Introduction to LCD
In this article, I have explained how to interface LCD with PIC18f4550 and PIC16F877A microcontroller? LCD also known as liquid displays are widely used these days for displaying characters, numbers, and graphics. They are more advanced displaying devices as compared to simple LEDs or Seven Segment displays. They are also used because of the following reasons:
The declining prices of LCDs.
Ease of Programming.
They have the latching ability.
Incorporation of refreshing controlling sets CPU free to refresh it.
There are different manufacturers of LCDs and they do come in many styles. Some of the LCDs are are 16×2 size, some are 20×2 etc.
Uses of LCDs
A 16×2 LCD, or 16 by 2 Liquid Crystal Display, is a popular and versatile display choice for many electronic projects. Here are some of its common uses:
Displaying Text and Numbers: This is the most basic and widespread use. With 16 characters per line and 2 lines, it can show essential information like sensor readings, time, status messages, or simple menus.
User Interfaces: In combination with buttons or rotary encoders, a 16×2 LCD can be used to create menus for user interaction. This allows users to control devices or browse options.
Informative Displays: In DIY projects or hobbyist electronics, a 16×2 LCD can display data from sensors or microcontrollers. This can be useful for things like weather stations, thermometers, or data loggers.
Custom Characters: While it primarily displays text, some 16×2 LCDs allow creating custom characters. This enables showing icons, symbols, or special characters that enhance the information display.
Pin description of LCD
There are 8 data lines (8 pins) for displaying the characters/numbers on LCDs. On these data lines microcontroller will be sending data for display. There are control pins: RS (Register Select), R/W (Read/write: W is an active low pin. It means write operation can be performed by sending 0 logic to it). E (enable Pin).
What is the RS pin of LCD?
Register Select (RS) is used for selecting the internal register of LCD. There are two internal registers corresponding to this pin.
Data Register
Command Register
Command Register
If RS=0 then command register is selected. The command register is used for issuing commands to LCD. These commands are used for configuring the LCD. The configuration involves the selection of the internal matrix, clearing data of LCD, cursor blinking and positioning the cursor etc. Here is the list of the commands that can be used for configuring the LCD.
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