How to make a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)

How to make a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) | 2: Hardware Design

Рет қаралды 31,441

Жыл бұрын

In this video, I go over the hardware design process of my variable frequency drive project.
VFD mitigates high initial current:
what-when-how.com/motors-and-d...
RC filter animation by Andrew Duffy:
physics.bu.edu/~duffy/HTML5/RC...
Video detailing separating ground planes:
• Ground Planes with Pow...
Link to VFD prototype Schematics:
github.com/MatanPazi/VFD/blob...

Пікірлер: 73

@laszlovona 5 ай бұрын

Man, I watched all 3 vfd videos and the level of presentation you provide is off the scale. I am speechless. 👌👍

@OdedArlevski Жыл бұрын

Super informative! Thanks for sharing the process and the knowledge you gained while working in it 💪🏼

@jhcapital4301 3 ай бұрын

Great work. Recently, I have been fixing a VFD board. Your video has lifted my understanding to another level. Thanks heaps.

@djtransnazgrz 7 ай бұрын

I have a few pointers. Your mention of splitting ground planes usually refers to mixed signal circuits, where analog and digital low voltage signals are concerned. Inverters have thier control boards always galvanicly isolated. Instead of those small integrated dc-dc bricks they use a single smps running off the main dc rail with isolated windings powering each isolated subcircuit. Also current measurement is done on 2 sometimes on all 3 phases. One thing missing from your inverter is any brakeing circuit. A brakeing chopper transistor and a braking resistor are used to keep dc rail in check, as when you brake electronically, the energy goes back to the capacitors raising the voltage. If you brake without any resistor connected, the voltage will go well above normal and blow up the module or caps.(ask me how I know) Best of luck with your project. I would love to see how it turns out.

@Muhammet_Akkan Жыл бұрын

Thank you for Video. I was looking for video about hardware used in vfd drives. that was good.

@laurentserra3767 Жыл бұрын

Great video. I am currently making a 115V/400hz power supply and your project is very interesting. I did not know STGIPQ which seems to be the right solution for my projet. I'm gonna read very carefully the AN4043 application note. Thank you very much for this work and sharing your knowledge.

@matanpazi3777 Жыл бұрын

Thanks a lot! Happy to hear it helped. Good luck on your project!

@kaluvanhariharan4256 Жыл бұрын

Very informatic. good luck

@trep2pandai Жыл бұрын

I learn it more and more.

@CarlosIFPR 2 ай бұрын

Beautiful Work!!!😀

@h_techelectronics4456 Жыл бұрын

Nice work by the way 👍

@gokulprasanth Жыл бұрын

Very interesting, informative video 💥

@matanpazi3777 Жыл бұрын

Thanks!

@azeddineabdoune814 Жыл бұрын

Good work, thanks 👍!

@danhellgren5671 Жыл бұрын

Very good explained. Looking forward for the software section as I am doing something similar, except I am using STM32.

@matanpazi3777 Жыл бұрын

Thanks! Good luck with your project. SW video will probably be uploaded within a month.

@qzorn4440 7 ай бұрын

Very interesting. 😎 Thank you.

@user-uk5ep9hm5k 9 ай бұрын

Excellent ❤

@molitovv 8 ай бұрын

What ripple voltage did you allow after the rectifier and before the power stage?

@Ryrzard 11 ай бұрын

One issue with a charging resistor is that it doesn't solve huge current spikes during normal operation due to a very short conduction angle. Such large capacitance means that the peak current through the rectifier is many times the current draw of the device. This leads to higher losses and, more importantly, a lot of harmonics introduced. High power diode rectifiers like that create a lot of noise on the AC side which may affect other electronics. Even without PFC rectifiers, this can be partially remedied by adding a relatively large inductance after the rectifier. A 10 mH choke would smooth out the current spikes and it may also remove the need for the charging resistor altogether since the current is now limited by how quickly the choke current can raise since there's no longer a dead short between L and N. Cost-wise, the charging resistor circuit is a lot cheaper than appropriately sized choke (which is still cheaper than a 2 kW active rectifier) so it may be fine for a diy solution.

@manutpunpook9197 4 ай бұрын

Sir, As per the circuit diagram. We can supply the single phase input right?

