How Stars Destroy Each Other
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mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/space...
Our galaxy is full of dysfunctional stellar relationships. With more than half of all stars existing in binary orbits, it’s inevitable that many stellar remnants will end up in parasitic spirals with their partners. Today we’re going to look at the worst of these - from the novae produced by white dwarfs, to X-ray binaries created by neutron stars and black holes - and much weirder things besides.
Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt O'Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Bahaar Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber
End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: / @jrsschattenberg
Special Thanks to our Patrons!
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@stephenbaldassarre2289 3 жыл бұрын
One thing I appreciate about this show is that you assume your audience is intelligent instead of stupid. It can be hard to follow sometimes but I learn a lot.
@AppNasty 3 жыл бұрын
Noticed the air quotations when he said "star" when talking about the brown dwarf. Silent attack on brown dwarfs being failed stars. Nice.
@laurachapple6795 3 жыл бұрын
The fact that 600-year-old data is useful to astronomers is so wonderful to me.
@universalqualia7075 3 жыл бұрын
600 years is nothing compared to the age of the universe
@navdeepsengh 3 жыл бұрын
This is the essence of Astronomy
@martyzeenyc1210 3 жыл бұрын
i’m curious about how they obtained that data
@GregorioGrasselli1972 3 жыл бұрын
Well, didn't you know Herschel in the 1700s used Aristarchus' data about thousands of star positions to demonstrate some stars had visibly moved during 2000 years?
@martyzeenyc1210 3 жыл бұрын
Gregorio Grasselli i’m not exactly a astronomy major here :) was just intrigued
@thelegitpotato1248 3 жыл бұрын
Him: Want all the juicy celebrity gossip? Me: No, I couldn’t care le- Him: Here at Space Time, we have all the news on the dysfunctional, explosive relationships between the stars. Me:...I’m listening
@draco_2727 3 жыл бұрын
xD
@scotiaguy 3 жыл бұрын
SpaceTime is my favourite channel and Dr.O’Dowd is a fantastic narrator and explainer of complex and abstract phenomenon! Mindbogglingly fascinating stuff.
@bbartt80 3 жыл бұрын
I'm really impressed by imagination of astronomers telling such dramatic, complex stories that span over millions of years based on some flashes that happen to cross their path with our planet. Respect.
@nameless7838 3 жыл бұрын
How Stars Destroy Each Other. Well, drugs mainly.
@peterg76yt 3 жыл бұрын
No, that's how they destroy themselves, not each other. Although some people might call Twitter a drug.
@DSAK55 3 жыл бұрын
drugs and Netflix
@mailwiggum 3 жыл бұрын
Affairs and divorces
@Jimmy-B- 3 жыл бұрын
And women
@kvdrr 3 жыл бұрын
@@Jimmy-B- women in particular, yes
@Military_Archive 3 жыл бұрын
14:16 Lol, was not expecting to see my comment at the end of the video. Pleasantly surprised👍
@nightshade8958 3 жыл бұрын
I did not know you watched this channel, I used to watch your vids for hours.
@GrowingViolet 3 жыл бұрын
It's Mr. Archive himself! 😲
@kennarajora6532 3 жыл бұрын
cool
@ucumari 3 жыл бұрын
nice, I went all the way back to the Gabe videos and watched through to understand for this. I hope one day I will be able to ask a real question.
@ladchap2794 2 жыл бұрын
Keep getting smarter!
@jojonath1563 3 жыл бұрын
are you literally criticising couples that stayed together billions of years?
@peterg76yt 3 жыл бұрын
A relationship can be enduring without being healthy.
@deusexaethera 3 жыл бұрын
Just because they stayed together for so long doesn't mean they're good for each other. Dysfunctional relationships self-perpetuate much more often than they self-destruct, unfortunately.
@CraftyF0X 3 жыл бұрын
They stayed together only for the kids xD
@jojonath1563 3 жыл бұрын
@@deusexaethera now you're just making me sad
@jojonath1563 3 жыл бұрын
@@deusexaethera just looked at your channel really cool things you do. I just like staring at the Boehm Stirling HB6 Stirling Engine they're really cool
@recklessroges 3 жыл бұрын
"Take the PBS Space Time pill, and see how deep the blackhole goes."
@MegaAwesomeNick 3 жыл бұрын
I did and I went so deep I ended up in another universe.
@merbst 3 жыл бұрын
Although to be accurate, space has no meaning inside of the event horizon, as it swaps roles with time, therefore black holes really aren't very deep. (Depth being a spatial measure & all.)
