounds like a serious inquiry instead of a casual greeting.

Sometimes we use "have you eat yet?" (吃了吗？/吃饱了吗/你吃饱了吗） for greeting the friends . This is especially super common between the old people. From what I heard from my grandpa, this is because they were very poor in the past and able to eat very full is considered as a luxury at that time.

@@larshofler8298 That's the way have been taught to use it by my friends. 你好吗 is a fairly intimate question. I will use it frequently with friends to ask them if they are OK. But it feels awkward with strangers. I would only ask it if somebody looks sick and needs help.

吗 is rather friendly. How my grandma would talk to her cute lovely little granddaughter. It’s a staple of the language and part of casual conversation.

你好 feels more like something people say on the phone. *picks up phone* WEI??? 你好，请问 _insert name here_ 在家吗？ Uhhh... 不在家 那跟你讲也可也。We'd like to reach you about your car's extended warranty... *hangs up*

yes! those are good examples

My favorite of these is Korean's "Fighting!" which sounds incorrect at first since you'd expect the imperative form in exclamations, but it still got re-borrowed back to English (mainly koreaboos but still) and it's understood sort of like "We're fighting" or "Keep fighting". I wonder if it was originally a mistake for the imperative form. I've noticed Chinese speakers making this mistake, directly translating "…着!" commands, but I'm not sure if Korean has anything similar.

There is also "好gay", where also a noun is turned into an adjective or adverb. This grammar is quite common in Mandarin Chinese.

@@larshofler8298 or 我get不到 (I don’t get it)

The APP thing is due to we Chinese people didn't know how to pronounce an English word properly or our pronouncement has strong Chinese accent, however we somehow knew how to pronounce ABCs, so we spelled the word letter by letter to make others understand, avoid being laughed and embarrassed, although we speak better English right now, this tradition is kept. some similar examples are P图 (Photoshop/modify pictures), ppt (PowerPoint). In addition, because Chinese people were too bad on speaking English, all foreign brands always have a Chinese name in Chinese market.

Fascinating. I've noticed that Japanese people kinda do a similar thing but it's literally just taken from video games with the whole "Item get" thing, except they do it for everything. Instead of "I got a [noun]" They'll say "[Noun] Getto" (げっと)

Theres being concise then theres being ambiguous. "giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words; brief but comprehensive." What you described was not clear nor comprehensive. Start picking another word other than concise because chinese is not it. In fact it ranks lower than english when it comes to concise languages. I believe Japanese is even lower.

@@LilyUnicorn I don't think ranking languages is really possible, with them being so disparate. For example, Chinese and Japanese both are pro-drop languages, so they are more contextual than English. Speakers understand and can fill in what's ambiguous naturally, so it's sufficient to use less words. Though i do agree, maybe "synctactic flexibility" or "high productivity" can describe the difference better in place of conciseness.

​@@LilyUnicorn The problem with "conciseness" is that translation (if it tries to accurately convey the original nuances) typically makes sentences longer, both ways. Translating English sentences accurately to Chinese creates convoluted sentences, but so does translating Chinese sentences to English. This is true for Russian, Japanese, Arabic, and I think for any language that has sufficiently different grammar. English and Spanish are similar enough that I don't typically see a large length difference with good translations. An easy example is that anime subs are typically longer than the original Japanese sentence, but accurately translating English sentences to Japanese also creates long sentences. Both languages explicitly state certain things, and leave other things up to context. English is very particular about plurals, tense, articles, and explicit subjects (even subjectless verbs like "to rain" have dummy subjects , "it's raining") Japanese is also particular about things that are left up to context in English, most famously by changing most of the common words in a sentence to reflect the politeness levels and relative status of the speaker and listener. My other favorite example is the distinction between how you talk about the emotional state of those in your "in-group" and those not in the in-group. You basically would say "I'm scared" but for a stranger you would say "He shows signs of being scared (but I can't know because I'm not familiar with him)"

English is a germanic language. More than 80% of our words are german origin or north germanic in origin (go vikings). For germanic languages speakers english is probably easier for you to context switch than it is to do so in reverse.

