Internal Energy, Heat, and Work Thermodynamics, Pressure & Volume, Chemistry Problems

Рет қаралды 433,183

6 жыл бұрын

This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into internal energy, heat, and work as it relates to thermodynamics. It explains how to calculate the change in the internal energy of a gas as well as the pv work that occurs during gas compression or expansion. This tutorial also incorporates boyle's law as it relatives to pressure - volume work. This video contains plenty of examples and practice problems.
First Law of Thermodynamics:
• First Law of Thermodyn...
Thermochemistry Equations:
• Thermochemistry Equati...
Internal Energy, Heat, and Work:
• Internal Energy, Heat,...
Thermochemical Equations:
• Thermochemical Equations
Specific Vs Molar Heat Capacity:
• What Is The Difference...
________________________________
Basic Calorimetry Problems:
• How To Solve Basic Cal...
Final Temperature Calorimetry Problems:
• Final Temperature Calo...
Latent Heat of Fusion & Vaporization:
• Latent Heat of Fusion ...
Coffee Cup Calorimeter:
• Coffee Cup Calorimeter...
More Calorimeter Problems:
• Bomb Calorimeter vs Co...
__________________________________
Specific Heat Capacity Problems:
• Specific Heat Capacity...
Hess Law Problems:
• Hess's Law Problems & ...
More Hess Law Problems:
• Hess Law Chemistry Pro...
Enthalpy of Formation & Heat Combustion:
• Enthalpy of Formation ...
Enthalpy Practice Problems:
• Enthalpy Change of Rea...
__________________________________
Speed of Light, Frequency, & Wavelength:
• Speed of Light, Freque...
Final Exams and Video Playlists:
www.video-tutor.net/
Full-Length Videos and Worksheets:
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Пікірлер: 119

@TheOrganicChemistryTutor 5 ай бұрын

Final Exams and Video Playlists: www.video-tutor.net/

@pixelatedtrauma73 6 жыл бұрын

Your explanation of why w = -PΔV was incredible. Thanks a ton dude.

@bot7070 3 жыл бұрын

For some reason, there are barely any explanations to this equation on the internet. I've been trying to make sense of this equation was just gonna leave it up to being near the Enthalpy equation and call it a day but the thumbnail of this video called out to me and damn am I thankful for it.

@nikhilsaianand223 8 ай бұрын

I had same doubt bro ......

@melodiesbysophia 5 ай бұрын

Right? i was searching everywhere for a thorough yet concise explanation and ochemtutor came to save the day

@masonneal1654 5 жыл бұрын

Dude..let me just say that you are the reason I am getting through chemistry. Our professor left halfway through the year, and we were stuck with some bullshit instructors. Thanks for this. Keep it up you're extremely helpful.

@TrizzahTime 8 ай бұрын

This guy deserves a noble prize fr

@MellowofMarsh 8 ай бұрын

He’s the epitome of “Not all heroes wear capes”

@ObedAdi-wd3yl 2 ай бұрын

Nobel**

@preetitimes 4 жыл бұрын

For everybody watching this thermodynamics video is for CHEMISTRY not PHYSICS! So, if you are learning for physics it will not make sense and therefore is wrong.

@mehmetmehmeti5639 4 жыл бұрын

not wrong but the opposite.

@Matetas-gv8lj 2 жыл бұрын

@@mehmetmehmeti5639 we need some exposure for your comment

@facebook975 9 ай бұрын

How.pls

@odhiamboawino6772 6 ай бұрын

Once you watch the first video,the one introducing the concept of thermodynamics this observation becomes clearer,but you'd realize that both concepts,physics and chemistry give the same answer,what changes is how you treat work,i.e IN CHEMISTRY:∆u=q+w ;here when work is done on the system it is positive,and that is how the guy on this video has approached the first problem. NOW IN PHYSICS:∆u=q-w ;here when work is done on the system it is negative,so once you insert the value of work with its negative sign the equation becomes; ∆u=q-(- w) which takes you back to the chemistry point of view; ∆u=q+w Therefore both subjects are the same when it comes to the answer but just differ in approaches.

@jankuraido9393 4 ай бұрын

Some works for physics too. Like W=-P∆V then multiplying it with 101.3J to convert L•atm to J

@NaeemKhan-px8mc 6 жыл бұрын

Highly recommended! Very clear explaination with full concepts.

