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Idiosyncrasy refers to genetically determined abnormal reactivity to a substance. This substance may be either drug or food materials. This is defined as- "non Immunological hypersensitivity reaction caused by the substance in a specific individual not connected with pharmacological toxicity." The drug interacts with the unique feature of the individual, not found in the majority of the subjects, and produce a characteristic reaction.
Idiosyncrasy is a Latin term which means all those reactions which are applicable to only a few people of population. These reactions are not seen in all people of society, but it is applicable only to genetically modified persons. the adverse reaction is not related to immunological response or immunologically initiated hypersensitivity. Idiosyncrasy is not related to pharmacology dose and duration and hence it cannot be pre-detected before intake of the drug.
In addition, certain bizarre drug effect due to peculiarities of an individual are included in Idiosyncrasy. Here are a few important points about Idiosyncrasy
(1) This is an individual abnormal drug behaviour
(2) Usually congenital but may be acquired
(3) A hypersensitivity reaction is not related to drug dose and duration
Examples- (1) Barbiturate cause excitement and mental confusion in some individuals.
(2) Quinidine causes cramp. diarrhoea and angioedema in face and hypotension in some people.
(3) Deep vein thrombosis in a woman taking oral contraceptive
(4) malignant hyperthermia in halothane
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