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Is There Credible Archaeological Evidence Related to the Earliest Jesus Followers?
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2 жыл бұрынThis lecture lays out what I believe is the earliest archaeological evidence related to the followers of Jesus. The standard view of many historians--though not all--is that we have nothing from the early Christians until the late 2nd or early 3rd centuries. Here I deal only with materials that are prior to 70 CE. BTW, the lovely woman that is caught in the mirror to the right of the frame is my wife Lori--if you get bored you can watch her watch me!
For full documentation and elaboration see my book, The Jesus Discovery (www.amazon.com/Jesus-Discover...) and this summary of evidence presented at a special Society of Biblical Literature meeting devoted the book: "An Overview of the Tombs at Talpiot" (bibleinterp.arizona.edu/sites....
For an even more recent update see: "New Evidence on the James Ossuary and its Probably Connection to the Talpiot Tomb" (bibleinterp.arizona.edu/artic....
This lecture was part a Biblical Archaeology Society seminar, publishers of the premiere archaeology magazine, Biblical Archaeology Review. It is used with permission.
I encourage viewers to subscribe to the incredible BAS Library, with thousands of articles, books, and videos. There is nothing like this rich archive that covers every major topic and discovery for more than 40 years. Unlimited access to the library is available for a small annual subscription price, see: www.baslibrary.org.
@skronked 2 жыл бұрын
I'm an Ehrman groupie but now I'm starting to dig this guy!! He doesn't laugh at his own jokes...
@raydavison4288 2 жыл бұрын
Bart IS a giggler.
@sasquatchycowboy5585 Жыл бұрын
Tabor is an amazing speaker. He can stand in one spot and draw you in with just the tone of his voice.
@jimtussing Жыл бұрын
Haha! Bart’s laugh always makes me laugh with him.
@dissidentfairy4264 Жыл бұрын
Jokes aside, lol, there is no comparison between the two in my opinion, and that's coming from a believer. To me, Dr. Tabor seems far more knowledgeable than the rest. I listened to a so-called Bible scholar today who has three Master degrees and a PhD, and he said Nothing, it was a complete waste of my time.
@herringbone72 Жыл бұрын
@Dissident Fairy I totally agree. The mere reverence that Dr Tabor treats the subject matter speaks volumes to me.
@stewartkilleen675 7 ай бұрын
You're a breath of fresh air. Dedicated and inspiring scholarship 👌
@polkazoochief1137 2 жыл бұрын
Interesting talk. I'm seeing a Greek amphora which has the base connected which looks like a ball and the little flippers are the decorative handles. Because wine.
@kenmcclellan 2 жыл бұрын
Love the pentagonal crypt at 27:06. The tall Pentagon was a symbol for the right hand of the Father and the Staff of the Shepherd. It's like the Eye in the Triangle of the illumined naughty. Sign of our End. Goes back many thousands of years.
@Tracysbrokenwing 7 ай бұрын
It's hard to scratch in them. That's why the writing looks like that. Question answered😁 happy new year!!🤗❤️
@Ken_Scaletta 2 жыл бұрын
Re: the Gospel of Barnabas, if the cross was shaped like a T (meaning a Greek Tau), then they envision the crossbar as going across the top. The plus sign cross does not look like a tau in either upper or lower case (although, of course, lower case letters didn't exist yet).
@notanemoprog 2 жыл бұрын
This, unlike your other comment on here, is a relevant observation. Tabor needs to show that both + and T shapes were understood to mean "Jesus" or "Cross of Jesus" at the time to make his argument work
@jdaze1 Жыл бұрын
There was no crucifixion. Hebrews 5:7, Psalm 18, 41, 91. Thats the point of PASSOVER.
@sebolddaniel Жыл бұрын
This is so much better than listening to Bill Nye do a scientific refutation of Biblical children stories..
@Malakawaka 2 жыл бұрын
Great talk. I'm convinced
@firesabers 2 жыл бұрын
Where can I read Tabors paper that he presented the next day?
@bouncycastle955 2 жыл бұрын
James, Jim, Jimmy, Jimbo, Jamie, absolutely _are_ the same name. It's the same as Richard being Rich, Rick, Dick, Richie Ricky, Dicky, or William being Will, Willy, Liam, Bill, Billy, or Johnathan being John, Johnny, Jack, Jackie, etc.
