Hungary's great tragedy? The Treaty of Trianon

  Рет қаралды 952

Centre for Eastern Studies (OSW)

Centre for Eastern Studies (OSW)

Күн бұрын

🔵 The Treaty of Trianon was signed in 1920 following World War One at the Paris Peace Conference between the WWI Allies and the Kingdom of Hungary.
🔵 In Hungary it is often called the Dictate of Trianon and many Hungarians say it is Hungary's greatest tragedy.
🔵 After the First World War the Austro-Hungarian Empire was split. Why did Hungary lose territory?
🔵 How much of the Hungarian speaking population lived outside the new borders? Is the Hungarian minority outside Hungary still significant? Is the Hungarian minority in Romania keen to join the Schengen zone? Is the Hungarian minority in Slovakia pro-European? Is the Hungarian minority in Serbia loyal? Does the Hungarian minority in Ukraine maintain cross-border contacts with Hungary?
🔵 Does EU membership help Hungary with the Hungarian minorities outside its borders? Does the Hungarian minority nurture its culture and language?
🔵 What voting rights to Hungarians who are not Hungarian citizens have? Can non-Hungarian citizens gain Hungarian passports?
🔵 Does Hungary harbour irredentist or revanchist or territorial revisionism policies? Will a Greater Hungary reemerge? Is the Hungarian minority important in Central Europe?
🔵 Is the Treaty of Trianon for Viktor Orban have importance? What is the political legacy of the Treaty of Trianon?
🔵 Subscribe and turn on notifications 🔔 so you don't miss any videos: / @centreforeasternstudies
🎙️ Listen to our conversations on Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/369Umim...
🔵 Follow us on Twitter: / osw_eng
➡️ More OSW long-form reports and analysis in English here: www.osw.waw.pl/en

Пікірлер: 25
@user-uy6gx8bo6l
@user-uy6gx8bo6l 7 ай бұрын
Yeah, Slovaks just loved Hungarian nationalism and forced Magyarization of their land!
@First_GalacticEmpire
@First_GalacticEmpire 2 ай бұрын
Slovaks become a nation in the seco d half of the 19th century... Sooo no there is no ethnical slovaks basically living there... And you guys do the same so do not yapping
@vercingetorix264
@vercingetorix264 6 ай бұрын
Justice for Hungary !
@FerencBulker
@FerencBulker 6 ай бұрын
Before World War I, only three European countries declared ethnic minority rights, and enacted minority-protecting laws: the first was Hungary (1849 and 1868), the second was Austria (1867), and the third was Belgium (1898). In contrast, the legal systems of other pre-WW1 era European countries did not allow the use of European minority languages in primary schools, in cultural institutions, in offices of public administration and at the legal courts.[2]
@peterjanossy7033
@peterjanossy7033 2 ай бұрын
Another correction, the people's self-determination was not allowed by the ENTENTE after WW1: After World War I, despite the "self-determination of peoples" idea of the Allied Powers, only one plebiscite was permitted (later known as the Sopron plebiscite) to settle disputed borders on the former territory of the Kingdom of Hungary,[21] settling a smaller territorial dispute between the First Austrian Republic and the Kingdom of Hungary, During the Sopron plebiscite in late 1921, the polling stations were supervised by British, French, and Italian army officers of the Allied Powers.[22]
@boomerix
@boomerix 6 күн бұрын
I thought the Austrians were pretty butt hurt about Southern Tyrol that was annexed by Italy and still has a large German population? Tho I guess since schengen that has also lost relevance. Open borders within the EU makes ethnically diverse border regions much less of an issue. If you can just drive across to visit family and friends the logo of your passport isn't as relevant anymore. Also since we are all NATO members, of worst comes to worst we all fight on the same side. Because of that most people born after the fall of communism care less and less about old grudges.