@johnstilwell9462 Жыл бұрын

Thank you Mr. Pazi. This is one of the clearest explanations of VFD operation and design I have seen. I plan to share this with my engineers and technicians to improve their understanding of VFD theory and operation. As a side note, what CAD software do you use? Thanks again. Kind regards, John Stilwell

@matanpazi3777 Жыл бұрын

Wow, really appreciate it, thanks! For the schematics and PCB layout I use EasyEDA, a very intuitive and free to use software.

@johnstilwell9462 Жыл бұрын

@@matanpazi3777 Thanks for the info - IU will try it out. Cheers!

@D.V.D.V Жыл бұрын

Awesome project to begin with! I am also designing my own VFD and use your videos as a reference design guide. However, I do have a question about the DC-bus capacitors. As shown in the video you used the following formula: Farad = Ampere*second/Volt. The formula itself is clear, but in the sidenotes of the schematics you used 8[A] as current for the capacitors. How did you determine this? Since it is DC I thought it could be done with I=P/U, but then I don't get the same value.

@matanpazi3777 Жыл бұрын

Check this video out by Schematix: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/eaeJftGglpzblXk.html

@khalidshaffi 11 ай бұрын

Kindly show wiring connections for single phase motor!

@christianadanparedescarden3877 Ай бұрын

Thanks a lot!

@jeremyangisi3264 Жыл бұрын

Sir, how did you calculate for the bus capacitors. Your calculated value is 26665 micro farad but you use less than that on the capacitor bus. Can you clarify pls. Thanks

@matanpazi3777 Жыл бұрын

*2666[uF] You are correct, I explain my decision here 5:58 Pretty much due to cost and space + hoping it'll work OK.

@thechortlechannel Жыл бұрын

Hello sir, I want to talk to you can you provide anything where we can connect

@SanelKeys 11 ай бұрын

Why didn't you try to use STM8S, it has 1 advanced control timer with 3 complementary PWM pairs?!

@manickn6819 Жыл бұрын

This is a really good video. Sad you have not gotten more views. KZfaq's algorithm is not optimal. I have videos that I do not think are great but they have more views than others which explain more.

@matanpazi3777 Жыл бұрын

Thanks. Hard to tell what will interest people.

@user-ml6mg2pf4r 6 ай бұрын

Hi,bro✋ I want make a vfd for single phase motor Of course my English is not good and I didn't fully understand what you said in the video Can you help me ?

@lohikarhu734 11 ай бұрын

i wondered if you could use a FET to discharge the caps, after switch-off...or a tiny relay off the AC input, to switch on the bleed resistors...or an optoisolator, from the AC input, which pulls down the gate of the discharge FET (a bit of RC, too) until the AC goes away, at which point the FET gets biased on, and pulls down the capacitors to some lower voltage...

@matanpazi3777 11 ай бұрын

There are definitely better ways to implement the bleeding of the capacitors. Not sure what relays/opto isolators can be fed by AC voltage, but there's probably some solution to this problem.

@lohikarhu734 11 ай бұрын

@@matanpazi3777 I figured out a circuit that could use an optocoupler, with a single diode from AS into a small R/C, so that the optocoupler holds down the gate of a FET, when AS is present, then allows the High Voltage DC to bias the FET on, as soon as the AC is gone for a second or two, which allows the FET to pull down the high voltage caps, through a fairly fat resistor, quickly, but without having the bleed resistor active when running... might be able to use this for soft start, too... Anyway, just an idea

@botak333 3 ай бұрын

Hi sir, after rectifier ac 220v ac, it become 310v dc right, how to reduce?? Because my motor only acept 200v@@matanpazi3777

@user-du4eo3yr9u 9 ай бұрын

Can you give me a complete wiring diagram please?

@jorgemaker4622 Жыл бұрын

Hi Matan very interesting project :))) Is the schematic of your project published anywhere ?

@matanpazi3777 Жыл бұрын

Hey, thanks :) I'll upload it to my VFD Github repository (Will add a link to the description) in a week or so, on vacation ATM

@matanpazi3777 Жыл бұрын

Uploaded schematics to GitHub. See link in the description.

@robotonic9100 11 ай бұрын

your work is marvelous but i face some difficulty with your program which have (ISR (TIMER0_OVF_vect); { ) This error..could you help me if you have some free time.

@matanpazi3777 11 ай бұрын

Thanks :) Look at the comments in lines 54, 55. I assume that's the reason for the error you're getting.

