How To Detect a Neutrino

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Күн бұрын

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Why is there something rather than nothing? Well the answer may be found in the weakest particle in the universe: the neutrino. For over half a century Fermilab has been the premier particle accelerator facility of the United States and we got to visit with Don Lincoln to explore it’s science and its engineering. These days many of the super-powered geniuses of Fermilab are tackling the mysteries of the neutrino. Why? Because this elusive particle may hold powerful secrets: from the unification of the forces of nature to the biggest question of all: why is there something rather than nothing?
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Hosted by: Matt O'Dowd & Don Lincoln
Written by: Matt O'Dowd
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Director of Photography by: Ian Krass
Graphics by: Leonardo Scholzer & Adriano Leal
Editing by: Madeleine Ro
Color by: Matt Braunsdorf
Post Sound by: Alexander Mandel
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber
End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: / @jrsschattenberg
Special Thanks: Andre Salles
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Пікірлер: 1 300

@aasyjepale5210 4 жыл бұрын

4:00 *we shoot 10 trillion neutrinos per second and only a handful of them will interact* Me: so all of them?

@winstonknowitall4181 4 жыл бұрын

Sir, we've got a problem. Your comment is critically underrated.

@michaelgentles1859 4 жыл бұрын

oicwutudidthere :)

@roberttsui4126 4 жыл бұрын

How do they capture the 10 trillion neutrinos to release?

@CoryMusick 4 жыл бұрын

@@roberttsui4126 1 hand full at a time.

@thorcook 4 жыл бұрын

technically, a handful of neutrinos would be more than 10 trillion [whether you considered them motionless, or by the amount pass through the size of a human hand per second] so more neutrinos interact than they actually shoot! :p

@paultapping9510 4 жыл бұрын

Matt's finally back from space! Seeing him in real places is the strangest thing in this video!

@prunabluepepper 4 жыл бұрын

Lol yes, so weired to see him without space BG. And he got old. Which is bad, since this means we get old as well XD. But perfect Collab.

@ChinnuWoW 4 жыл бұрын

pruna blue pepper His time wasn’t dilating as much as ours since he was in space.

@robertdaw3364 4 жыл бұрын

Don't be fooled. He's still out in space. They just floated him in front of a green screen and projected images of earth behind him.

@Alkis05 3 жыл бұрын

He has to get his annual dose of gravity, or he will have health problems

@pierfrancescopeperoni 3 жыл бұрын

Yeah, and now(1 year ago) he's stuck in the tunnels, I wonder how it happened, I feel like we really shouldn't let him visit the real world so easily.

@aimafirm 4 жыл бұрын

Seeing these two folks in the same video -> thumbs up before even diving in the subject of it.

@itemushmush 4 жыл бұрын

i love don's youtube videos! great collab

@nias2631 4 жыл бұрын

Definitely

@alwaysnumb1 4 жыл бұрын

Don fan here too

@czerskip 4 жыл бұрын

Every video from either of those great science communicators is a thumb up before watching!

@pressaltf4forfreevbucks179 4 жыл бұрын

@@czerskip true

@qwkairy 4 жыл бұрын

A neutrino walked into a bar, the bartender told him "no charge for you" He replied "I can't interact with anything anyway"

@thePronto 4 жыл бұрын

After the neutrino entered the bar, it would have gone right out the back door without anyone noticing.

@uncluckable6535 4 жыл бұрын

@@thePronto Pretty sure that bartender is serving up liquid argon. ;)

@gabor6259 4 жыл бұрын

(not my joke) The bartendeer says: We don't serve faster-than-light particles here. A tachyon walks into a bar.

@jonassjoedin2306 4 жыл бұрын

More like ”ah, the usual? 5 light years of lead coming right up”

@MikeRosoftJH 4 жыл бұрын

A trillion neutrinos walk into a bar. One of them says 'ouch'.

@biggayhomofag 4 жыл бұрын

Nothing like another episode of Spacetime to delay the pain of existence another day!