@nineball039 3 жыл бұрын
And hope there is a magical cake at the bottom with the note "eat me" attached.
@ortherner 3 жыл бұрын
@@merbst i guess the blackhole pill goes infinitely far in the future
@kirbymarchbarcena 3 жыл бұрын
Q: How stars destroy each other? A: They make ridiculous gossips in Twitter
@beardollars 3 жыл бұрын
"Forget TMZ. Here on Space Time we have all the latest details on the dysfunctional explosive relationships between the stars." Me: *shoots milky way out of my nose*
@deepstariaenigmatica2601 3 жыл бұрын
galactic bowel movement
@Euromans_left_braincell 3 жыл бұрын
Good one
@Spikehead777 3 жыл бұрын
I can tell you didn't just shoot for the heavens with that post 😂
@satkoralmi9946 3 жыл бұрын
Quickest Thumbs Up I’ve ever given any video.
@EXOPLANETnews 3 жыл бұрын
Hey i have recently uploaded a video about Andromeda galaxy- largest member of our localgroup approaching toward us if ur interested pls 🙏 🙏 watch it once.....
@Afilon 3 жыл бұрын
This video reminded me of a poem I wrote 7 years ago: Binary There once were two stars in the night Close together, they would shine very bright. These two were connected, recognized on any map, But also separated by a big void of a gap. And all would wonder how they would shine round the clock. Ever facing each other, these two were tidally locked. Everyone else, they would bask in their light As they danced their eternal dance in the night. Picking up where the other left off, you see Their movements together, a perfect harmony. Tracing their steps, you would see an infinite eight. The attraction between them was always so great. And if you would see their dance in the skies, Its beauty and sadness would bring tears to your eyes. These two, a cosmic work of art Forever together, always apart. And at the end of the play, At the end of their days When no one would see them dance again. Each took one step closer, but it would seem like ten. With no gap between them, their bodies would meld They would learn a new dance, in the other’s arms held.
@Vagabond-Cosmique 6 ай бұрын
Nice! Do you have a blog or a website where you publish your poems?
@archenema6792 3 жыл бұрын
How to destroy a star? "Have you been putting on carbon? You look heavier."
@333STONE 3 жыл бұрын
Ten minutes later... Oh, I get it 😀😃😄😅😁
@333STONE 3 жыл бұрын
@Sunamer Z yep a bit slow
@Bisquick 3 жыл бұрын
So the key to nuclear fusion is self consciousness!
@adrianjohnson7295 3 жыл бұрын
Carefully or you'll trigger all the space justice warriors
@PandemoniumMeltDown 3 жыл бұрын
@@adrianjohnson7295 AN astrological phenomena named a Karen
@samhuggons2879 3 жыл бұрын
Great to have you back in the studio @pbsspacetime
@ReturnofBenjamin 3 жыл бұрын
"... became known as a black widow ..." Shouldn't you have called it the brown recluse?
@Xeridanus 3 жыл бұрын
That's the other thing, red backs and black widows are closely related.
@sipplix 3 жыл бұрын
Imagine this presentation with Hollywood budget size CGI and sound production, zoomed in on the binary system with matter being super heated and torn between massive bodies. That would be money well spent, rather than another Avengers movie.😳👍
@cezarcatalin1406 3 жыл бұрын
The nice thing is that two brown dwarfs can come together into one red dwarf.
@jasmcarter 3 жыл бұрын
When two black holes merge the event horizons meet in the middle in the hourglass shape. Behind the event horizon there is a FTL flow of space. The flow is toward the singularity of each black hole, but in the exact centre of the hourglass there must be an ridiculously tiny sliver of space that is not flowing anywhere, or that is experiencing a lot of turbulence and being pulled around everywhere. If somehow I entered the event horizon at that point would there be any path that I could travel for that fraction of a nanosecond before they collided where space was not flowing toward either singularity?
@ciCCapROSTi 3 жыл бұрын
That's a great question. Math clearly tells us that there must be a continuous membrane of still space between two singularities, but then why is it behind an even horizon?