@TheRukhsar 5 жыл бұрын

Thank you for your help. I love your videos. They are very comprehensive and yet simple to keep up with. You saved me from a bad grade. :)

@gayathrianbalagan7130 4 жыл бұрын

Love u organic chemistry tutor.lots of love and respect from india.i finished my college 2014.in the 4 yrs gap I completely forgot chemistry.bcoz of my family issues .now Ian trying for job . I again start to prepare my subject. Struggled a lot.books not supported.searched chemistry lectures in utube.atlast I found ur videos .u r so helpful to me. No words to express .sincere thanks from my bottom of heart. U r rocking.keep going. I want to see ur face .it's my kind request.....u r helping millions of people. Thank u dear.love u.😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😘😘😘😘😘😘😘😘😘😘💐💐💐💐💐💐💐😍😘😍😘😍😘

@simovalentino6671 4 жыл бұрын

your videos help me pass chem. I watch your videos every single week and all I want to say is thanks you a really a life saver. The amount of students your videos help is exponential. I pray that you are getting what you deserve in the form of funds that will allow you to keep doing what you are doing. You are the G.O.A.T

@mafazchan6817 Жыл бұрын

Goat?

@Trynnagetmydegree__ 2 жыл бұрын

You're literally my professor for all my STEM classes. ILY❣

@abdulhananaziz4718 5 жыл бұрын

Awazing bro keep it up...

@sowmya79 3 жыл бұрын

change you name to "The Tutor" , coz you teach everything so well

@regularguy9043 2 жыл бұрын

You are amazing, 5mins in and I understand what my teacher has been trying to teach for the last week.

@adrinrem9513 3 жыл бұрын

The formula used in finding change in internal energy, the sign was opposite compared to what is being taught on us. The positive and negative of heat and work too.

@georgesadler7830 2 ай бұрын

Professor Organic Chemistry Tutor, thank you for explaining the basics of Thermodynamics and it's powerful impact on AP/General Chemistry. Once again, the practice problems outline the basics of Thermodynamics, which includes Internal Energy, Heat, Work, Pressure and Volume. This is an error free video/lecture on KZfaq TV with the Organic Chemistry Tutor.

@exnegronen Жыл бұрын

Your legacy will always be remembered✊️

@asifanasir6384 6 жыл бұрын

Very helpful!

@nazatulzuhairah4908 3 жыл бұрын

Man saved me countless times 🤧🤧❤

@wazironthebeat 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you very much I got clarity after your explanation

@marquezcarylg.8074 3 жыл бұрын

you deserve an award more than my profs thank you so much

@tanyaradzwabinari7529 4 жыл бұрын

best teacher everrr!!!!

@richmondoseitwumasi9975 2 жыл бұрын

I really enjoyed your lessons

@BD_9333 10 ай бұрын

Thank you so much sir, My chem teacher rushed with this chapter and I had no idea what waa going on, But you explained everything so clearly, I'm sure I have learned far better. Thank you so much 💗💗

@reyazhussain9502 2 жыл бұрын

You are amazing bro ... Stay tuned🎗

@blesapshtewan6024 3 жыл бұрын

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@champcornertv.4635 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you, it helped me a lot

@nathan8472 3 жыл бұрын

I'm using this for thermodynamics

@tinashemaka7762 3 жыл бұрын

Thanks Man yu are helping us a lot

@waseffarok 7 ай бұрын

You are crystal clear ❤

@bharurathi6203 5 жыл бұрын

very useful thank u sir

@wandilesihle9220 Жыл бұрын

If I had money I'd pay you, you've helped me a lot

@punishmentbegins 6 жыл бұрын

love you bro

@mrknowmyself 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much !

@mayareed02 3 жыл бұрын

you deserve the world for these videos

@AK-op4be Жыл бұрын

man, chem is a lot to understand but once you get it, it feels super easy.

@polypotterplayz2015 5 ай бұрын

watching this the night before my exam, Wish me luck guys I'll update you guys how it went after classes tomorrow

@bumxrr 3 ай бұрын

2 months later.......

@bhaktimutagekar6728 Жыл бұрын

Thank you so much💖💫

@angelfabian2202 11 ай бұрын

Thank you I’ve been struggling with this topic

@dominicbanda9665 3 жыл бұрын

This is powerful keeping on updating

@LemanBeats 2 жыл бұрын

God bless you my friend

@delta-7operativeAK 2 ай бұрын

Everyone here are students with bad teachers, I haven't gotten to Thermodynamics in school yet and simply watch this for fun. 😂

@somerandommadman38 2 жыл бұрын

I knew that this was going to be difficult but I never thought it'd be like trying to understand Latin

@ojukwuifunanya3872 Жыл бұрын

THANK YOU

@leenjundi3811 Жыл бұрын

man ilysm

@cartoonsandanimeforhumorandpea Жыл бұрын

On question 6 if the pressure was applied and the internal energy was kept constant would we still get 12156J if the internal energy is kept constant?

