Kermanshah (Kurdish: Kermashan; Kurdish pronunciation) is the capital of Kermanshah province in Iran, the ninth most populous city and one of the metropolises of Iran.
The city of Kermanshah has a mild mountainous climate. The boundaries of the city end at Farakhshad Mountain from the north, Taqbustan from the northwest, and Safid Koh from the south, and it is one of the connecting highways between the East and the West and the oldest passage from Iran to the Middle River.
Kermanshah is one of the historical and cultural cities of Iran and its origin dates back to at least 3500 BC. M returns. This area was an urban settlement during the Parthian period and was selected as the second residence of the Sassanid kingdom in the fourth century AD, and from that time until the Arab attack on Iran, it was the second capital of the Sassanid government. During this period, large gardens were built in this pleasant area and it was a place of pleasure for Sassanid kings for a long time. Three centuries after the attack of the Muslim Arabs, two Kurdish governments, the Hasnavis and the Bani-Iyars, came to power in Kermanshah. During the Seljuk period, in the 11th century, Kermanshah was chosen as the chief city of Kurdistan. In the Middle Ages, the city of Kermanshah or Qarmasin was known as one of the four districts of Ajam Iraq. At that time, the state of Jabal was often called Iraq Ajam, so as not to be confused with Arab Iraq, which roughly corresponded to the area of ​​ancient Media. During the Safavid era, the Zanganeh Kurdish family formed a government in Kermanshah that lasted until the beginning of the 19th century. This city was under the rule of the Qajar dynasty during the Qajar era and became a place for commerce from the middle of the 19th century. Kermanshah played a significant role in the constitutional movement and was occupied by foreign forces in World War I and II and was evacuated after the end of the war. Also, this city suffered a lot of damage in the Iran-Iraq war.