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This video serves as an introduction on how to identify angiosperm trees using their twigs. If you have any questions about the video please ask me in the comment section below :)
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Vocabulary:
Alternate: Buds are staggered, don’t arise directly across from each other.
Apical (or terminal) bud: Buds that reside at the end of a twig.
Bud scales: Modified leaves that surround a bud.
Bundle scar: Where the leaf was attached to the plant’s vascular tissue.
Corky ridges: Flat, fanning outgrowth from twig.
Glabrous: Smooth, hairless.
Imbricate: Bud scales overlap each other like shingles.
Internode: The space between two nodes.
Lateral (or axillary buds): Buds that reside on the sides of a twigs.
Leaf scar: Represents a place on a twig where a leaf was attached.
Lenticels: Pores on a twig that allow for gas exchange to occur between the inside of the twig and the outside air.
Naked: No bud scales present, buds protected by modified leaves.
Opposite: Buds arise directly across from each other.
Node: A node is where buds attach to the stem.
Pubescent: Has tiny hairs or fuzz.
Resin: An organic substance that is insoluble in water and is secreted by plants.
Stipule scars: Remnants of leaf-like structures (stipules) on a twig.
Valvate: Bud scales meet in the middle, don’t overlap.
Whorled: 3 or more buds arise from the same node.
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Species used in video:
Acer negundo L. (Box-elder)
Acer saccharum Marshall (Sugar maple)
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal. (Pawpaw)
Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K.Koch (Bitternut hickory)
Catalpa spp. (Catalpa)
Cercis canadensis L. (Eastern redbud)
Cornus sericea L. (Red-stemmed dogwood)
Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold (Burning bush)
Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch (Kentucky coffee tree)
Juglans nigra L. (Black walnut)
Liquidambar styraciflua L. (Tulip tree)
Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder (Amur honeysuckle)
Magnolia spp. (Magnolia)
Platanus occidentalis L. (Sycamore)
Populus deltoides (Eastern cottonwood)
Pyrus calleryana Decne. (Bradford pear)
Quercus velutina Lam. (Black oak)
Salix spp. (Willow)
Sassafras albidum (Sassafras)