@jamielonsdale3018 3 жыл бұрын
@@ciCCapROSTi Break down the problem into its logical steps. Event. Horizon. Once current events pass over the curvature of spacetime and accelerate into their future, they have passed the event horizon. If your region of normal spacetime is trapped in an event horizon matrioshka doll, you couldn't observe events there without the information passing beyond the event horizon. If you could somehow teleport between the black holes and take a attosecond snapshot of spacetime, it would be normal. However, you would be surrounded on all sides by an event horizon as spacetime becomes timespace. In spacetime, we have 4 dimensions, just like in a black hole. Up, exactly here & down, left, exactly here & right, forwards, exactly here & backwards, past, exactly now & future. That's 3 spatial dimensions and 1 temporal dimension. The laws of physics limit travel in the 4th dimension to 1 direction. Towards the future. It is impossible to reverse time. Well in a black hole, you still have 4 dimensions, except two spatial dimensions became temporal. So now you have 3 temporal dimensions, and 1 spatial dimension. Spatial is the 4th dimension. Like in normal space, you can only travel in 1 direction in the 4th dimension. Down toward the singularity. It is impossible to reverse down.
@lythsian 3 жыл бұрын
The temperature and friction has you roasted long before.
@lythsian 3 жыл бұрын
You mean like a la grange point between the masses?
@deusexaethera 3 жыл бұрын
Yes, there is a point of space at the center-of-mass between the two singularities where you could remain motionless, but you would still be annihilated when the singularities spiral inwards and merge at that same point.
@ActingNT 3 жыл бұрын
In future episodes, could we get a time scale on the illustrations of orbit? Something like "Time scale: 1 million years/second" I think it would be both thought-provoking and educational.
@grapy83 3 жыл бұрын
came back a few years. Your quality of telling a stellar story has gone up. Loved it bro.
@KhanAndMrPointyEars 3 жыл бұрын
All I got out of this is "any good romance is also a tragedy." =)
@noahludford3667 3 жыл бұрын
If there is love there can be no happy end to it.
@turtlevader 3 жыл бұрын
“Parasitic spiral”. That does sound quite a bit like my last relationship.
@ayushsharma8804 3 жыл бұрын
"Parasitic" is only used when there is one blood sucker and one host, not when there are two blood suckers.
@ayushsharma8804 3 жыл бұрын
Sorry man that was a joke, idk if you were being serious but don't take what I said seriously.
@QlueDuPlessis 3 жыл бұрын
@@ayushsharma8804 joke or not, it describes my last relationship perfectly. 😋
@mikesawyer1336 3 жыл бұрын
I love it.. in a world devoid of Science, a Scientist emerges to rescue us all. PBS Space Time is the best channel on KZfaq
@booksr4nerds100 3 жыл бұрын
Mate, you enjoyed saying "Redback" a little too much. I'm afraid your aussie might be showing.
@powdermonkey7697 3 жыл бұрын
Mate.
@FMeister94 3 жыл бұрын
I sure would love to see PBS Space Time and Anton Petrov to do a collab.
@kendomyers 3 жыл бұрын
Hello wonderful person
@mikelz6936 3 жыл бұрын
Wonderful people often think this
@plexiglasscorn 3 жыл бұрын
walentaz already did, search
@FMeister94 3 жыл бұрын
@walentaz There are a lot of amazing creators that would be super cool to see collabing.
@adrianjohnson7295 3 жыл бұрын
What about pokimane? Could explore all the space between her ears?! B)
@TheDisabledGamersChannel 3 жыл бұрын
That opening......................GOLD !
@brainkill7034 2 жыл бұрын
The writing for this episode is so fantastic! Love all the puns and innuendos! Brings a good bit of humor to some great educational material. Thank you and please keep producing and sharing please!
@zoraslivkova2816 3 жыл бұрын
This is probably the most dramatic episode so far :D
@coopergates9680 3 жыл бұрын
Maybe not as much as the big rip or the alleged inflationary mass instability proposed to be in non-Schwarzschild black holes. Oh, and the alien civilization wiping Earth out with a Kugelblitz...
@djschultz1970 3 жыл бұрын
I always understand Matt. He is exceptional (easy?). But even guided by his amazing skills I can still only achieve a fleeting glimpse of a deeper understanding of spacetime.
@macronencer 3 жыл бұрын
13:57 "The surface below which there's a faster-than-light flow of space" is a wonderful way of defining an event horizon! Very nice.
@editorrbr2107 3 жыл бұрын
Pulsars blasting companions apart is metal AF.
@craigtevis1241 3 жыл бұрын
Zombified white dwarves stalking living stars moaning "baryons."
@jerrysstories711 3 жыл бұрын
Best nerd joke ever!
@dlevi67 3 жыл бұрын
Sun of the dead?
