Italy Rome : Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore / Basilica of Saint Mary Major

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The Basilica of Saint Mary Major is the largest Catholic Marian church in Rome, Italy. St. Mary Major is one of the five that hold the title of major basilica. The other four are the St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican and basilicas of St. John in the Lateran, St. Peter, and St. Paul outside the Walls.
Pursuant to the Lateran Treaty of 1929 between the Holy See and Italy, the Basilica is Rome within Italian territory and not the territory of the Vatican City State. However, the Holy See fully owns the Basilica, and Italy is legally obligated to recognize its full ownership thereof. The complex of buildings has a status somewhat similar to a foreign embassy.
The basilica enshrines the venerated image of Salus Populi Romani, depicting the Blessed Virgin Mary as the protectress of the Roman people, which was granted a Canonical coronation by Pope Gregory XVI on 15 August 1838 accompanied by his Papal bull Cælestis Regina.
The Basilica is sometimes referred to as Our Lady of the Snows in connection with a legend. Roman patrician John and his wife, who were without heirs, made a vow to donate their possessions to the Virgin Mary. On 5 August, at the height of the Roman summer, snow fell during the night on the summit of the Esquiline Hill. In obedience to a vision of the Virgin Mary which they had the same night, the couple built a basilica in honor of Mary on the very spot which was covered with snow , on the Esquiline Hill.
Pope Francis visits the Basilica often, mainly to visit the Salus Populi Romani. He visits it before and after trips outside the Vatican. He has also constructed a tomb next to the icon the Blessed Virgin Marythat. It shall be his final resting place upon his death. Francis will be the second Pope to be buried outside of the Vatican since Pope Leo XIII in 1903.
Pyhän Marian basilika on suurin katolinen Marian kirkko Roomassa, Italiassa. St. Mary Major on yksi viidestä suuren basilikan tittelistä. Muut neljä ovat Pietarinkirkko Vatikaanissa ja Pyhän Johanneksen basilikat Lateraanissa, Pyhän Pietarin ja Pyhän Paavalin basilikat muurien ulkopuolella.
Pyhän istuimen ja Italian välillä vuonna 1929 tehdyn Lateraanisopimuksen mukaan basilika on Rooma Italian alueella eikä Vatikaanivaltion alue. Pyhä istuin omistaa kuitenkin kokonaan basilikan, ja Italialla on laillinen velvollisuus tunnustaa sen täysi omistusoikeus. Rakennuskompleksilla on jonkin verran ulkomaisen suurlähetystön asema.
Basilikassa on kunnioitettu Salus Populi Romanin kuva, joka kuvaa Siunattua Neitsyt Mariaa Rooman kansan suojelijana. Paavi Gregorius XVI myönsi kanonisen kruunauksen 15. elokuuta 1838 paavin bullansa Cælestis Regina mukana.
Basilikaa kutsutaan joskus legendan yhteydessä Lumien neitsyksi. Roomalainen patriisi Johannes ja hänen vaimonsa, jotka olivat ilman perillisiä, lupasivat lahjoittaa omaisuutensa Neitsyt Marialle. 5. elokuuta, Rooman kesän huipulla, lunta satoi yön aikana Esquiline-kukkulan huipulle. Tottelemalla Neitsyt Marian näkyä, jonka he näkivät samana yönä, pariskunta rakensi basilikan Marian kunniaksi juuri lumen peittämälle paikalle.
Paavi Franciscus vierailee Basilikassa usein, pääasiassa vieraillakseen Salus Populi Romanissa. Hän vierailee siellä ennen ja jälkeen matkoja Vatikaanin ulkopuolella. Hän on myös rakentanut haudan Siunatun Neitsyt Marian ikonin viereen. Se on hänen viimeinen lepopaikkansa hänen kuoltuaan. Franciscus on toinen Vatikaanin ulkopuolelle haudattu paavi sitten paavi Leo XIII:n vuonna 1903.

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