@makoyoverfelt3320 4 жыл бұрын

TimeLogician nice! I just listened to that ep (love mindscape), I’m glad there are people like me out there who love physics and hate existence lol

@WeeWeeJumbo 4 жыл бұрын

Super facts

@Mastaleet 4 жыл бұрын

@J Thorsson what's up with the word bucko as if you have some kinda superiority over this man or women. Have a good day bucko! 😆😆😆😆😆😆

@MichaelDeHaven 4 жыл бұрын

@J Thorsson Hi. Just commenting to say I recognized the bucko immediately. I wasn't gonna comment but read this last one and decided to answer. I'm only one person but I'd imagine there's a decent overlap. I hang around on both science and philosophy channels. I will say I'm not a Peterson fan, not really a hater either though. He's too obsessed with Postmodernism. Still glad you got something useful out of him. I'm all for self improvement.

@MichaelDeHaven 4 жыл бұрын

@J Thorsson If I understood your first reply correctly... Yes, I agree our culture treats reason and emotion as opposing forces. I don't see it that way. As for politics... your guess is correct I'm more on the left, big qualifier, for an American. But my first priority would be on the libertarian-authoritarian axis. I'm not religious myself either. But I do agree with Peterson on the importance of meaning and purpose. I just wish he'd stay out of the woo. I'm not really upset/offended/etc by him. In fact following, understanding, him helped me clarify my own views. Which is something I imagine he'd like. Still his personality is very unsuited to politics or high public exposure. I hope he retires to a more quiet life and doesn't end up a martyr.

@TheFGrox 4 жыл бұрын

The most anticipated cross-over: Fermilab + PBS Space Time.

@gr8withan8playz 4 жыл бұрын

"Infinity war is the most ambitious crossover" Me:

@benchasinghorizons9428 4 жыл бұрын

trump

@kendomyers 4 жыл бұрын

@@benchasinghorizons9428 Trump? Dont sully this temple of learning with that word.

@doktormcnasty 4 жыл бұрын

@@kendomyers Nobody has studied particle physics more than Donny tinyhands, I'm sure.

@kendomyers 4 жыл бұрын

@@doktormcnasty The best, all the people are talking about it. You know, nobody new about particles before but all of a sudden Im like, bing bing bong bong Particles, tiny particles And my scientist, big strong guy, a biker, comes up to me and says "sir"...hes crying, tears running down his cheek "sir, youve done more for particles than any president"

@zes3813 4 жыл бұрын

wrr

@pressaltf4forfreevbucks179 4 жыл бұрын

Neutrino, the most elusive particle in the universe. Dark matter: hold my gravity.

@axelandersson6314 4 жыл бұрын

Αλεξανδρος Πατσαλος Sterile Neutrino though?

@bytefu 4 жыл бұрын

Well, dark matter seems to interact much stronger via gravity, so it's not clear who's more elusive.

@pressaltf4forfreevbucks179 4 жыл бұрын

@@bytefu that's because it comes at bigger quantities in the universe.

@crackedemerald4930 4 жыл бұрын

Is dark matter a particle tho?

@justsuperdad 4 жыл бұрын

@@crackedemerald4930 "I submit that it is not." At least in that the term Dark Matter Particle is not meaningful.

@y11971alex 4 жыл бұрын

This is one of the most anticipated collabs in the KZfaq science scene.

@enaidealukal9203 4 жыл бұрын

my only gripe is that the video is only 10 mins- I want moar, dammit!

@Emcee_Squared 4 жыл бұрын

I held a neutrino in the palm of my hand for a planck second and it slipped right through.

@jamesdriscoll9405 4 жыл бұрын

The neutrino sun never sets

@tracyh5751 4 жыл бұрын

The best crossover on all of youtube.

@mattym8038 4 жыл бұрын

Seeing these two side by side conversing, is like I'd imagine for comic book fans, seeing Superman chat with Captain America. 🤣

@feynstein1004 4 жыл бұрын

DC and Marvel collaborating? In what multiverse? 😏

@TheMarrethiel 4 жыл бұрын

@@feynstein1004 probably a steady state one...