@AK-op4be Жыл бұрын

it took me SO LONG to learn that "work being done ON the system" meant that the SURROUNDINGS where doing the work, so w would be positive in the equation since work being done BY the SYSTEM is negative. 💀💀💀💀

@user-ul5lr8gq4m 3 жыл бұрын

Thanks you

@maxmoriarty6291 2 жыл бұрын

Using the gym narrative.. system input would be energy going in (I.e. food) & system out put would be work in the gym? Also, would you class surrounding in terms or climate? Hotter the climate the more energy in? Forgive me if I come across stupid just interested 😂 content is great!

@majinDuu 2 жыл бұрын

Damn why couldn't my lecturer just say this in the first place. TYSM

@michaelfuxeklint4909 Жыл бұрын

This box is very practical, myself, I use it for explaining autism 😁😁🤘

@BenardOnchieku-ny5qc 2 ай бұрын

Good difference of work done on the system Q+w and work done by the system Q-w

@justforfun-bt9sc 2 жыл бұрын

. In 3rd sum it is said that . -Surrounding gain 200 means system lost only know (-250) -Now last question surrounding observed mean gain only know that mean system lost only know so,(-500)

@netanelandargie9972 4 жыл бұрын

i dont get why P= external pressure when the inner gass does the work (in 16). why the work isnt equal to the integral of inner gass P(inner gass)ΔV?

@anilsharma-ev2my 4 жыл бұрын

Please findout workdone by an aneroid barometer in joules per unit volume of cell cylinder of an aneroid barometer ? Please please please

@Catastrophe699 2 ай бұрын

Once again thank you. I'll leave this comment rn cuz I'll probably use this video on college

@user-sf1rc1vq2b 2 жыл бұрын

how do you solve the pressure? something like this "Perry wants to design a heat engine with a piston that can produce at least 250 J of energy per pump. How much pressure can his engine make given that the container can only withstand a change in volume of 11.50 L when the gas is ignited."

@slutslutk3642 Жыл бұрын

It's lit✨👌

@laxrays Жыл бұрын

I apologize if you've answered this question, but for question 6, is P negative because work is being done on the system? Thanks :)

@charlscasquejo3776 9 ай бұрын

that was also I need to clarify... if in expansion P is negative, then in compression the P must be positive... or maybe W= -p•v is the standard formula🤦🏻

@bumxrr 3 ай бұрын

we add (-) to make the equation work due to sign conventions

@amirabasyouni2552 7 ай бұрын

I think there's a mistake in the video someone must have noted this but at 18:00 in the video, the work done by the gas in order to expand is supposed to be positive not negative, right? I apply positive work to an object to compress it and the object does positive work to decompress itself, right? To reinforce this logic, at 12:30 we talk about a force being applied on the gas (by the system) to compress it, clearly positive. The work done on the gas to decompress it is negative because the gas is doing the positive work to decompress itself. Can I please get a confirmation? I want to make sure I know my concepts

@bumxrr 3 ай бұрын

For the first question, when you apply work to a piston in order to expand it, the volume would increase resulting in a decrease in the pressure due to the force pushing the opposite direction. Hence the equation w=-PV in terms of signs would be, w(-) = (-P) (+V).

@zainabbashirmuhammadbashir7270 Жыл бұрын

Question 6: you said if a gas is compressed the p is positive

@charlscasquejo3776 9 ай бұрын

maybe it was a mistake, but I think pressure must be positive then the answer will be negative as W= 8 atm(-15L) W= - 12,156 J😫

@jezabelespila8419 Жыл бұрын

16:07 i love how he remove the little white dot. Because if he did not, I will jokkkk HHAHAHAHAHA

@ra9788 8 ай бұрын

The last question 500J is aborbed so it is endothermic but finally delta U is decreased, so it is endo or exothermic ？

@reena8715 8 ай бұрын

🥺 thanks

@bharurathi6203 5 жыл бұрын

7 question, q value _ 500 ,why u use +500 sir

@xtrarice8215 4 жыл бұрын

q was absorbed from the surroundings, in other words q was gained by the system, which gives it a + value

@MaulikSrivastava 4 жыл бұрын

System gains energy Surroundings lose energy So, q=+ 500J

@mulalomberegeni4004 2 жыл бұрын

i think work done by the system is positive and work done on the system is negative

@charlscasquejo3776 9 ай бұрын

no, if WORK done by the system it is negative as it do the work, then if WORK done on the system it will be positive as the system receive the work...