@Yuyup7334 2 жыл бұрын
I think Jack and Jackie stem from Jacob, not Jonathan.
@bouncycastle955 2 жыл бұрын
@@Yuyup7334 it's not a question of where they stem from, Jack is an extremely common nick name for people named John. Find someone who goes by Jack, and odds are good that their real name isn't Jack or Jacob, it's John.
@mikev4621 Жыл бұрын
And Gianni
@dissidentfairy4264 Жыл бұрын
In my opinion you are the only non-believing Bible scholar I have found that's worth listening to. I won't name names but I listened to one today who said absolutely nothing! You always have interesting things to say!
@thouser1553 2 жыл бұрын
What kind of tomb did he call it??? It was at 13:44.
@KevinHoganChannel 2 жыл бұрын
yep
@scienceexplains302 2 жыл бұрын
The fish/vase looks like a vase/candle holder to me. It would seem to violate the ban on graven images, altho for all I know “image” may refer only to 3-dimensional representations.
@markrossow6303 Жыл бұрын
as another KZfaq channel puts it, "Told in Stone"
@onpurposeinternational 3 ай бұрын
Is it possible that the “t” isn’t a cross, but is a Hebrew tav?
@skronked 2 жыл бұрын
Rachmonanov?
@jesseterpstra5472 Жыл бұрын
The one symbol which was displayed among a large group of symbols looks a lot like the symbol "Chi-Rho" but no one said anything about that. Maybe because I grew up catholic I recognized it as such right away. But what does that mean for the timeline of these inscriptions? (Being that the symbol is associated with Constantine)
@ajeet490 Жыл бұрын
I'm sure the disciples of Jesus got out of Jerusalem pretty damn quick after the crucifixion. Perhaps met up in Galilee and then dispersed.
@mikev4621 Жыл бұрын
That 'cross' hidden behind the Pompeiian wall looks like more an Ankh
@flipflopski2951 Жыл бұрын
Lies and deceit are the only common elements that extend from the beginnings of Christianity onward.
@Madmen604 Жыл бұрын
If so you would have to include the old testament and the beginning of Judaism in your statement as well.
@flipflopski2951 Жыл бұрын
@@Madmen604 Consider them included!.. Thanks for the tip.
@WoundedEgo Жыл бұрын
I don't think it was a circle or a fish. I think it was a taco!
@sjoelestrada8181 2 жыл бұрын
It's a little disappointing to find out through this video that there's a lot of guessing when trying to interpret meaning of names, phrases, symbols and figures. To me that means that not everything in archaeology is science.
@johnmichaelson9173 2 жыл бұрын
You expect everyone to have perfect knowledge about the marks on a 2000 year old bone box? Even the Bible is sketchy about certain things & that's supposed to be the word of God.
@ADGreen-es6hm Жыл бұрын
The only thing , that’s made Archeology more plausible is today’s technology , Geology has helped , however Geology has been more hard science for years .
@flipflopski2951 Жыл бұрын
Science isn't what you think it is.
@YenkammaNe 2 жыл бұрын
WHAT IS SPECIAL ABOUT BEING A HINDU? By Francois Gautier. Diversity in Divinity and Unity in Spirituality. 1) Believe in God ! - Aastik - Accepted 2) Don't believe in God ! - You're accepted as Nastik 3) You want to worship idols - please go ahead. You are a murti pujak. 4) You dont want to worship idols - no problem. You can focus on Nirguna Brahman. 5) You want to criticise something in our religion. Come forward. We are logical. Nyaya, Tarka etc. are core Hindu schools. 6) You want to accept beliefs as it is. Most welcome. Please go ahead with it. 7) You want to start your journey by reading Bhagvad Gita - Sure ! 8) You want to start your journey by reading Upanishads - Go ahead. 9) You want to start your journey by reading Purana - Be my guest. 10) You just don't like reading Puranas or other books. No problem my dear. Go by Bhakti tradition . ( bhakti- devotion) 11) You don't like idea of Bhakti ! No problem. Do your Karma. Be a karmayogi. 12) You want to enjoy life. Very good. No problem at all. This is Charvaka Philosophy. 13) You want to abstain from all the enjoyment of life & find God - jai ho ! Be a Sadhu, an ascetic ! 14) You don't like the concept of God. You believe in Nature only - Welcome. (Trees are our friends and Prakriti or nature is worthy of worship). 15) You believe in one God or Supreme Energy. Superb! Follow Advaita philosophy 16) You want a Guru. Go ahead. Receive gyaan. 