@feynstein1004 4 жыл бұрын

@Marrethiel Fair enough lol

@dominicditmyer6261 4 жыл бұрын

This is the most ambitious cross-over event of all space-time

@crowlsyong Жыл бұрын

Don and Matt are like...my two favorite people. I love what you guys have done for humanity. Thank you so much.

@dmanagable 4 жыл бұрын

Dr. Don Lincoln on Spacetime! Physics IS everything!

@sadderwhiskeymann 4 жыл бұрын

Maybe you'll find antiMatt coming out of the tunnels

@DFPercush 4 жыл бұрын

Time Space PBS, host he will

@sadderwhiskeymann 4 жыл бұрын

There see did you what!!!

@johnborden9208 4 жыл бұрын

@@DFPercush Maybe Yoda got lost in the tunnels too!

@sadderwhiskeymann 4 жыл бұрын

@@johnborden9208 hahaha

@familyfilmmaking 4 жыл бұрын

Which one has the goatee? They're usually the evil one.

@RandomGuy33369 4 жыл бұрын

I catch ghost particles with a proton pack

@RobertKaucher 4 жыл бұрын

Just don't cross the streams!

@justsuperdad 4 жыл бұрын

"... for breakfast."

@knyghtryder3599 4 жыл бұрын

The real question do proton packs decay??

@sdfkjgh 4 жыл бұрын

Knyght Ryder: Near the beginning of the sequel, Egon mentions their fuel source having a half-life of (if I remember correctly) 10,000 years.

@kdhavle 4 жыл бұрын

They aren't really ghost particles - they're ghost waves.

@WackyAmoebatrons 4 жыл бұрын

And remember: spacetime is everything.

@3800S1 4 жыл бұрын

lol, was looking for this comment.

@Robert08010 4 жыл бұрын

If time is money and spacetime is everything, can it be deduced that spacetime is moneytime?!?!!

@pressaltf4forfreevbucks179 4 жыл бұрын

@@Robert08010 if time is money then are ATM's time machines? A a T time M machine

@WackyAmoebatrons 4 жыл бұрын

@@Robert08010 Na, spacemoney is everything.

@Robert08010 4 жыл бұрын

@@WackyAmoebatrons "Space money makes the world go around, the world go around, the world go around..."

@vovacat1797 4 жыл бұрын

Neutrinos try reeeally hard but still fail at being massless particles.

@nias2631 4 жыл бұрын

Probably need a ketogenesis diet.

@lordgarion514 4 жыл бұрын

They're being successful at trolling humans. If they were either massless or quite a bit more massive, our theories would work. But their mass just happens to fall in a very narrow range that completely screws with us. They're doing it on purpose.

@Toddawaddles 4 жыл бұрын

@@lordgarion514 Read a post on reddit some guy made about neutrinos being proof that God is a complete ass. Funny to think of this being the kind of exasperated humor the standard model is directly responsible for.

@feynstein1004 4 жыл бұрын

There's no escaping the Higgs field, my friend 😏

@tedlis517 4 жыл бұрын

Confusing that Dr Lincoln says the neutrinos are traveling at the speed of light.

@a-blivvy-yus 4 жыл бұрын

"We love you" "And we love you" "And that's how you study the most elusive particles in the universe" Love confirmed to be the most important part of science - you heard it here first, folks! PBS Space Time approves of your public displays of affection!

@binaryalgorithm 4 жыл бұрын

5:15, that's actually a really intuitive way to think about why certain interactions are low probability.

@klauskervin2586 4 жыл бұрын

I literally just binged all of Don Lincoln's videos last week so this crossover is a hugely welcomed surprise! Thanks Space Time and Fermi Lab for this great crossover!

@deathscreton 4 жыл бұрын

This episode was far too short for how amazing it was. I love me some collabs and one between Fermi and Spacetime is amazing. Definitely need more of this!

@comet1954 11 ай бұрын

Wouldn't you love to be a fly on the wall of the cafeteria whilst these two were discussing this episode....