@@LilyUnicorn actually about 60% of English vocabulary comes from Latin and Greek

Yeah, some of German use English words but pronounce in German way. And for someone who’s learning English and Deutsch at the same time it could be a bit confusing. When I first came to Germany i thought “sori” was another world for apologizing, then I realized it was “sorry”.

Americans kinda do this with Japanese. Like obviously they're not fluent, but there are a few common words and phrases from anime that are widely known/used

People do, however, use "howdy(o you do)?"

“how do you do” doesnt sound that uncommon tbh

@@rediius I've never heard anyone outside of the us say that

Just heard from a French guy yesterday 😂

Thanks for pointing that out! I may have made some assumptions and I will do more research on pinyin😊

While I agree with your point that pinyin is not directly based on the English version of the Latin alphabet (and the anglocentrism in calling it the English alphabet, for that matter), I would like to point out that using e.g. p vs b for aspirated vs unaspirated consonants is in fact closer to the English use of those letters than the French. English's distinction, while often referred to as a voicing distinction, is actually closer to an aspiration distinction (or at the very least uses both), while French uses only voicing, not aspiration.

I believe by "english influence" it was meant that the english introduced the latin alphabet and coined sounds in which chinese adopted. Not that the letters themselves are any bit of english. English is germanic language not latin. Before latin only written forms for the germanics were futhark and other runic symbols

@@ABChinese the wade-giles romanization system is the real system that is 'made after english'; it is one of the systems still often used in taiwan. Yale romanization also has this sort of distinction, but I don't think it was ever commonly used in china - it was basically only used in american classrooms during the cold war. The legacy of this is still felt in some situations, especially in the romanization of 四川 as "szechuan". Pinyin is less heavily influenced by english; I'd argue it's actually most similar to the albanian writing system.

@@pannekook2000 there was also Gwoyeu Romatzh, which was kinda interesting. It uses alternate ways of transliterating into english-style roman alphabet, to encode the tones; it also has some interesting phonetic abbreviations like 「個」 being shortened to just ‘g’.

The UK is replete with regional (and cultural) dialects, some of which stray well beyond mutual comprehensibility with standard English, and it's hard to imagine life without code switching in that broader sense. You'll also notice people modulate in and out of professional language in fascinating ways. Among mathematicians the prefix co- (among others) is highly productive, and captures a notion absent from standard English, while software professionals are very fond of meta-.

Im not sure if this is code switching, but in my community of Indian immigrants, "English" is often spoken as a mix of English, Malayalam, and Hindi. We just call it "Manglish". for example "Amma, can you get some wvelum for the chedi, not choode wvelum" the sentence means "Mom, can you get some water for the plants, not hot water" and i can't remember the last time my mom said "tea" rather than "chai"

Shut up

Just like that quote from the blackkklansman movie "there's the Queen's English and then there's jive, I just so happen to be fluent in both"

More like they speak ebonics at home but know to speak proper English around us.

Ah yes. Roll egg! My favourite. Makes me think that egg rolls were invented to make fun of white people.

I believe there's also a similar construct in Korean. I guess it's just a useful enough concept that all three languages ended up borrowing it, either directly or indirectly.

I dont think so...it's just that all three languages have alphabets that are wildly different from the latin one so they find their own ways to spell out english words that they copy from the anglosphere. "Nice" in that context absolutely something that originated from English communities (ppl commonly say niiice, nice try/NT, nice one).

Definitely not. Each chinese character is pronounced with one syllable, and there are no characters that have only one single phoneme, which means there is not a single chinese character to represent the reading of a hard 's' sound. Which is why the closest thing chinese netizens could do is to use a character with the closest sound, which is si. Nothing to do with japanese media or video games

i was thinking it sounded a lot like how the nice/najs loanword works in swedish, which i'm pretty sure had nothing to do with japanese. it honestly seems like convergent evolution or whatever. like it's just very useful to adopt a specific sense of it.

even more ironic is that originally it was gender neutral

Why avoid using 他? 他is actually gender neutral, until白话文运动, when 她was suggested by 刘半农 for English "she", while 鲁迅 used 伊.... So maybe we should just raise awareness that 他 can be gender neutral and that classical Chinese used words such as其，之，彼and so on

@@Banom7a yes... That's ironic

Luckily we're slightly further away from america than latam, so it never went anywhere. it's not even the male and female radicals. It's the female nv radical and the standing person radical becuase 他 is gender neutral

@@DeadlyBlaze I'm not the one that wrote the article, nor am I the Chinese linguists who felt the need to create this new character, so maybe take it up with them?