17) You don't want a Guru.. Help yourself ! Meditate, Study ! 18) You believe in Female energy ! Shakti is worshipped. 19) You believe that every human being is equal. Yeah! You're awesome, come on let's celebrate Hinduism! "Vasudhaiva kutumbakam" (the world is a family) 20) You don't have time to celebrate the festival. Don't worry. One more festival is coming! There are multiple festivals every single day of the year. 21) You are a working person. Don't have time for religion. Its okay. You will still be a Hindu. 22) You like to go to temples. Devotion is loved. 23) You don't like to go to temples - no problem. You are still a Hindu! 24) You know that Hinduism ☺ is a way of life, with considerable freedom. 25) You believe that everything has God in it. So you worship your mother, father, guru, tree, River, Prani-matra, Earth, Universe! 26) And If you don't believe that everything has GOD in it - No problems. Respect your viewpoint. 27) "Sarve jana sukhino bhavantu " (May you all live happily) You represent this! You're free to choose, my dear Hindu! This is exactly the essence of Hinduism, all inclusive .. That is why it has withstood the test of time inspite of repeated onslaught both from within and outside, and assimilated every good aspects from everything . That is why it is eternal !!! There is a saying in Rigveda , the first book ever known to mankind which depicts the Hinduism philosophy in a Nutshell -" Ano bhadrah Krathavo Yanthu Vishwathah"- Let the knowledge come to us from every direction "
@kumarg3598 2 жыл бұрын
I know this is one of the many emails my mom sent me that I never read. Now that I read it, I love it. It's true.
@Madmen604 Жыл бұрын
Thing is, the bones would have to show signs of crucifixion to identify them as the bones of Yeshua himself. There is enough documentary evidence to believe J existed and was crucified from the gospels, from people who knew one or another of the apostles, and from Josephus. So, the Talpiot tomb really isn't too convincing as the tomb of Jesus. Also, why would his family be buried in Jerusalem if they lived in Nazareth and elsewhere?
@neclark08 7 ай бұрын
...I would reply that the adjacency of Jesus Bar Josef's tomb to his place of execution would likely be determined by how far his grave-robbing Disciples would feel safe in avoiding detection / be physically able to carry the starting-to-decay corpse of their Teacher-Leader away from its initial 'stashing tomb'. They not-surprisingly left the 'great stone' door open in their haste to avoid detection. Absent any history or tradition (known to me) to the contrary, sinceJesus had been the first of his family to die/require entombment, that would seem sufficient reason for Jesus' final resting place to become the Jesus Family Tomb...
@Madmen604 Жыл бұрын
I thought His given name was Yeshua. Was he called Jesus in daily life? Why give him a Greek name?
@alexnaskos Жыл бұрын
Jesus (Ἰησοῦς) is the Greek transcription of Yeshua that predates Jesus of Nazareth (I think it's first attested in the Septuagint and all instances of Joshua are Jesus in Greek) I suppose wether he was called that in his life would depend on if he had interactions with Greek speakers or knew some Greek himself which I think is a debated topic in itself. A Greek speakers would definitely call him that and write his name that way even in that period though. The transcription is actually not that big of a stretch in Koine pronunciation (the 'sh' is replaced by sigma which is in between a 's' and 'sh' sound and is the closest thing in Greek, the final ayin is removed although some linguists believe it was lost in Aramaic from Galilee at that time anyway and a sigma is added to make it fit the Greek case system which is not always done with Jewish names but fits well in this case)
@RalphEllis 2 жыл бұрын
The name Bar Saba is not ‘uncommon’. It comes from Son of Sheba or Saba. It means Son of the Star, the same as Bar Kochba. (it is from the Egyptian). Ralph
@richarddemuth7077 8 ай бұрын