@syed1431 4 жыл бұрын

*Marvel* : we had the most ambitious crossover *PBS and fermilab* : hold our liquid argon

@datboyace13 4 жыл бұрын

There he goes again walking around freely outside of his studio set.

@959tolis626 4 жыл бұрын

That Matt and Dr. Don bromance at the end is almost heartwarming, like my heart may or may not have been hit by a neutrino beam.

@danieljohnston8056 4 жыл бұрын

I've thought for a long time that protons needed to be improved

@juniorballs6025 4 жыл бұрын

Stripes at least 👍

@thesinofpride9433 4 жыл бұрын

Relax, half of them will have decayed in about 10^32 years or so... Maybe :)

@141Zero 4 жыл бұрын

@@thesinofpride9433 Like boomers?

@randomguy263 4 жыл бұрын

@@141Zero Those will have decayed slightly before that.

@zoopdterdoobdter5743 4 жыл бұрын

Just off camera, there was a crew of exuberant, extroverted and impeccably dressed homosexuals "updating" the test chamber with recessed lighting fixtures and adding a hide-away chest of drawers to the muon source. 🤔I assume next week they'll add a _cozy little breakfast nook_ to the protons.

@sixstarhorizon295 4 жыл бұрын

Is this some kind of crossover episode? Awesome stuff from my two favourite science KZfaq stars.

@kapsi 4 жыл бұрын

Yes.

@dennisdonovan4837 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much for this great piece of collaborative work ... it’s so refreshing to see people supporting and encouraging each other. 👏🏽❤️

@juriskrumgolds5810 4 жыл бұрын

Two of my favourite physics channel hosts in the same vid! Such a blessing!

@PanchoKnivesForever 4 жыл бұрын

WOW!!! This has been one of the BEST espisodes YET!!!!! The Explanations are always so... CLEAR! :)

@GiacomodellaSvezia 4 жыл бұрын

As to content, the two channels do not overlap, but complement each other. I like them both.

@141Zero 4 жыл бұрын

Imagine what they could do with 10 times the budget

@mcarp555 4 жыл бұрын

What? Cancel an aircraft carrier or a fleet of warplanes? Whut's wrong with you?

@ExcludedLayman 4 жыл бұрын

This, but RGB.

@TheReaverOfDarkness 4 жыл бұрын

With 10x the budget, they could build a more efficient system and increase their detection rate 25x over. It would answer the same questions but faster.

@Alorand 4 жыл бұрын

They could spend 10 times more money? /s

@DoodleDan 4 жыл бұрын

@@mcarp555 that's hilarious but sad because it's true

@Sara-wv3ms 2 жыл бұрын

I visited this lab in college. One of the most amazing things. I wanted to add some details. The detector is actually tons of little cells, filled with the liquid which creates a blue lights when a neutrino hits it. The neutrino beam actually has two particles, as it travels, it splits and there is another lab being built to detect these that split from the straight beam. The cell detectors use fiber optic cables to detect these tiny blue lights and all these cells are than mapped out. I asked, so how do you know that the particles and neutrinos and not something else. We don’t know, just that it is far underground so limits possibility of most other stuff. Now, out of these trillions a second, I believe it was something like 1 or 0 neutrinos get detected per day. The amount of neutrinos detected was very low. Now the following is my own opinion and I am not physicist: we don’t actually know what these are or what is being detected, these theories aim to describe a natural phenomena, that is the extent of its truth.

@da1otta 4 жыл бұрын

Two of my favourite science channels collaborating! Shout out to Dr Don!

@kinarkhar 4 жыл бұрын

Im so happy that i have access to this kind of content. Thank you all, PBS Studio!

@NewMessage 4 жыл бұрын

We need some kind of.. I dunno.. busting squad... Not sure who to call, though.

@khalnetherfields7263 4 жыл бұрын

Ooh call it 'the new York City drama critics club'

@gr8withan8playz 4 жыл бұрын

The neutrino busters

@butHomeisNowhere___ 4 жыл бұрын

Ghost Hunters?