@puffyish
@puffyish Ай бұрын
The name of the country 100 years ago was Austria-Hungary not kingdom of Hungary 👎🏻👎🏻👎🏻👎🏻👎🏻
@lauraghibuventimiglia9121
@lauraghibuventimiglia9121 Ай бұрын
It Is not true that the Hungarian minority was more oppressed by the communist regime in Romania then the other citizens! I lived in Transylvania in that period and I saw that Hungarians had schools ( from kindergarten to university), theaters, operas, all in Hungarian. People spoke Hungarian freely, they didn’t have to change their name or last name from Hungarian to Romanian. They were respected by the community for what they were. Definitely different from what my romanian family had to endure under the Appony rule, while Transylvania was a part of the Habsburgic empire ( not Hungary, even if they think they had a state). Give proof of the “assimilation policy” you are talking about! I think that Hungarians have an obsession with the “assimilation culture” since they tried to do that to the population they managed in the Austro-Hungarian empire. They just couldn’t grasp that those regions were gifted to them by the power of the Habsburgic rule, not because they earned it or deserved it. To the interviewer: please ask relevant questions! Otherwise this seems to be just a therapeutical session for the interviewed. Saying all these, I had Hungarian colleagues and friends that I loved and treated with respect, and never thought less of because of their ethnicity or because of the history between us. People are people.
@lauraghibuventimiglia9121
@lauraghibuventimiglia9121 Ай бұрын
!
@lauraghibuventimiglia9121
@lauraghibuventimiglia9121 Ай бұрын
What???? “The assimilation was difficult because the the Hungarian is such a different language”??? Not because the Hungarian minority ( at least in Romania) is guaranteed educational , administrative , political and cultural rights??? Please analize the truth, not false propaganda. The interviewed is contradicting himself - “there are political parties in Romania”. According to Romania's minority rights law, Hungarians have the right to education in their native language, including as a medium of instruction. In localities where they make up more than 20% of the population they have the right to use their native language with local authorities. The same does not apply to the Romanian minority in Hungary!
@Anton_Danylchenko
@Anton_Danylchenko 7 ай бұрын
The dissolution of empire that rules different (completely unrelated) nations can hardly be called a tragedy. Hungary captured and rulled neighboring nations for centuries and Hungarised part of those people. Not all of those people wanted to be rulled by Hungary. There was very different treatment of those nations - e.g. compare tratment of Croats with treatment of Slovaks and Rusyns. The treatment of Rusyns was on the level of chauvinism and discrimination. E.g. one Hungarian bishop once visited the church in the area where Rusyns lived. He was invited to the dinner by a family of local priest. There he strongly criticised the priest that his daughter still spoke "barabian language". Compare it to Czechoslovakia where Czechs, Slovaks and Rusyns/Ukrainains lived together with respect to each other.
@herptek
@herptek 7 ай бұрын
Can this treatment be considered on bigger empires as well? Consider partitioning of Russia.
@Anton_Danylchenko
@Anton_Danylchenko 7 ай бұрын
@@herptek Of course, Russian Empire was partitioned. Then it unfortunately was resurrected in a form of USSR and recaptured almost all lost territories. They failed to recapture Poland and Finland, but they tried to. Now it is the similar scenario: USSR was partitioned (this time in a legal way) but Russian Federation tries to recapture lost lands. Unfortunately those cycles will continue until Russia is completely partitioned into much smaller parts. But Russia has nukes. And the West fears the dissolution of Russia, the same way they feared the dissolution of USSR and even tried to persuade Ukraine not to leave USSR. Unfortunately due to Western cowardice Russia is about to remain intact and de facto with imperial ambitions. When West realizes that this was a huge mistake it will be too late. Russia and other similar dictatorships will create hot conflicts throughout the World with the aim to ruin the World order and redraw the spheres of influence.
@herptek
@herptek 7 ай бұрын
@@Anton_Danylchenko The red army had to be fought off from the Baltics as well the first time around. The second time they didn't even bother to make a fuss about it, it just took some singing. Why not a third round while we are at it? Karelia is still not free. Finland can take the nuclear stockpiles on Kola Peninsula for better safekeeping, for just altruistic reasons of course. Just so some renegade officer with intercontinental arsenal doesn't decide to blow up the world for Russia going down for good. It would require annexing White- and Olonets Karelia as well, for starters. Estonia can get Ingria.