@jgostling 3 жыл бұрын
@@dlevi67 The Orbiting Dead?
@dlevi67 3 жыл бұрын
@@jgostling Sometimes they return...
@vocativecase 3 жыл бұрын
I will miss Bahaar’s painting!
@KnighteMinistriez 3 жыл бұрын
Stellar Star Remnant Collisions is now the name of my new rock band. lol
@nikitaelizarov7444 3 жыл бұрын
The best background in the quarantine KZfaq.
@torbjornblomquist894 3 жыл бұрын
Matt, be careful going into space again. Quarantine is safer. Watch out because even our Sun has Corona.
@thepowerman8952 3 жыл бұрын
😤😤😤😤 THAT PUN MADE ME SO ANGRY.
@ortherner 3 жыл бұрын
lmao
@ortherner 3 жыл бұрын
lmao
@stevetait8878 3 жыл бұрын
How do stars destroy each other? First: They get married. Second: They have a nasty divorce.
@nilborne1 3 жыл бұрын
I may not comprehend all of what you explain. but I do enjoy Space Time.
@fruitfulmotion 3 жыл бұрын
These star puns are giving me life
@juniormynos9457 3 жыл бұрын
It's been long since I've had an episode. Good to see you bro
@Leandro-vy7nj 3 жыл бұрын
How do you record your voice so well while in outer space? That sure is some high quality setup.
@erezra 3 жыл бұрын
Oooohh, incomprehensible episodes. Should be a series!
@Siddingsby 3 жыл бұрын
Hope you feel better soon, Matt.
@spencerthompson1049 3 жыл бұрын
Stars destroying each other ENTROPY in its finest form!
@DanielNyong 3 жыл бұрын
My theory to Understanding PBS Space Time. Physics that has to do with large cosmic structures are somewhat understandable to me. The ones involving Sub-atomic particles, I just show up to like the videos :D
@MargoMB19 3 жыл бұрын
Now that you say that I think that's totally true for me as well. Interesting.
@mihirnatani4479 3 жыл бұрын
Cause quantum mechanics is unintutive
@rubenfasola5402 3 жыл бұрын
Quantum mechanics and QFT are a nightmare, logic is in a corner while on drugs and reality is blackout drunk at that scale
@fghsgh 3 жыл бұрын
@@mihirnatani4479 We just haven't found an all-encompassing intuitive explanation of quantum mechanics yet, but there is hope.
@gandalf_thegrey Жыл бұрын
Reject TMZ, embrace SpaceTime. They have all the information on the stars. What a great intro lol
@khlover87 3 жыл бұрын
Don't usually comment, but was just wondering if we could get a space time journal club on the new paper regarding the black hole information paradox. I'm having trouble wrapping my head around it and Matt always has a way of explaining things in a clear way
@sebastianelytron8450 3 жыл бұрын
"How Stars Destroy Each Other" *_Ellen has entered the chat_*
@likebot. 3 жыл бұрын
'Twas Johnny Carson in my day...
@cs6626 3 жыл бұрын
Question for the more learned among us - wouldn't the ejected material from the 600 year old nova inherit the angular momentum from the parent bodies and therefore move in lock step?
@AtilaElari 3 жыл бұрын
Yes and no. It would inherit the momentum, but it would also be a subject to orbital mechanics - after all, stars are in orbit around the galactic core. So the material closer to the galactic core would move ahead of the origin star and that farther from the core would fall behind. While such orbital motion is much less apparent on orbits so gigantic as that of a star, it still exists and would be noticable after 400 years. Or there is something else. I'm not a scientist, I just play KSP.
@Lucius_Chiaraviglio 3 жыл бұрын
Possible explanations for the ejected material having different average momentum from the parent stars: 1. Asymmetric ejection. A bit of this is unavoidable due to the donor star blocking some of the material ejected from the white dwarf in the nova. 2. Related to the above, if the momentum asymmetry is sufficiently extreme, the reaction on the parent stars will be noticeable. 3. If the parent stars were moving significantly relative to the interstellar medium, even symmetric ejection will become off-center as the ejected material collides with interstellar medium and is slowed asymmetrically.
@hplovecraftmacncheese 3 жыл бұрын
I like that painting. It fits the mood for some reason.
@brannonlittle718 3 жыл бұрын
Go as far as y’all can I love being awed by the universe even if the smallest of details stick in my mind it brings me joy to talk about them with my friends
@serijas737 3 жыл бұрын
Ah yes, more unnecessary wisdom I can flex on my friends with.