WHHHAAAATT???!!!! Herod Agrippa I died in Judea in "42 AC"; NOT "42 BC"!! And there is NO "Simeon Barsaba" mentioned in the "Acts of the Apostles"! There IS a JUDAS and a JOSEPH BARSABAS however. The DRAWN NOT inscribed letters on the ossuary DON'T appear to read "I h c o y c I o y" but "I h c o y c [JESUS] I o [IO]" as in the exclamation used by modern dudes of "YO Bro!" "IO/YO" was also an ANCIENT exclamation used by the Italianus Romanus in their cries of "IO TRIUMPHO!" during their (IN)famous triumphal processions of victorious generals and emperors and of the Athenian Greeks as "IO BACCHOS!" in their Dionysiac celebrations. It was a means THEN as NOW of calling attention to the event or person being focused on. In a CHRISTIAN context it would assimilate to the reference of "Victory in Christ JESUS" and his "Bacchic persona" as the "VINE of the Branches of the Church". It could mean "JESUS HEY (listen up!)" I would thus interpret this graffito to be NONE OTHER than a CHRISTIAN sign! According to the "First Book of Kings" ALoTH was a PLACE-name. So "YeSHWa ALoTH" would mean "Jesus of Aloth". Usually when a word follows an ancient Hebrew name it is either the birthplace name they are from or the parental name of their father. Maybe these were made during a time of persecution. I would think that the ossuary with the "➕" mark CENTERED on each side of it IS the ➕ of CHRIST! WHY else would it be there and CENTRALLY placed on EVERY side?? And WHY would one be placed on an ossuary directly under the name of "YuDaH"?? Jews DIDN'T use the sign of ➕ as a symbol of their religion! VERY DISappointing however NOT to have seen the ossuary with the intriguing inscription of "SHiMoN BaR YoNaH" on it👎 THAT was WHY I wanted to watch the video! One episode of "The Naked Archaeologist" that Shimka did showed him trying to get into a monastery where it is allegedly being kept LOCKED AWAY to meet a priest he had claimed was going to show it to him. The priest NEVER appeared and Shimka couldn't get in!! THIS indicates the Roman Catholic Church, whose Franciscan friars EXCAVATED the cemetery and FOUND the ossuary in the early 20th Century, DOESN'T want the public seeing it (EVEN IF they CAN'T read Hebrew) and drawing attention to a POSSIBLE "relic" of (Saint) Simon PETER who was SUPPOSED to have DIED IN ROME and been BURIED UNDER where the VATICAN basilica now stands!! HOWEVER, there IS a PLAUSIBILITY to the ossuary BEING HIS and that he DIED IN JERUSALEM!! According to the "Gospels" a "SIMON" was one of Jesus' BROTHERS along with a "JAMES" and a "JUDAS" and a "JOSEPH". The ancient Judish priest-historian 'Flavius" Josephus records in either Book XVIII or XX of his "Judish Antiquities" that a certain "JAMES the BROTHER of JESUS who was called 'CHRIST'" was EXECUTED by order of the Judish Chief Priest Annanias II (GRANDSON of the Annanias who was the FORMER chief priest and father-in-law of Joseph Caiaphas who presided over the trial of Jesus, and who interrogated him BEFORE Caiaphas did) ".....ALONG WITH SOME OTHERS"!! Josephus DOESN'T state WHO the "SOME OTHERS" were or the nature of the accusation against them BUT they well MIGHT have been the CHRISTIANITY CULT CONSPIRACY BROTHERS OF JESUS...... INCLUDING Simon (given the FICTIONAL alias of "Peter")!! HOW historically IRONIC it would be IF the 🧔called "🪨" had REALLY DIED BY the traditional Judish execution method of ST😵NING!! 😯😳🧐
@richarddemuth7077 8 ай бұрын
The old 1930's photograph of the ➕ sign wall in a house at Herculaneum IS NOT how the site looked when found. The cabinet was CHARRED (apparently it has been "restored" here) and there was NO dish on it NOR bowl placed on the stoop in front of it. There was ALOT of ash and dirt though and as I remember seeing in the "discovery photo" of it, an amphora or small jug IN the cabinet and a few WINE amphorae standing in the corner nearby. IF this wasn't a Christian shrine then it was a BACCHIC one. UNfortunately this DIScrepancy proves archaeology ISN'T always "credible". 🤔🤨
@richarddemuth7077 8 ай бұрын
I would have to AGREE with Figeuras that the inscribed name of "YeSHWa" IS encircled by an outline meant to abstractly be a 🐟 because there is a slit on one side of it as if meant to represent the gap of the open 👄and a triangular shape on the other resembling a 🐟's tail. The ambiguity of it being made to also resemble a Roman "labela" or "tabella" (signboard) with its flanges on either side of the 🖼 MIGHT again indicate the time of a Roman persecution of the Christians.