@Anton_Danylchenko
@Anton_Danylchenko 7 ай бұрын
@@handle1603 Unfortunately that was the real story about "barbaric language" and not an anecdote. Of course there were some ethnic tensions in Czechoslovakia as well. However Czechoslovakia had 10 times better treatment of minorities than e.g. Poland or Romania. At least this is the fact for treatment of Rusyn/Ukrainian minority in 3 countries. I do not know much about how Czechs and Slovaks treated Hungarians on their territory at that time. But I can imagine that Hungarians created tensions themselves due to lack of the wish to be loyal to Czechoslovakia. Regarding the lost Hungarian ethnic territories. I can say for sure only for South-Eastern Slovakia. There are maps of XVIII century were those territories are clearly shown as ethnic Rusyn (to the the east of Kosice) and ethnic Slovak (to the west of Kosice). Hungarians resettled there and Hungarised local population only in XIX century.
@herptek
@herptek 7 ай бұрын
@@handle1603 Humor aside, all this is easy to understand and pretty obvious in my opinion. Whats is more interesting is that why only some countries or ethnic groups gaining self-rule over themselves and a rule over minorities living in their midst is considered a positive thing and the complete opposite in other cases. When there are different ethnicities competing for control over the same territory it is basically impossible to be fair and impartial about it, but if any contender of such a dispute would come to be convinced that it is wrong for ones own group to play by the same rules as its competitors surely that group would diminish even before a fight. To have a country is to have a dignity of believing in its fate and rightful position in the world, even if that means coming into conflict with demands of minorities or neighbouring countries. If this is argued to have been the right thing to do to Hungary, which wasn't a huge country in European stantards in any case, why is it always so wrong or at least sensitive matter to propose to have the same treatment visit Russia, which is gigantic multi-ethnic behemoth, entirely unnatural as far as ethnic lines are considered.
@peterjanossy7033
@peterjanossy7033 2 ай бұрын
Some corrections: Hungary did not lose any territory, when the WW1 ended in Europe. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon During the war, Count Mihály Károlyi led a small but very active pacifist anti-war maverick faction in the Hungarian parliament.[31] He even organized covert contacts with British and French diplomats in Switzerland.[32] On 25 October 1918 Károlyi had formed the Hungarian National Council. The Austro-Hungarian monarchy politically collapsed and disintegrated as a result of a defeat in the Italian front. On 31 October 1918, in the midst of armistice negotiations, the Aster Revolution in Budapest brought the liberal Károlyi, a supporter of the Allies, to power. On the 1st of November, Mihály Károlyi's new Hungarian government decided to recall all of the troops, who were conscripted from the territory of Kingdom of Hungary, which was a major blow for the Habsburg's armies.[33] King Charles had no other option than the appointment of Károlyi as prime minister of Hungary. The Hungarian Royal Honvéd army still had more than 1,400,000 soldiers[34][35] when Károlyi was announced as prime minister. Károlyi yielded to President Wilson's demand for pacifism by ordering the unilateral self-disarmament of the Hungarian army. This happened under the direction of Minister of War Béla Linder on 2 November 1918[36][37] When Oszkár Jászi became the new Minister for National Minorities of Hungary, he immediately offered democratic referendums about the disputed borders for minorities; however, the political leaders of those minorities refused the very idea of democratic referendums regarding disputed territories at the Paris peace conference.