@LaurensPP 3 жыл бұрын
Twistor Theory some day?
@AlanFalloon 3 жыл бұрын
This episode was worth at least several others
@wosby_limited 3 жыл бұрын
Loved this episode. I think I comprehended everything you said while learning a couple new things!
@mvmlego1212 3 жыл бұрын
I'm confused. How does the white dwarf siphon gas from the main-sequence star? Because the white dwarf loses mass upon its formation, it must have had a much higher mass to start with--but if that's the case, then why wasn't it siphoning gas from the other star at an even faster rate when they were both main-sequence?
@emceeboogieboots1608 3 жыл бұрын
As it was already finished as a star it would just keep on orbiting with its partner. When the partner star reaches the end of its life it would start to swell, likely putting its outer layers into the gravitational influence of the white dwarf. The orbit of the pair was also suggested to have decayed bringing them closer together. I think!?
@DFPercush 3 жыл бұрын
I think their orbits decay over time so they get closer. But the density also affects tidal forces, so it might actually be "squeezing" its partner. Isn't that lovely. XD ... Might want to look it up though, I'm just blabbering.
@mvmlego1212 3 жыл бұрын
@@emceeboogieboots1608 -- I appreciate the explanation. It makes some sense, but it seems to me that that would only happen if the distance between center of the white dwarf and the edge of the main-sequence star is less than average radius of the main sequence star--and that's not how it's usually portrayed. For example, at 0:59 here, the former distance is about four times larger than the latter distance.
@mvmlego1212 3 жыл бұрын
@@DFPercush -- Regardless, I appreciate the response.
@ericwolf9664 3 жыл бұрын
They are probably in an stabilized exchange of plasma pretty early into thier dance. Also while it does loose some mass in the process of becoming a white dwarf, the core at that point makes up most of it. This results in the flow becoming a toxic one way relationship.
@intelligentcomputing 3 жыл бұрын
With some more dramatic pauses and more "deliberate" speech, Matt could be the next Carl Sagan.
@marcpeterson1092 3 жыл бұрын
I haven't heard him say "billions and billions" yet.
@intelligentcomputing 3 жыл бұрын
@@marcpeterson1092 If he hasn't, he will.
@architeuthis1000 3 жыл бұрын
I think he’s got a dope style already! ..And he’s definitely ready to supplant the rude ego tripping of Neil DGT as the chief voice of public science!! Who’s with me??
@intelligentcomputing 3 жыл бұрын
@@architeuthis1000 I agree - NDGT's ego is too much bluster, etc. And, yes, Matt is AWESOME but probably speaks a little too quickly (at least in these videos) for the general public to feel at ease and receptive to the content.
@lucidd4103 3 жыл бұрын
Why would you be Carl Sagan again? he was certainly iconic in his time but everything evolve. Tv is not very good quality content anymore, and only old people watch it. This is just so much better and it's coming from someone that actually watched Carl Sagan back then. My personal opinion anyway.
@NeroThacher 3 жыл бұрын
Some of the GREATEST Visuals to date
@kenmakozume647 3 жыл бұрын
The best KZfaq channel
@TheExoplanetsChannel 3 жыл бұрын
We are just an *_atom_* in the universe
@olinzodd 3 жыл бұрын
Actually, we're not even that. Going by the scale of the Universe, Earth is more like a sub-atomic particle, if that even :-)
@GNParty 3 жыл бұрын
@@olinzodd Comparing the smallest thing (planck length) to the biggest (observable universe), we are WAY bigger than what exists in the middle. We are quite big, but the universe is absurdly huge.
@aquasama588 3 жыл бұрын
There are ten trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion particles in the universe that we can observe.
@kamoroso94 3 жыл бұрын
I'm actually 7×10^27 atoms in the universe.
@alexandermartin1837 3 жыл бұрын
I really enjoyed your collab with *Isaac Arthur* :)
@discreet_boson 3 жыл бұрын
Holy cow spacetime just uploaded and I am *LOSING MY MIND, I'M SO EARLY*
@quantumastrophysics7538 3 жыл бұрын
It's very interesting to see you starting from The Basics from couple of previous videos.
@ElysionGear 3 жыл бұрын
Yay! Matt returned to floating in space (what a lovely image.)
@wzdew 3 жыл бұрын
I'm down for incomprehensibly dense subject matter. Can we rename black holes to rabbit holes, since everyone is drawn to them, but nobody wants to go down them?