@catslovedogs74 4 жыл бұрын

Fuk uuuuuuuu

@pressaltf4forfreevbucks179 4 жыл бұрын

You dunno, that's great, lets call it D.U.N.E.

@relariistheparadox221 4 жыл бұрын

If only I had seen this video a few days ago. I've just been on board the experimental particle physics express for knowledge's sake, and tried to explain to someone at a party why it was exciting that we were doing neutrino research. Then they asked "well what can we do with that?" And I had to concede that I did not know. And now thanks to this I do, after the conversation *sigh*

@maythesciencebewithyou 4 жыл бұрын

Even if you didn, he'd probably kept asking "what for" and call it a waste of tax money.

@justsuperdad 4 жыл бұрын

If it wasn't a geek party, the additional knowledge would not have helped. Fear not, we can be your Spacetime party friends. No matter what that other guy was trying to pull.

@Merennulli 4 жыл бұрын

Just answer that kind of question with "It'll make iPhones smaller".

@thePronto 4 жыл бұрын

You should have been talking to Amy or Bernardette, and not Penny: you might have got some action.

@Robert08010 4 жыл бұрын

But doesn't that perfectly fit the laws of entropy?!? I mean. You can't have the answer before the question is presented. The universe just doesn't flow that way.

@lydianlights 4 жыл бұрын

This was really cool! I didn't know Fermilab had a youtube channel. Seeing the behind-the-scenes of real experiments is pretty rad.

@joebostick7474 4 жыл бұрын

Yet another excellent episode. Love these crossovers. Keep them coming !!

@EladLerner 4 жыл бұрын

"We love Space Time" "And we love Fremilab" AWWWWWWW *_*

@QDWhite 4 жыл бұрын

Like anyone here didn't already know who Dr. Lincoln is.

@andybeans5790 4 жыл бұрын

I didn't, honest (physics is everything)

@georgehugh3455 4 жыл бұрын

Does he hunt vampires too?

@enaidealukal9203 4 жыл бұрын

@@zutaca2825 yeah same. Glad I learned about him though, Fermilab channel's videos are great (better late than never and all)!

@Devolver3.0 4 жыл бұрын

So glad you did a crossover with Fermilab, their channel is also fantastic and Dr. Don Lincoln is a very entertaining and knowledgeable host

@byGDur 4 жыл бұрын

Just awesome! Thank you to everyone involved for the research and the video production and presentation :) love the video

@readjordan2257 4 жыл бұрын

Whooooo! Dr.Lincoln!!!! Be careful, hes a time crystal wizard

@matthewh78 4 жыл бұрын

They just pulled off the Double Host experiment with a lot of observers.

@sarapagano 4 жыл бұрын

Matt, thank you!!! The missing silly intro music and slower pace of talking is greatly appreciated. One of the reasons I enjoy Don's videos is his tempo. I have to watch both your videos many, many times to absorb them all (which I do), and the music and fast pace can grate on my nerves. Also, my two faves together! Thank you a lot... Sara

@bazurk_dot_com 4 жыл бұрын

I watch a lot of youtube, but i can honestly say, this by far has been my favorite chancel since i found it six months ago or so.Thank you for helping me expand my mind by making such amazing content. i look forward to more amazing videos to come.

@pressaltf4forfreevbucks179 4 жыл бұрын

Finally, the episode is realised for free.

@CloudsGirl7 4 жыл бұрын

Ah, neutrinos for the neu year. ...And yes, I can hear your collective groans, everyone on KZfaq.

@amineaboutalib 4 жыл бұрын

I love you

@henkvandermeer4183 4 жыл бұрын

This was so easy to understand, thanks:)

@cholten99 4 жыл бұрын

Nice! One of my friends has been working on the detector end of Dune for years. Great to see this getting some publicity.

@DigBickLick 4 жыл бұрын

I love how the antimatter-matter asymmetry is always talked about as a "tiny" or "small" difference given all the matter the universe contains.

