@komigennufan Thank you for your feedback. I will take this into consideration in future videos! Also, all our videos have full closed captions if that makes it easier to understand me.

Thank you for the information!

Glad to hear that!

The oscillator is used to drive the coil and detect changes to the magnetic field as metallic objects enter into the field and disturb it. To answer your second question here is an excerpt from a well written wikipedia article - "When power is applied, the resulting oscillation is a high frequency alternating electric current in the coil that has a constantly changing magnetic field able to induces eddy currents in proximal (target) conductors. The closer the target is and the greater its conductivity (metals are good conductors, for example), the greater the induced eddy currents are and the more effect their resulting opposing magnetic fields have on the magnitude and frequency of the oscillation. Its magnitude is reduced as the load is increased in a non-magnetic conductor like aluminum because the induced field in the target opposes the source induction field, lowering net inductive impedance and therefore simultaneously tuning the oscillation frequency higher. But that magnitude is less affected if the target is a highly magnetically permeable material, like iron, as that high permeability increases the coil inductance, lowering the frequency of oscillation." Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_sensor

LOL! Good eye! Those are custom keycaps that I made for a keyboard I designed on WASDkeyboards.com

The inner workings of these digital Datalogic inductive sensors (proximity) are a series of elements designed to read changes in oscillating magnetic fields. They include the following circuits: 1. Field sensor 2. Oscillator 3. Demodulator 4. Flip-flop 5. Output These specific sensors have a few wires coming out of them. 2 for power and one for the output. The output can be connected to whatever PLC or circuit you design for your purposes. For more general information proximity sensors and how they work check out this article: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_sensor

These particular sensors are very small, which directly relates to their sensing distance. For inductive sensors the larger the sensing surface, the larger the sensing range. For examples the induction sensors used in roads for monitoring traffic have a diameter of over 3 feet and can sense the present a vehicle sitting well above 10 inches from their surface. The size of the magnetic field generated by the inductive sensor is generally directly related to the size of the sensor itself. If you had a much larger inductive sensor you could easily detect a metallic object 25-30mm away, however the size and material properties of that object will dictate how "sensitive" the sensor would have to be. Also remember that ANY other metallic objects within that larger sensor range would also trip the sensor. Your fixtures would have to be made of another material. In short, an inductive sensor can "see" metal when it interferes with the magnetic field it produces. If the object isn't ferrous or too small to create enough interference you would most likely be better off with a photoelectric sensor. The small range on these sensors help them eliminate any false positives. For automation purposes where a metal surface will pass directly over the sensor these are perfect. For longer range sensing of objects usually photo electric sensors provide better results.

For the Datalogic inductive sensors there is no way to tune the distance they sense (like you would focus a camera). The operating distance (range) of Datalogic inductive sensors is determined by the diameter of the sensor and the shielding type. The magnetic field they produce that detects metals is proportional to the diameter. For example an unshielded sensor with an 8 mm diameter can detect as far as 1.5-3 mm while a 30 mm sensor can detect 10-20 mm. The variance in those ranges is dependent on the type of material being detected (ferrous metals have increased range). I'd recommend using a sensor with a longer range than needed, then recessing the sensor farther away from the part being detected to reach the desired distance.

NPN transistors are theoretically more efficient than PNP transistors due to electron theory versus hole theory.

Inductive sensors can detect the presence of stainless steel, but it will have a reduced sensing range due to the reduction factor of SS. Materials are not "attracted" to the sensor, they are just detected by the change in the electromagnetic field. There are special non-ferrous metal inductive sensors that can more easily detect SS. A retro-reflective photo sensor is entirely different technology. It relies on the reflective properties of the target and requires line of sight. You do not need to see the metal you are detecting with an inductive sensor. Photoelectric sensors and inductive sensors operate very differently.

Sinking and Sourcing are terms used to define the control of direct current flow in a load. A sinking digital I/O (input/output) provides a grounded connection to the load, whereas a sourcing digital I/O provides a voltage source to the load. A sourcing input will always provide power to a sinking output. Whereas a sinking input will provide resistance for the sourcing output which provides power for the circuit. More explanations are found in this article: instrumentationtools.com/difference-between-the-sinking-and-sourcing/

A 3 wire sensor would have 1 for power, 1 for ground and 1 for the signal to be sent to a PLC.

@@FlexibleAssembly With my experience if a system that uses an NPN sensor to trigger something (for example) a universal PNP/NPN will not work with factory wiring of the machine.

I'm not sure what type of machine you are referring to. Typically any NPN or PNP sensors would be plugged into a programmable logic controller (PLC) which would handle the signal and logic that it drives. If a machine requires a sensor to be plugged into it directly that you would have to use the specific sensor listed in their specifications. Datalogic doesn't sell any inductive sensors which are 'universal PNP/NPN'. They have one type of circuit or the other. It would be the PLC that could be universal to handle either type of sensor.

The sensing distance cannot be adjusted for these inductive sensors. Each sensor (depending on size, shielding, and type) has a fixed distance that it can sense. This range changes based on the type of metal being sensed. Ferrous metals will detect farther away than non-ferrous metals. Data sheets are available for each sensor which provide a sensing range diagram based on different metals.

It is an Inductive Sensor Tester from Datalogic. Basically a circuit which connects a battery and LED to the sensors so can you wire them up and test their function before installing.

Considering most car batteries are 12V I would guess the ECU would need somewhere between 9-14V to operate properly. That is just a guess. There will be a min/max for the specific model ECU, that information you would need to get from the manufacturer to ensure you are providing ample power without damaging the unit.

They don't provide enough info on how the ecus work totally other than the basic technician level.

I'm sorry I can't provide more information to help you on the matter, someone who's expertise is in automotive electrical engineering could provide you with much better information. Good luck!

These specific inductive sensors have a recommended operating range of (-25 ... +70 °C). At temps below -30C I'd assume the resistance to shock impacts would drastically drop in these models. Special inductive prox sensors for industrial freezers rated to -100C seem to have better shielding to reduce these issues. I'm unsure if increasing voltage would help with lower temps.

We do sell the Datalogic Sensor Tester / Power Supply. Please email info@flexibleassembly.com and use the part number 95ACC2850. It is a special order part, we don't have a product page for it (yet).

This video is specifically talking about inductive sensors, which can only detect metal. You may have a photo sensor or a different proximity sensor. Plastic can't interfere with the electromagnetic field generated by an inductive sensor so it's impossible to detect the presence of plastic alone. Perhaps the plastic you are using has metal parts within it, or the sensor is mislabeled. NPN or PNP makes no difference when it comes to detection of an object, it's just the way the circuit is configured.

Thank you for the information. I have anothet question. Is it possible for the inductive sensor to read as metal if i put non metal material that has a liquid in it

You're welcome! An inductive sensor would not be able to 'see' a non metal material with or without liquid in it. Only metal would disrupt the electromagnetic field enough to trigger the sensor. Metal suspended within a fluid could set it off however.

Almost, but not quite. One will provide a grounded connection to the load, whereas the other provides a voltage source to the load.

Strange! Perhaps trying a different browser will help. We don't run ads on our videos so I don't think it would be a conflict with any ad blockers you may be running.