@richarddemuth7077 8 ай бұрын
OH MY GOD!!!! The ORNATE ossuary found in the Talpiot tomb with the admitted UNusual name of "MARIAMNE" MIGHT BE King Herod Antipater "the Great's" second 👑WIFE of THAT NAME the HaSHMoNeaN "MaRiaMNiaH" mentioned by Josephus!! According to him, she was Herod's FAVORITE but he became suspicious (like the paranoid egomaniac he was) that she and her son by him were plotting against him to take the Throne and he had them both put to death. It is thus UNlikely she would have been buried in Herod's royal tomb with him. And the absence of her son's name among the ossuaries would indicate he was NOT accorded a burial for fear the Jews would revere the tomb as a ROYAL one of a boy who would have been Herod's successor. So she was entombed with her Hasmonaean relatives. There is also a PECULIAR feature about that tomb I noticed in a video about it hosted by one of the archaeologists who excavated it, Shimon Gibson. It showed a diagram made of the placement of the ossuaries at the time of finding and also on the floor of the tomb four 💀s placed on their sides at each corner of the chamber with the upper right one placed FARTHER out of alignment with the rest. Connecting them as dots would form the OUTLINE of the present Haram- al- Sharif platform on which the "⛺ of the 🪨" sits; with its farthest point at the NE: the direction of the 🌄 on the summer solstice/ LONGEST Day of the Year!! Was THIS not only a SIGN of WHO was buried in the tomb BUT that Herod was SECRETLY an "Apollonian" ☀worshipper to which he dedicated his "Yahweh" 🏛??!🤔 The FAVORITE deity of his Imperial Roman patron after all was APOLLO. And by the way, the tomb's facade has the outline design of a Greco-Roman 🏛 with a window ⚫ or "oculus" at the top in the pedimental area; JUST AS the Herodian Judish 🏛 was described by the latter rabbis in the rabbinic literature as having to let the light of the "Shekinah" into it. And the HaSHMoNiM were a LEVITICAL PRIESTLY family!!
@richarddemuth7077 8 ай бұрын
There is an interesting symbolic SIGNificance to the words on the ends of the ossuaries shown in the tomb photographs: "MARA" and "I(Y)AMA" . These could have metaphysical meanings that the dead are either CROSSING or are IMMERSED in the BITTERNESS ("MaRa" in Hebrew) of the SEA ("YaMa") of Death. This would allegorically refer back to the "Crossing of the Red SEA" after which the Hebrews came to the "Bitter Lakes" or "Lakes of MaRa" from which they couldn't drink because the water was so rancid. Ancient Jews of Hellenistic (Greek) influence tended to interpret the event NOT as a historical actuality but as an ALLEGORY of the Soul passing through the BITTERNESS of Death in its journey on to the "Promised Holy Land" of Heaven.
@richarddemuth7077 8 ай бұрын
The translation of the mysterious inscription reading "DIOS IAIO UPSP AGBA" that stumps Pro. Tabor is "[the] God YAYO lifts up/raises/exalts Agabus"; AGABUS being a Judish name mentioned in the "Acts of the Apostles" at Ephesus or Caesarea Maritima as being a "prophet" who predicted to Paul that if he went back to Jerusalem it would be his FINAL time because the Jews would have him arrested and DOOMED. And the incised diagram is a Torah ark.
@joshuaamitai 2 жыл бұрын
There must have been a historical jesus .. but not the image the want to make us belief he looked like! but sure he existed.
@andrewjackson9948 Жыл бұрын
Anyone who cares about what he looks like, is missing the point of his life entirely
@petergrant2561 Жыл бұрын
Oh come on, I can't believe that anyone but a Christian would see that image as a fish, on a piece of stone of unknown origin! I give up on James Tabor - perhaps get back to a little historical/archaeologic honesty.
@ruspesca8443 Жыл бұрын
He's a Zionist
@Flum666 9 ай бұрын
uhm, no! do you have other dumb questions?
@JD-ux6fk 2 жыл бұрын
Yeshua means 'Savior'. They needn't be speaking of a person but rather a hope for a savior. Dodi.
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