@dominicellis1867 3 жыл бұрын
Oh my if only sending a rabbit down this rabbit hole would send it to wonderland
@roseproctor3177 3 жыл бұрын
As someone with ADHD and an insatiable curiosity, I love going down rabbit holes and if I got the opportunity to go into a black hole, I'd totally do it. Dying by black hole would be an epic obituary
@roseproctor3177 3 жыл бұрын
I wonder if I'd get to see millions of years into the universe's future, playing before me in a matter of (my final) moments. In a way, I'd be the oldest human to ever live
@shanecampbell5101 3 жыл бұрын
Matt... I can see in your face that you're ready to GTFO of that apartment.
@ElTurbinado 3 жыл бұрын
he kinda looks like there's a gang off camera holding him at gunpoint lol
@spacemos4896 3 жыл бұрын
Your theory of everything was awesome..thankyou for it!!
@Staring_Wolf 3 жыл бұрын
This is my favorite of all the @PBSspacetime t-shirts!! Be pretty cool to make a similar, dark blue one with stars all over it as a fundraiser for the show... maybe with Dr. O'Dowd aross the back like a jersey and 6.3631×10−34 as his number? 🤷🏻♂️🤞🏻
@wiccafromthegroundup7954 3 жыл бұрын
Planck length?
@Staring_Wolf 3 жыл бұрын
@@wiccafromthegroundup7954 Bingo!
@sirgog 3 жыл бұрын
In your final questions section you showed the simulation of event horizons merging. Some regions of space that were inside an event horizon at the start of the merger didn't remain that way. Does this movement of horizons allow any backdoors by which recently infallen matter (not yet at the singularity) can escape from beyond one of the horizons?
@PS-vk6bn 3 жыл бұрын
Yeah, and I wonder why the event horizons don't cancel out until fully merged, since both singularity's are pulling on opposite direction.
@Lucius_Chiaraviglio 3 жыл бұрын
@@PS-vk6bn They could cancel (temporarily) with respect to an object at the saddle point being able to remain there, but the escape velocity for that object to get out of the event horizon would still be greater than the speed of light, so it will still be trapped there until it falls to one side (or to both if it breaks up) or until the centers of the black holes merge onto it (low probability due to the instability of its position, but technically possible).
@kor_cinnamon 3 жыл бұрын
1:40 For your knowledge: King Sejong have not only found guest star(객성 in Korean) but also made Korean letters called Hangul(한글), too. He was devoted in science and tried hard to make it reachable by creating easier letter to read and write. Pretty cool achievement for a king, huh?
@michaelsommers2356 3 жыл бұрын
Inventing an alphabet that actually gets used for centuries is a pretty big achievement for anyone.
@Michael18599 3 жыл бұрын
Not many have done this
@fghsgh 3 жыл бұрын
Well, more precisely, he made people make Hangul for him. But yes, this seems like it was a good king.
@naamadossantossilva4736 3 жыл бұрын
He was "The Great" for a reason.
@keithharper32 3 жыл бұрын
Fun fact: Hangul made literacy so much easier to aquire that the script was banned later on after lobbying by the scholarly elite who didn't like their position of influence threatened by commoners being able to read for themselves.
@mjolnirforsworn 3 жыл бұрын
Matt, PLEASE please please don't have ads during the video. Your videos are the only thing that relaxes me enough to sleep during my PhD and I'll lose my mind if I have to hear ads in the middle of it! Nonetheless, you are awesome and PBS Spacetime is awesome! If I didn't end up doing engineering, I would have stayed with my 5th grade dream of theoretical astrophysics.
@Nilguiri 3 жыл бұрын
14:08 Simulation of merging event horizons looks suspiciously like my lava lamp.
@Laff700 3 жыл бұрын
11:05 Actually, at least to an outside observer, the neutron's star's collapse into a black hole is prevented by gravitational time dilation. As the neutron star gets closer to being a black hole, time passes much more slowly for it, slowing its collapse. The end result asymptotically approaches being a black hole but never actually becomes one.
@jxmink 3 жыл бұрын
Eventually, the CMB will get cool enough that the infinitely long collapse will get interrupted by Hawking radiation.
@KuK137 3 жыл бұрын
Except we actually saw neutron stars collapsing, sooo, nope. Also, the same reasoning could be applied to a lot of black hole processes (such as mergers) but we know they do happen.