[38] Disarmament of its army meant that Hungary was to remain without a national defence at a time of particular vulnerability. The unilateral self-disarmament made the occupation of Hungary directly possible for the relatively small armies of Romania, the Franco-Serbian army, and the armed forces of the newly established Czechoslovakia.[39][40][41] After self-disarmament, Czech, Serbian, and Romanian political leaders chose to attack Hungary instead of holding democratic plebiscites concerning the disputed areas.[42] On the request of the Austro-Hungarian government, an armistice was granted to Austria-Hungary on 3 November 1918 by the Allies.[43] Military and political events changed rapidly and drastically after the Hungarian unilateral disarmament: On 5 November 1918, the Serbian army, with the help of the French army, crossed the southern borders. On 8 November, the Czechoslovak army crossed the northern borders. On 10 November d'Espérey's army crossed the Danube River and was poised to enter the Hungarian heartland. On 11 November Germany signed an armistice with Allies, under which they had to immediately withdraw all German troops in Romania and in the Ottoman Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire back to German territory and Allies to have access to these countries.[44] On 13 November, the Romanian army crossed the eastern borders of the Kingdom of Hungary. During the rule of Károlyi's pacifist cabinet, Hungary rapidly lost control over approximately 75% of its former pre-WWI territories (325,411 km2 (125,642 sq mi)) without a fight and was subject to foreign occupation.[45]
@iklil539
@iklil539 14 күн бұрын
شكرا على التفاصيل التي ذكرتها . يبدو ان فرنسا و بريطانيا و قوى أوروبية أخرى كانت لها نية مبيتة قبل الحرب العالمية الأولى ، على تفتيت الكيان السياسي و العرقي للشعب المجري ، وكانت الحرب العالمية الأولى فرصتهم ! قامو بنزع الأرض ومنحها للبلدان الأخرى التي تعاونت معهم ، و الخطير في الأمر أنهم حرمو الشعب المجري من منفذ على البحر ، وجعله معزولا عن العالم ! . أنا من المغرب ، أستغرب عندما ألاحظ وجود عدد كبير من الأطباء و المهندسين من رومانيا و بلغاريا يشتغلون هنا منذ عدة سنوات ، و لا أجد مهندس مجري واحد ،و توجد مبادلات تجارية قوية بين رومانيا و بلغاريا مع المغرب ....وللأسف لا توجد مبادلات تجارية مع المجر ، أعتقد ان سبب ذالك هو عدم وجود ميناء مجري على البحر . ولكن رغم كل هذا يجب على السياسيين المجريين القيام بمجهود من أجل عقد إتفاقيات مع بلدان خارج أوروبا، مثل المغرب ، لتمكين الشركات المجرية من إستثمار الموانئ المغربية و تمكين الشركات المجرية من التصدير إلى الأسواق الإستهلاكية الصاعدة مثل إفريقيا و أمريكا اللاتينية و إسبانيا و البرتغال . تحياتي لك من المغرب 🇲🇦🤝🇭🇺
Dissolution of Hungary : Treaty of Trianon
19:57
M. Laser History
Рет қаралды 181 М.
СҰЛТАН СҮЛЕЙМАНДАР | bayGUYS
24:46
bayGUYS
Рет қаралды 650 М.
Sigma Girl Education #sigma #viral #comedy
00:16
CRAZY GREAPA
Рет қаралды 57 МЛН
Chips evolution !! 😔😔
00:23
Tibo InShape
Рет қаралды 40 МЛН
Glow Stick Secret 😱 #shorts
00:37
Mr DegrEE
Рет қаралды 142 МЛН
A Nation Dismembered - The 1920 Treaty of Trianon in Hungarian Poetry
1:00:04
The Treaty of Versailles: 100 Years Later
43:39
Gresham College
Рет қаралды 359 М.
The Territorial Evolution Of HUNGARY
14:08
General Knowledge
Рет қаралды 401 М.
Russland, China, Iran: Front gegen den Westen | Doku HD | ARTE
1:33:43
NEW CALEDONIA | A New Insurgency?
14:07
Prof James Ker-Lindsay
Рет қаралды 66 М.
Hungarian Foreign Policy between the World Wars
1:46:05
CERES at Munk
Рет қаралды 254
The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union -- Lessons for Socialists
1:08:30
BreakThrough News
Рет қаралды 55 М.
СҰЛТАН СҮЛЕЙМАНДАР | bayGUYS
24:46
bayGUYS
Рет қаралды 650 М.