Makes me think of Cantonese vs Toishanese, so close but linguistically so differnet

Mandarin isn’t just from any dialect but specifically the dialect used by government officials and such in the capitals as they had to share a common tongue in order to communicate properly. It was then developed into modern mandarin when the official national tongue was chosen.

maybe its a completly different language and it just happens that the north has a lot of dialect based on MANDARIN like in TAGALOG where there's batangas tagalog and MANILENO Tagalog which is a dialects of tagalog while in the south where cebuano is dominant tagalog speakers cant understand them cause its a diffetent language all together and i believe thats the same situation in china. cause dialects are mutually intelible to both speakers if not then they are speaking different languages

@@philippinekatipunanflag4372 no. The modern mandarin was only finalised in the recent decades and it was based on several northen dialect. The northen dialects definetely occured much earlier. Regarding to your last sentence, 'dialect' is just one of a few english words that have similar meaning to "方言“, the Chinese word that means "a variaty of Chinese". I personally consider this as a loss of information during translation. In fact many Chinese dialects are so different from each other that sometimes it's considered a discrimination on the non-native people because they can't understand the dialect at all. I don't consider them to be different languages because they can be expressed by Chinese characters.

The northern dialects were used to create Mandarin because the political center had been Beijing for the Mongolians, the Ming Dynasty since the 3rd emperor moved the capital there after he overthrew his nephew and took over, and the later Manchurian Qing dynasty. Being invaded twice by northern non-Han Chinese people in the recent times brought the northern dialects into prominent use by people in the center of politics. So Mandarin-like dialect became the official language used by by imperial courts. The central government can't function effectively if all the court officials spoke their local dialects at work. After the Qing dynasty, both the Republic of China and then the People's Republic of China chose to use Mandarin as the base for their official languages. For ROC, it became 國語, guo-yu, national language. For PRC, it became 普通話, pu tong hua, common/standard/regular speech. Neither are the actual "mandarin" Chinese spoken by the Manchurian court, but both based on it. But in English, both just carried on the same name as Mandarin since non-Chinese speakers can't tell the difference between the 3.

True, but even this grammar is a modern development, probably under influence of European languages.

@@larshofler8298 Do you have a source? The phenomenon of using 中 in this way exists in Japanese (準備中、授業中、営業中、仕事中) and Korean (식사 중, 공사 중, 회의 중) as well.

@@romanr.301 Noun+中 has been observed in ancient text as "during", e.g. 爆竹声中一岁除 or 毕竟西湖六月中 (both from Song dynasty poems). I haven't found the reference of Verb+中 in classical Chinese. However verb and gerunds (verb+ing as noun) are usually not distinguished in Chinese.

@@deepseer The usage was borrowed from Japanese directly during 19-20th century, and in Japanese it started in Edo to early Meiji era.

​@@whiverfichos source? I don't doubt it, would just like to look into it more!

Thanks for stopping by!

Similarly, it's pretty hard to find an anime without at least some English loanwords used.

@@songcramp66 agreed...and oftentimes the word is badly mangled...which I can't blame them since it takes me actively analyzing words before I get their pronunciation correct...and even then there's a real chance of me adopting a weird variant of the pronunciation or even bounce around to several variants depending on the emotions and context...in High School I apparently had someone convinced that I was British because of this. 🤣 However, I also sound like a number of English variants because that's simply how I work... though apparently regardless of the accents and variants, I come across as articulate, well spoken, and clear...even if internally I was like a person frantically trying to assemble things fast enough to be exported for the audience... I'm sure that if I learned another language, I would be as bad...I even accidentally cause a Spanish speaker to think I could speak Spanish simply because I pronounced Jalapeno & Pablono Correctly. That was an experience... I'm also good enough at recognizing words even I'm their non-english forms...so even if details sail over my head...I can still comprehend more than normal when listening to other Eurocentric languages...and my skills in Asian language comprehension aren't normal either...can't speak it, but I can piece together what's being said vaguely. So, if I ever get a chance to live for a time in any Asian country, I probably would pick it up faster than normal too...after all...I became extremely articulate less than 18 months after saying my first words. Confused adults to no end when I could hold a proper conversation before I could even read. Also made me extremely popular and also despised by my peers at different times.