@DFPercush 4 жыл бұрын

yeah, but it also contains a lot of empty space. Kinda makes you wonder, if there was that much mass at the beginning, such that what's left over is considered a tiny amount, why didn't everything just immediately collapse into a black hole? And why isn't the cosmic microwave background, the cosmic X-ray background instead? /shrug

@DFPercush 4 жыл бұрын

actually never mind about the X-rays. The universe was opaque at one point, the gamma rays would have been absorbed.

@amineaboutalib 4 жыл бұрын

@@DFPercush because black holes are about density gradients not densities

@enaidealukal9203 4 жыл бұрын

@@DFPercush its all relative though- objects like stars or galaxies may seem like they contain a LOT of matter, relative to the objects we're familiar with here on Earth, but compared to the space between them (the space between star system and star system, galaxy and galaxy, galactic cluster and galactic cluster, etc.) they are absolutely minuscule. The average density of matter in space is only something like one atom per cubic centimeter!

@Nico-kd7uz 4 жыл бұрын

"The neutrino! The most elusive particle!" Dark matter laughing at the back

@pressaltf4forfreevbucks179 4 жыл бұрын

Stolen bro. From me btw.

@johnborden9208 4 жыл бұрын

Ah, but do we even know for sure that Dark Matter is a particle?

@Lokrion 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you for this episode. Don is truly one of the great explainers of our time.

@milosinclair4002 2 жыл бұрын

For some reason it just blew my mind that you can draw a line from your feet any angle down and it will eventually reach a point where it goes OUT of the earth, without curving. Makes me unnervingly aware that I’m just attached to a huge ball floating in space

@RandyJames22 4 жыл бұрын

Just say no to fonts that have the number "1" and lower-case "l" look nearly identical.

@lonelycubicle 4 жыл бұрын

Randy James I, for 1, wish we could like twice!

@devasiathomas2213 4 жыл бұрын

100 trillion neutrinos?

@DFPercush 4 жыл бұрын

one, L and eye

@Robert08010 4 жыл бұрын

Just today I was thinking of "a rose by any other name" and then I thought: Would a name by any other font be as tweetable?

@johnborden9208 4 жыл бұрын

I agree, but it escapes me how neutrinos fit into this discussion.

@timsullivan4566 4 жыл бұрын

"Got a neutrino, you just can't detect - Who ya gonna call? Ghost Particle Busters!"

@m_i_g_5108 4 жыл бұрын

I laughed because it's a lame joke. It's so forced you gotta say it fast. 7/11

@timsullivan4566 4 жыл бұрын

@@m_i_g_5108 "I ain't afraid of no quark!"

@johnborden9208 4 жыл бұрын

Sorry, that one went right through me. Oops, I mean over my head.

@tanmoydutta5846 4 жыл бұрын

I, literally, had goosebumps on my skin to see both of them together

@aniksamiurrahman6365 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you, professor Don Lincoln. Thanks, PBS for the colab.

@3tou6bi88 4 жыл бұрын

"the most elusive particle" of known matter

@victorbruant389 4 жыл бұрын

" I... [clears throat] I walked around the exterior of FERMILAB building 4. I think there's Ghost Particles on the ground in the rubble." "You didn't see Ghost Particles." "I did." "You didn't. YOU DIDN'T! Because it's NOT THERE!"

@WeMayBeFarApart 4 жыл бұрын

Fantastic collab, would love to see more collabs in the future with other science communicators :)

@ignacioflorescenoz9457 4 жыл бұрын

We need more videos like this!

@snbeast9545 4 жыл бұрын

As a PC enthusiast, Fermilab's cable management is offensive.

@brokentombot 4 жыл бұрын

As a plumber I'm giving them a Mario-Approved 5 Stars. Did you see those pipes!?

@Gam3B0y23r0 4 жыл бұрын

Well... when you scale up your PC size to several kilometers, and you only use non commercial custom DIY parts... your aesthetics taste of PC gamer, shifts towards more refined dystopian steam/cyber-punky sides..

@hoodglasses8237 4 жыл бұрын

Aaaaaaaay i live 5 minutes away from Fermi Lab. That's all I have to say.

