Thanks for your support. I completed my studies and now doing a job but even now I occasionally see ur videos to learn new topics. i will never forget how much your videos helped me to clear the exams during my studies. Thanks!!

Tomorrow my cn exam and sir has uploaded yesterday ❤

🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation: 00:00 🌐 *ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a network layer protocol always used with IP (Internet Protocol). It addresses the unreliability of IP by providing error messages to the source host.* 01:26 ⚠️ *IP is unreliable because if a packet is lost, there's no way to report the error to the source host. ICMP helps control errors but cannot correct them.* 02:36 📊 *ICMP messages include error and query messages. Error messages: destination unreachable, time exceeded, source quench, parameter problem, redirection. Query messages: echo request/reply, timestamp request/reply, router advertisement.* 05:16 ⌛ *Time Exceeded ICMP message is generated when the TTL (Time to Live) field in a packet hits zero, or when fragments of a large packet don't reach the destination router in time.* 08:51 🚥 *Source Quench ICMP message indicates congestion or flow control issues at a router. Host adjusts transmission accordingly, either waiting or slowing down.* 10:26 🛑 *Parameter Problem ICMP message is sent if there's an invalid header field in a packet, signaling an issue with the packet's header.* 11:33 🔄 *Redirection ICMP message occurs when an intermediate router suggests a better path for a packet, providing an alternate route to the destination host.* 12:57 🔄 *Query messages like Echo Request/Reply, Timestamp Request/Reply, and Router Advertisement are used to gather information about network performance and share routing information.* Made with HARPA AI

Sir, when will other layers be uploaded? Also thank you so much for everything!

Thank you so much sir 🙏

tq sir..

Thank you sir 🙏

Thank you sir 🙇