@TheTozmoGaming 3 жыл бұрын
This is actually untrue. The whole never actually crossing the event horizon thing is a simplification that comes from the assumption that you are not adding mass to the black hole. In reality observers do see test particles cross an event horizon (not literally since the light is still infinitely redshifted, but I mean that the crossing event is in the future light cone of the observer) because as the mass gets closer to the black hole the event horizon comes out to meet it (since the mass of the black hole is getting larger, the Schwarzschild radius increases). Source: The General Relativity unit I took at University last semester.
@Laff700 3 жыл бұрын
@@TheTozmoGaming Actually, if you do the math, you'll find this isn't the case. Lets say you have a bunch of spherical shells of mass that you allow to collapse under gravity. The first one approaches its Schwarzschild radius but never reaches it. If you then drop another shell, it'll be accelerated by both its field and the first shell's gravity. As such, when it approaches the system's Schwarzschild radius, it'll have more kinetic energy than it would have at the same radius if the first shell was absent. What's going on is as the outer shell shrinks, the inner shell gets deeper in a gravitational well, making it lose energy. The energy flows outward from the inner shell to the outer shell. As the outer shell approaches the system's Schwarzschild radius, all of the mass-energy of the inner shell will be transferred to the outer shell. If you drop more shells onto the system, the process will repeat the same and at no point will an actual event horizon form. In the end, you'll just be left with a structure with all the mass-energy on the very surface with a radius infinitesimally larger than the Schwarzschild radius. This structure will basically be a black hole in terms of external observations, it won't have a singularity though. @Kuk137 I'm not saying that a neutron star wouldn't collapse at all, I'm just saying it wouldn't fully collapse into a black hole. Also, this phenomena wouldn't interfere with stuff like "black hole" mergers. We'd still see the same end result externally, there'd just be no true black holes at any point. GR does have black hole solutions, they're just prevented from actually forming from an outside viewer's perspective.
@TheTozmoGaming 3 жыл бұрын
@@Laff700 Mate I literally study astrophysics. Your argument makes zero sense, you can't just claim energy flows the way it does there. Also, the first shell as you say does absolutely cross the black holes Schwarzschild radius. And I have "done the maths" before, we solved Einstein's equations for a spherically symmetric case (ie the Schwarzschild metric) last semester.
@blackmamba1261 3 жыл бұрын
Ugh I was about to make the celebrity joke but Spacetime beat me to it in the first second of the video.
@jbtechcon7434 3 жыл бұрын
11:26 Hold on. Yes, collapse into a singularity is unavoidable under GR, but it also takes infinite time, so under the event horizon you still have collapsing neutron star not a singularity.
@dlevi67 3 жыл бұрын
Only from the point of view of an outside observer...
@jbtechcon7434 3 жыл бұрын
@@dlevi67 Right, and those outside observers would be US. From the perspective of the entire universe outside the BH, the singularity can never form. Now you might be thinking, “But from the pov of an observe inside, the singularity forms in finite time!” But I will point out that pov only works in that specific isolated environment, one that will vanish in finite time from the outside pov due to Hawking radiation. In other words, before the inside observer sees the singularity form, his black hole vanishes. He never sees the singularity either.
@jerrysstories711 3 жыл бұрын
@@jbtechcon7434 Exactly. Even a lot of physics grad students miss this point.
@dlevi67 3 жыл бұрын
@@jbtechcon7434 Nope; your next-to-last sentence (starting "in other words") is a non sequitur. From the point of view of an observer travelling through the EH on a geodesic there is no time compression or dilation and the singularity will form from the inside in a finite time. Hawking radiation and black hole evaporation are irrelevant. What is correct is that from the perspective of the rest of the universe the singularity may as well not exist: first you can't see it, and then it no longer exists (that's assuming that both GR and Hawking are correct... which they probably are not, but that's another story)
@jbtechcon7434 3 жыл бұрын
@@dlevi67 The Hawking radiation evaporation IS relevant because it make the observer's BH vanish around them! The whole definitive thing that made his pov different from that of the outsider went away.
@octavianova1300 3 жыл бұрын
The question you answered about why a black hole doesn't just have a neutron start behind it made me think of the concept of Planck stars, that'd be a cool thing to cover in an episode. Maybe the episode could be about what the implications of various beyond-the-standard-model theories would be on black hole physics, how it would vary relative to the GR picture of black hole physics, etc.