@yanggang4352 4 жыл бұрын

Last one is wrong: is the surroundings absorbe 500J then it should be -500J

@roser8036 4 жыл бұрын

The energy was absorbed from the surrounding. That means that the surrounding lost 500J

@yanggang4352 4 жыл бұрын

@@roser8036 Excuse me, if the surroundings absorb heat, doesn't that mean that flows from the system to the surroundings?

@roser8036 4 жыл бұрын

@@yanggang4352 yeah, that is correct. But the surrounding isn't absorbing heat in this question. The key word is from. That heat energy was absorbed "from" the surrounding not "to" the surrounding. for Ex. Money was given "from" the bank not "to" the bank.

@roser8036 4 жыл бұрын

@@yanggang4352 Not sure if any of that made sense lol. But the system absorb heat energy from the surrounding basically lol

@yanggang4352 4 жыл бұрын

@@roser8036 Yeah, I see your point. I find it a bit ambiguous, but now I get the other meaning. Thanks!

@juststarsuunny7822 2 жыл бұрын

if you love your students OC sir then u better heart this comment

@mrknowmyself 3 жыл бұрын

You decreased lots of entropy on so many people lol

@yousifnabil9091 6 жыл бұрын

i love you

@terryheathco5109 Жыл бұрын

Is this not more a thermaldynamics question

@michellephung1759 6 жыл бұрын

Actually, work done by the system is positive, while work done on the system is negative!

@prakritisingh2786 6 жыл бұрын

That's according to Physics, as it is concerned with surrounding. While in chemistry, the system is taken into consideration and so, the work done by the system is considered negative.

@pathbasics 6 жыл бұрын

thought asians were supposed to be smart? Mark wahlberg gets it.

@hashimkhan9719 5 жыл бұрын

Michelle what you said is absolutely correct. Let me ask you a question. what is minus? what is the physical meaning of minus? Negative is a something set by us human beings, not nature, so its about notations you use. Its not even about Chemistry or Physics. Book on Thermodynamics is written by Cengel and another author Mckonkie. They use opposite signs for work and Heat! Interesting isn't it?

@nhothangruaquen8368 3 жыл бұрын

wiiiiild

@rjaypangilinan4917 4 жыл бұрын

me studying: no one: random game ad pops up :))

@rosacamelasaguid262 2 жыл бұрын

I NEED MOOOOOOOORRREEE

@buayo475 4 ай бұрын

Am sorry sir I disappointed you on my test I got 11/14😢.

@bumxrr 3 ай бұрын

got 12/15

@preetitimes 4 жыл бұрын

The first problem you did was wrong as work is negative if it is done by the system!

@MaulikSrivastava 4 жыл бұрын

That question literally states that work is done on the system

@aminesa2531 Жыл бұрын

i hate physics cz always teacher talks about w and q without explaining what are those letters

@samueljames746 Жыл бұрын

These sign conventions are not for physics ... they're for chemistry

@OroFlows Жыл бұрын

#5 is worded in a very ambiguous way for no reason and that is unfortunately exactly how many professors and chemistry publishers teach it. Its unfortunate and frankly should be banned by the universities because people will get the problem wrong simply because of the confusion with "by" the gas "on" the gas "by the gas system" and "on the gas system", surroundings, ect. The net work being performed by the gas molecules is positive but the net work being performed by the gas system is negative. The question shortens gas system to just gas which is very misleading. In a real world application if you had a gas in a cylinder and your boss says how much work is that gas doing on the cylinder and you say its all good its not doing any work and something explodes you'll be in a lot of trouble and that's what we should be teaching towards in my opinion, real world work applications. Its all word games at the end of the day and that's not what science is about. A fair way to ask this question (#5) would be "A gas system expands from 25L to 40L at 2.5 atm. How much energy is gained by the gas?" You now can understand that the question doesn't pertain to the gas molecules specifically as much as it does the system as a whole. That's just my take. Nothing against the video. Just the way grammar in the U.S and Chemistry meet up to cause chaos. In other countries it's not worded like this so I understand the disagreements pertaining to these formulas. It's also why you get mixed answers from international tutors so be careful getting help internationally.

@timeless9820 Жыл бұрын

sadly, this is how the academic system is done. would they change it? doubtful at least tehre is a revolution, but a lot of those people want to keep how their own faculty needs to be different. it has nothing to do with real life. if that was the case many words would be changed in med school, law school but they still keep many old/dead language as part of their education.

@isaacgoldenberg2278 Жыл бұрын

I agree, the gas is doing positive work as it loses energy to the system by expansion. I would say the answer is flat out wrong. I guess the equation refers to the work done by the surroundings which in the case of expansion would be negative as the surroundings would gain energy.

@charlscasquejo3776 9 ай бұрын

@@isaacgoldenberg2278 his answer is negative -3799J which is correct, he just almost forgot it.