Jeffrey Hedenquist worked with the New Zealand and Japanese governments for 10 years each on geothermal energy development and volcanic discharges, respectively, and during this time also studied the formation of epithermal and porphyry deposits. Since 1999 Dr. Hedenquist been an independent advisor to over 120 mineral industry and governmental groups on ~400 hydrothermal gold and/or copper projects in ~40 countries, including training. He is also an adjunct professor at the University of Ottawa.