@crowd3r862 3 жыл бұрын
Have you been partying with the stars all night because your voice sounds a bit knackered
@MCsCreations 3 жыл бұрын
Yeah, looks like stars don't bad behaves only here at Earth. 😬
@99baking 3 жыл бұрын
One of the best videos on this channel yet! Nice work y'all
@curtstan2389 3 жыл бұрын
Fairly frantic Q&A there, old son! Not picking up any bad habits, I hope...
@Scribe13013 3 жыл бұрын
Worlds are colliding! George is getting upset!
@likebot. 3 жыл бұрын
George is a particle of the Sein Field, right?
@FENomadtrooper 3 жыл бұрын
@@likebot. That's gold Jerry! Gold!
@LegendaryGauntlet 3 жыл бұрын
Speaking of strange objects, you could do an episode on non-sequence stars, with some exotic objects such as Wolf Rayet for example. There are quite a few interesting curiosities.
@henrahmagix 3 жыл бұрын
“interesting curiosities” - what a curiously interesting tautology 😅
@dlevi67 3 жыл бұрын
@@henrahmagix Here is an idle curiosity: when did the meaning of "curious" start diverging from "interesting"? They were clearly much closer in the 17th and 18th century.
@Riiddz 3 жыл бұрын
Thats intro was too damn good
@YaMumsSpecialFriend 3 жыл бұрын
Fascinating and fabulous stuff, figuratively, if not literally, although definitely literarily🖖🏼
@franciscoweitzman8892 3 жыл бұрын
Can You study the movement of star's plasma in it or Even the movement of stars around e.g. a quasar with fluids physics? How? Hi from Argentina 😊
@BunnyOfThunder 3 жыл бұрын
Or, a more romantic view: through selfless sacrifice, the living star was able to bring life back to its dead partner, even just for a few shining moments.
@garethdean6382 3 жыл бұрын
'I will not let you fade. For today take this gift and glow brighter than a million suns.'
@ozjaszhorowitz919 3 жыл бұрын
This channel is a new quality in popularising science. Over the past month, I've watched plenty of videos on this channel, most of them about quantum physics, the history and the nature of the universe. I believe that my understanding of what is currently happening in physics and astrophysics has grown significantly. I like that authors don't stop at the general image, but sometimes also explain important mathematics behind each theories. It's very nice and important that actual scientists spend some time to explain science to general public.
@sefman5851 3 жыл бұрын
That was a very good general recap. People are comprehending because you have been teaching. Its not rocket surgery.
@samueloctober4797 3 жыл бұрын
Stars literally become cannibal to end up dying
@brusselsproutboy7005 3 жыл бұрын
We know our street smarts aren’t getting any better watching Space Time.
@ComputerGarageLLC 3 жыл бұрын
when episode ideas exceed Matt's comprehension a new class of blackholes is needed.
@UltimateTobi 3 жыл бұрын
I just love your videos! I am glad you guys released a new one.
@tabularasa0606 3 жыл бұрын
They make a KZfaq video Or a nasty Twitter/Facebook post.
@architeuthis1000 3 жыл бұрын
Not to be a jerk, but I think it’s pronounced “ig-no-min-ee-us”(?) 😬 aaaand now I’m a jerk. Forgive me Matt!
@rebeccatripp36 3 жыл бұрын
I've been wanting to know for a long time where this channel gets its music from!
@floriath 3 жыл бұрын
Tyrion Lannister - the most famous white dwarf in the universe
@333STONE 3 жыл бұрын
Cataclysmic binary. Sounds like the ex girlfriend and I. 🤔
@grumpycorgy7937 3 жыл бұрын
Great episode! Thanks.
@silasdense4725 3 жыл бұрын
Such an interesting video. Thank you. 👏👏👏👏👏
@seanmoore489 3 жыл бұрын
Exploring my theory of how black holes are responsible for the expansion of the universe. 1. If back holes are more dense than magnetar cores, the gravity of the black holes must be strong enough to expell the empty space between atomic particles, smashing together specific parts of atoms that possess mass and ejecting the contained vacuum of empty space between the particles, which has zero mass or any atomic property whatsoever, into space, therefore explaining the creation of dark matter and the expansion of the universe due to dark matter expansion. 2. The battle between dark matter and gravity may be the explicit balance that meshes particle physics and quantum physics. 3. If at a quantum level particles are appearing and dissolving at an unexplained rate, the dark matter and anti matter present at every level of magnitude throughout the universe is the explanation of the express creation/disappearance of particles at a quantum level.