@knyghtryder3599 4 жыл бұрын

Some how this comment isn' t top for relevance...

@guytech7310 4 жыл бұрын

Does the Neutrino beam pass in the direction of your home?

@supersmashbghemming6445 3 жыл бұрын

Dude same

@hansisbrucker813 4 жыл бұрын

The best science crossover ever 😁

@macbitz 4 жыл бұрын

Love this stuff. Admittedly I only understand about 5% of it at best, but I love that these guys are doing what they do.

@jnawroc 4 жыл бұрын

I know this is a case of Dunning-Kruger effect, but I always thought that the question why there was more matter than antimatter would be neatly explained by something resembling the bubble universes. What I mean is there is a random fluctuation in the matter/antimatter ratio in any given volume of space, but the “global” ratio would still be 1/1. We just live in a local bubble that happen to have the ratio marginally to the mater side, but because of the inflation and space-time expansion we would be never able to observe other more balanced (or even anti-matter heavy) patches of space. I know this is untestable /probably/. Also, I know that people who actually have years of studies and published papers on the subject must have entertained that idea (because, despite my mammalian instincts to the contrary, I am not the sole person capable of coming up with that), but I've never heard it discussed or proposed - please do tell me, why is that so. Is there some obvious /obvious to astrophysicists/ reason why that idea is pure nonsense, or is it just too speculative and philosophical in it's nature that it's not really worth being talked about, or maybe something else?

@Vasharan 4 жыл бұрын

IANAAP, but if there were clumps of matter clouds/clusters/galaxies and antimatter clouds/clusters/galaxies, we should be seeing more gamma ray sources when they run into each other. And we have seen many examples of galaxies that have collided or will collide or were involved in a past collision. Now one could argue that perhaps a matter/antimatter split happened early enough in the history of the universe that cosmic inflation spread the matter and antimatter clumps apart, but we can also look for primordial gamma rays and use that to establish lower bounds for this hypothesis. AFAIK, there aren't many proponents of the hypothesis that there are equal parts matter and antimatter in our observable universe.

@BitJam 4 жыл бұрын

It is extremely improbable (to the Nth degree) to have such a large clump of mostly matter only because of a statistical fluctuation. It would be like flipping a coin N times and have it always come up heads every time where N is the number of particles in the Universe. Might as well say "God made it that way". Yes, if you have a large enough meta-verse to form the bubbles in then it's possible to have such unlikely bubbles but you would still need to explain why were are in such a very unlikely part of the meta-verse. Almost any weird experimental result could be chalked up to being an extremely unlikely statistical anomaly but saying that is basically giving up on science. It's more fun and interesting to see if there is a less unlikely explanation.

@FunkyDexter 4 жыл бұрын

BitJam that is not what he is saying though. Due to the expansion of the universe, the ratio between matter and antimatter interacting at the time of the Big Bang needed to make our universe possible is very close to 1. So even an extremely small fluctuation in an inflating universe would produce a bubble. And I think this concept is actually explored in inflation theory but I'm not sure it is been taken in account very much.

@jnawroc 4 жыл бұрын

@@Vasharan Just to make myself clearer, I was thinking of the bubble with marginally more matter being at least one order of magnitude larger than the observable universe.

@jnawroc 4 жыл бұрын

@@FunkyDexter Thank You, that is exactly what I was trying to say, I was worried that I wasn't clear enougth.

@tehbonehead 4 жыл бұрын

Ahem. Most elusive particle *that we know of.* 😉

@SayNo2Books 4 жыл бұрын

Love the on location episodes. Keep it up.

@jonahhekmatyar 4 жыл бұрын

6 days in and we already have an awesome crossover, awesome

@fuseteam 4 жыл бұрын

_hears fermilab_ me: ya gotta meet don _sees don_ *freaks out* _rewatches_

@sumilidero 4 жыл бұрын

Yep when i saw building i immediately though about Dr Don, few seconds later Mat is talking to him..fast spawn

@fuseteam 4 жыл бұрын

@@sumilidero ikr twas a great collab

@hurtighansen1 4 жыл бұрын

Am sure, i have lots of particles in my vacuum cleaner

@LaunchPadAstronomy 4 жыл бұрын

Nicely done, and boy does it bring back memories of my visit to Fermilab!