Thanks Tyler!

I’ve spent about 100,000 hours studying English humor and Western culture, and many hours studying Chinese culture. My native language is Chinese. I teach Chinese in humorous way and with cute pictures. Hope somebody recommend my videos to those who want to learn Chinese.

No you're right, I know Japanese people use this too I've heard them doing it. But it's pretty specific. I think there are other similar terms in Japanese but they tend to be longer and more formal such as おめでとう (Omedetou) which aren't really practical to say in the setting of... let's say a really sweet E-sports tournament when you're buddy just got a gnarly frag.

But actually you can never see these words with English characteristics in chinese people's daily life(written chinese,oral chinese and of course education), which means these words can be just seen online as more kind of entertainment. Everybody knows that network trend doesn't amount to national culture. I'm surprised that you should testify the beauty of Japanese by belittling chinese even with no knowledge of it. Ridiculous.

It seems strange to me that you mentioned Japanese, since Japanese has borrow a lot from foreign languages.

@Gino C Similar, but little used in German: '-nd' can (w/o pronoun) indicate that an action is being done continuously. 'Laufend' for example (rather literally 'running') indicates that something (like a machine) is operating. But again, it's not often used.

@Gino C Gerunds in Spanish have a more restricted use than in English. In English, they often substantivize a verb, like in "I love running", but in Spanish that's not grammatical, you use only the infinitive for that ("me encanta correr"). Yes, they can be similar, but they're not used "exactly the same".

@Gino C Well, I just wanted to clear that up, because I've heard/seen English speakers using the gerund in Spanish as if it were the same, with comic or confusing results. "Ir esquiando" is generally not the same as "go skiing", etc.

Usually it's for convenience. Where I live, we naturally code-switch to English because we're more immersed in Western content and know a wider range of more expressive vocabulary there. Orr.. it could just be a gimmick by the show since using English in some countries can be seen as "cool" or "unique" lol

From my experience and perspective, code switching happens when a native language speaker wishes to express an idea or concept, it is usually far easier to do so in a foreign language, in this case, English. There are words that don't exist in the native language, and you opt to express it in a different language. You can view it as switching from normal speech to using jargon, technical or business English in that regard. Another example is when trying to explain how you're laughing that a person just fell flat on his face and his misfortune is satisfying for you... or you could just use the word Schadenfreude. German is a good language to fish for stuff like that... English has to invent the rather technical word(s) Cuteness Agression, but some languages already have a word for that (umol).

I think code switching happen in so many country. It happens in my country (Indonesia) and my neighboring countries too (Malaysia, Singapore). We often use english words/sentences/grammar mixed with our local language. And i think it's normal since english is the global language and we all use english as our second language (either official or unofficial).

When I code switch it's generally because the word/sentence is shorter in the other language, or it's easier to pronounce.

For me personally, one of the main reasons I code switch is because it _feels_ different in one language or the other, so although you can say the same thing in the other language it just doesn't feel like the thing you want to say. There's also the fact that you might only want to say 1 word in english but it sounds wrong in the other language grammar, so you do a whole chunk in english instead.

Woah, thank you!

I find your videos very helpful and thought à small token (plus maybe make people aware of the option). :)

Thank you for the support!😊

That used to be how English did it as well. "He" was always used as the default pronoun if the person's sex was unknown. Then the gender radicalists took over society. We need to go back to the old way...

Distinguishing genders in the characters was only created in the 20th century, likely to copy European languages. 他is the original. There are similar creations of gendered words in Japanese in the 19th century but they never ended up being used the same way (probably because of the way pronouns work is totally different).

My dad does this lol. He doesn't have much of a Southern accent... Until he's out in the rural/Appalachian parts 😂

“Quoi” is the correct spelling of what you wrote as “qua”.