@Krunalbhongade 23 күн бұрын

Thank you for sharing all the videos, these are really helpful. However, I observed that u used 125V rated fuses in line with motor output, whereas ur system is designed for 230 V. Can u please explain this difference in the rating. Thank u

@matanpazi3777 23 күн бұрын

My pleasure. How so? The JFC2410-1800FS is rated for 250 AC voltage according to the datasheet.

@Krunalbhongade 23 күн бұрын

@@matanpazi3777Here it shows it to be 125V. www.lcsc.com/datasheet/lcsc_datasheet_2305151202_Shenzhen-JDT-Fuse-JFC2410-1800FS_C2994765.pdf

@Krunalbhongade 23 күн бұрын

Thanks for your reply. Please see this datasheet in the link. It says 125V for 8A. www.lcsc.com/datasheet/lcsc_datasheet_2305151202_Shenzhen-JDT-Fuse-JFC2410-1800FS_C2994765.pdf

@Krunalbhongade 23 күн бұрын

@@matanpazi3777 Thanks for the reply. I am referring datasheet from LCSC here. It says so. www.lcsc.com/datasheet/lcsc_datasheet_2305151202_Shenzhen-JDT-Fuse-JFC2410-1800FS_C2994765.pdf

@waitin4thateeeeeeeg 2 ай бұрын

Hello Sir. When you increase the speed while keeping v/f constant and keep the load constant, does the input current increase?

@matanpazi3777 2 ай бұрын

Certo, as the output power increases (~torque*speed) so does the input power (V*I)

@waitin4thateeeeeeeg 2 ай бұрын

@@matanpazi3777 V*I*(Power Factor) for AC circuits. As the frequency increases the impedance in the stator windings increases which lowers the power factor.

@waitin4thateeeeeeeg 2 ай бұрын

@@matanpazi3777 When I do a thought experiment I predict that the input current will remain constant as V/Hz increases, as long as the load remains the same.

@waitin4thateeeeeeeg 2 ай бұрын

@@matanpazi3777 If power factor correction was done on the motor, so a capacitor was added in the circuit to match the motors inductive reactance, the only impedance would be the resistance in the stator winding. I think the voltage needed to run the motor would be much less 🤷🏾‍♂️

@wiradharma7030 Жыл бұрын

I also build my own vfd, yours was way much better. The difference is the motor driver ic, the relay and bleeding resistor, 1 phase to 3 phase capabilities, and i just use arduino uno because i was too lazy to build my own atmega 328 circuit. Nice job👍 Add: I do not see a step up transformer, your 2kw motor will only ouput around 1.5k without it.

@matanpazi3777 11 ай бұрын

Thanks! And nice for creating your own VFD. Can you please elaborate regarding the step up transformer?

@wiradharma7030 11 ай бұрын

@@matanpazi3777 no step up, most commercial vfd only use voltage doubler.

@matanpazi3777 11 ай бұрын

@@wiradharma7030 oh, but my VFD's output voltage is the motor's rated voltage, why would I need to step up the voltage?

@wiradharma7030 11 ай бұрын

@@matanpazi3777 did you know constant v/freq? Variable freqyency drive doesn't only control the frequency but the duty cycle. By controlling the duty cycle you control yhe average voltage. If you want to build something that already exist, first learn the current model then make your improvement. I made commercial vfd because i could improve current design, if not i just simply buy one. I mean why the hassle if i could buy one for few $$?

@matanpazi3777 11 ай бұрын

@@wiradharma7030 Can you please give a link to source explaining the need for step-up transformers in normal operation VFDs? Only found this: mb-drive-services.com/vfd-output-transformers-where-do-we-need-them/ And the most relevant reason was this: "VFD can certainly adjust the inverter voltage, but at lower voltages the power is reduced. If the customer wants the same power at each voltage level or relatively high power at lower voltages, the output transformer is beneficial." This really isn't an issue for my application.

@h_techelectronics4456 Жыл бұрын

Hi, it's me again 😁I know you are tired of me already but I need to know the best programing language to use when programing an Arduino, thanks in advance.

@matanpazi3777 Жыл бұрын

I wrote the code in the Arduino programming language which is pretty much C++. You can find the code here: github.com/MatanPazi/VFD