@MiddleAgedGuy73 4 жыл бұрын

OMG, I love this guy! Great team up!

@utubecorporatetroll 4 жыл бұрын

Who You Gonna Call: Ghost Particle Busters

@DryeLint 4 жыл бұрын

This episode feels a bit too heavily cut down.

@CroatInAKilt 4 жыл бұрын

It's fun to see these two communicating with the same dramatic pauses and inflection that they use in their videos. Kind of like Siri and Alexa having a conversation, except more entertaining.

@llamallama1509 4 жыл бұрын

I love these two channels individually. Not sure it works too well together, at least in this format / setting

@michaelelbert5798 4 жыл бұрын

Everybody knows that it borrows its energy from the future and pays it back when it's interacted with..

@Robert08010 4 жыл бұрын

Is that why they avoid interacting? Because like most people, they don't want to pay up and give up the ghost?

@TheBlueB0mber 4 жыл бұрын

I can finally say “I believe in ghosts” thanks science!

@dillonkian559 4 жыл бұрын

So good to see 2 great channels of youtube coming together for science and education

@gavinhatch5483 4 жыл бұрын

What a great channel. I believe that I have learned more from this channel than I have from school.

@onehundredpercentass2787 4 жыл бұрын

Why do they use liquid argon?

@garethdean6382 4 жыл бұрын

Certain nuclei are more prone to interacting with neutrinos than others. For example deuterium requires a high energy neutrino to split it into two protons but tritium will interact with any energy neutrino to form helium 3. Argon-40 is a susceptible nucleus that requires no purification, is common and can form a liquid through which signals can travel easily.

@onehundredpercentass2787 4 жыл бұрын

Thanks! This looks like some sort of neutrino's "chemistry" - a phenomenological approach on how neutrinos interact with different nuclei. The difference from actual chemistry is that chemical substances interact via valence electrons, i.e. through electromagnetic force rather than weak force.

@thom1218 4 жыл бұрын

Basic questions go unanswered, like: what's so special about Argon that it's the "choice" atom to detect neutrinos? Why even mention it if it goes unexplained?? Just call it "a detector" and be done with it.

@knyghtryder3599 4 жыл бұрын

You should be a sit-com director classic!

@coder0xff 4 жыл бұрын

My guess is that it's a cheap noble gas.

@ilijajovanov3857 4 жыл бұрын

I do not understand much since i never got the chance to study physics properly but I follow every content you make and little by little i learn something , thank you for the great video

@GoatOfTheWoods 4 жыл бұрын

Don Lincoln! One of my favs!

@Rowdouble 4 жыл бұрын

Who you gonna call?? Ghostbusters!

@zoperxplex 4 жыл бұрын

"Why is there something rather than nothing?" Next you will be asking whether the universe is nothing more than the product of my imagination.

@anarchyantz1564 4 жыл бұрын

Well if you think it therefore it is.

@splo1nger909 4 жыл бұрын

You may have a point there, or did i imagine it?

@richardbraakman7469 4 жыл бұрын

The universe the product of your imagination? That's silly. It is the sum.

@tomf3150 4 жыл бұрын

Richard Braakman Isn't it the convolution of one's imagination ?

@bloodsin28 4 жыл бұрын

OMG DR. DON LINCOLN!!! THANK YOU SPACE TIME FOR DOING MY REQUEST!

@peterb9481 11 ай бұрын

Love this episode. Interesting science. Love PBS SPacetime. Love Fermilab. Great to see collaborations. Great to see ‘field trips’.

@Haploanddogs 4 жыл бұрын

Cross over between 2 of my favorite youtubers!

@DravenKSW 4 жыл бұрын

I love how Don casually says they are going to send a super intense beam of neutrinos through the Earth from Chicago to South Dakota to a detector one mile underground. The engineering that happens for these enormous Physics experiments blows my mind.