I believe the most used English expression might be "get the piont". Not very easy to find a proper and casual substitution for it in Chinese.所以一般会说“我有点get不到” “你没get到点上” 如果说，没有领会到关键点之类的，就有点太严肃，也不是很贴切了

Manglish can relate lol Because we all learned English at school, we just slapped English word directly when we speak Chinese and forgot the Chinese word for it.

I saw on Grace Mandarin Chinese's channel a video about this, in short there are a lot of mis-hearings when the melody doesn't match the proper tone of the word being sung. Beyond that, it's like music in any other language - the songwriter does their best to write the music in a way which suits the ideas of the words and the emotion the singer will express. Some are better at it than others, and some singers are better at it than others.

@@glowingfatedie The easiest way to know the meaning of a chinese word when sung is context

If I remembered correctly, the melody is written first then the lyrics, so the lyric writer would have to choose the right word to match the meaning of the whole song. Or the song would became so strange, and theres a series of "songs that you have misheard". One of the examples was "party animal" was sung badly and became "queuing animal"

By context , some songs handle it well. some songs don't. And words won't dictate how the melody goes.

So bueno pibe

What are your personal examples of code switching?

Yea, he seemed to only looked at minor recent changes, but not the huge systemic changes that came before.

Cool! Do you have an example of this that's easy to summarize?

@@gabyb5280 It's very little known in the West. I found out about it through the recent Piraha debate, where it became clear (through the brilliant fieldwork of Dan Everett in the Amazonian jungle) that the Piraha language lacks recursion! From this insight, Fred Karlson then argued that linguistic recursion developed in the historical period and spread from Europe, starting with Homer in Greek, and Cicero adopting Homerian writing into Latin. then going radially outward into the languages of the Roman empire, and so on. In the 19th century, the Chinese adopted this system of grammar, the kind that allows arbitrarily complex sentences. I don't speak Chinese, so I would love to have a native speaker talk about the grammatical changes in the 19th century, you can trace them in texts. I found out about this second-hand.

@@annaclarafenyo8185 the people you cited are crackpots in the lingustic community. baihua literature HAD recursion. but yes some grammatical constructions were indeed borrowed from european languages into chinese, including calque translations of rhetorical words/phrases (e.g., "for the sake of argument", etc)

@@annaclarafenyo8185 it is still being debated whether it’s proper Chinese. It mostly happens to academic world, and most of the speaking Chinese hasn’t been affected from my experience.

Loanwords to describe foods or niche items from other places aren't as pertinent as the ones from French Latin and Greek because they don't really impact the fabric of the language. I wouldn't even say the romance ans Greek words in English are even loanwords, they just are English.

Also I'd say any language has those words in their lexicon as well. It's not something specific to English.

@@adanactnomew7085 Yes, that's why I said that English was "heavily influenced" by French, Latin, and Greek. Tamil, Chinese, or any language other than the above three made no impact in English at all. Having said that, not all Tamil loanwords in English are niche items though. The English word 'cash' originated from Tamil 'kācu' via Portuguese 'caixa'. It didn't occur to me when I wrote the first comment. I have added that to the list. Your argument is valid still. No languages made significant impact on the grammar and syntax of English other than French, Latin, and Greek. But, those are still loanwords though. They can be called as English words for practical purposes - but they are still loanwords. English vocabulary is the largest of all languages in the word. A single concept can be described by multiple words in English. How come English vocabulary is ginormous? It's because of these loanwords. Other languages have loanwords too. But none of them compares to the extensive loanwords present in English. It's probably because English is spoken by almost all parts of the world. Each people contribute vocabulary to the English language.

@@user-vj9hb3gy6d Agreed. Also cash is more believed to come from the Latin "capsa" for box.

@@adanactnomew7085 Sorry yes, I just referred the Oxford dictionary. The Tamil etymology for the word 'cash' is only applicable for its second sense. It's used to denote low denomination coins in India. Since both senses have monetary meaning, I got confused. I'll remove that word from the list to avoid confusion.

That’s not true. People do use 你好嗎

Where you from?

Sounds like Canada. It is interesting that is has the same name as the south New Brunswick dialect.

@@o.sunsfamily definitely NB not Quebec

@@o.sunsfamily That's what it is yup, atlantic canada.