Pearson's Correlation, Clearly Explained!!!

Рет қаралды 374,465

Күн бұрын

Correlation is one of the most basic statistical measures of how two different things might be related, which means it is very important to have a clear understanding of what it means and how it works. This StatQuest walks you through everything you need to know about Correlation. It tells you what it means, how to interpret it, and what its limitations are.
NOTE: This StatQuest assumes you already know about "variance"... • Calculating the Mean, ...
...and covariance... • Covariance, Clearly Ex...
...and if you would like to learn more about R-squared, check out these 'Quests!
R-squared, clearly explained: • R-squared, Clearly Exp...
Linear Regression and R-squared: • Linear Regression, Cle...
For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out:
statquest.org/video-index/
If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider...
Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!!
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0:00 Awesome song and introduction
0:55 Motivation for correlation
2:32 Strong and weak relationships
3:25 Correlation vs causation
4:26 Correlation quantifies relationships
6:00 Why correlation values need p-values
9:50 Negative correlation values
11:30 Correlation = 0, explained
12:11 Small p-values do not imply high correlations
13:38 How to calculate correlation
16:32 Correlation vs R-squared
17:31 Summary of concepts
#statquest #correlation

Пікірлер: 595

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

NOTE: Although I do not mention it by name in the video, this StatQuest covers Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. Unfortunately, this did not occur to me until after I posted the video, otherwise I would have mentioned it at least 20 times...so maybe it's better the way it turned out. ;) Support StatQuest by buying my book The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning or a Study Guide or Merch!!! statquest.org/statquest-store/

@sunilkumarsamji8507 4 жыл бұрын

Hi Josh Thanks a lot for the wonderful work. it helps learners a lot. My query: At 9 : 08, it is mentioned p = 2.2 * 10 ^ -16 means low probability that a randomly selected point has similarly strong relationship. Does it mean to say that the hypothesis or prediction (line through the data points) of the trend cannot generalize with respect new data point a randomly selected data point? Is that what a low p means to say? At the same time a low p means high confidence level in the trend which means that high confidence level implies that a randomly selected that will have similarly stronger relationship? Let me please know if I am missing some point.

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

@@sunilkumarsamji8507 No. The p-value tells us that the probability that random noise could create the relationship we observed, or a stronger relationship. When you have small p-value, that means the probability that the relationship we observed is due to noise is small. This means we can have confidence that new observations will behave similarly to what we have seen before, rather than completely randomly. Does that make sense?

@inderjeetsinghintech 4 жыл бұрын

@@statquest yes, that is the reason we keep the threshold to only 5% or 0.05.

@lorisbach9905 3 жыл бұрын

@@statquest Thanks for your amazing videos. I am watchng them all to try to catch up in statistics for my master degree in geology. In this video, I am unsure on how you calculated the p-values. Can you please explain a little ?

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

@@lorisbach9905 Unfortunately, I don't have a video that explains the p-values for Pearson's correlation coefficient in detail. However, I do have a video that explains the p-value for R-squared, which is very, very closely related (and is actually much more useful) here: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pNFidrR6udPDlaM.html

@SumitOli007 3 жыл бұрын

I am crying rn, Statistics was the one thing that scared me in high school, never studied it in engineering & after watching tons of videos & losing hope. I finally found your channel. I am finally understanding bits and bytes of statistics & I owe everything to this beautiful pedagogy Infinite BAM

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

Hooray! I'm glad my videos are helpful. :)

@bigorange6328 4 жыл бұрын

My days spent on statistics before knowing statquest were so wasted

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Wow! I'm glad you like my videos! :)

@ThinkwithLex 7 ай бұрын

I can relate

@kantaphongsaklo102 6 ай бұрын

Same

@ahaha731 Ай бұрын

Same

@bartgacrama2295 4 жыл бұрын

You are a genius in pedagogy.

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you! :)

@anitapallenberg80 4 жыл бұрын

100 % agree! I love StatQuest with Josh Starmer!! ♥

@vikranttyagiRN 4 жыл бұрын

@@anitapallenberg80 Me too. Alot

@Cat99 3 жыл бұрын

Simple, easy to understand.

@alberttamazyan 4 жыл бұрын

I am so thankful to you!!! I tried learning statistics multiple times in my life and never succeded with any source. I discovered your stat quests about a week ago and I already feel so comfortable with many concepts in statistics! Huge thanks.

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

That's awesome! I'm glad the videos are helpful. :)

@TheCJD89 4 жыл бұрын

I just watched the Covariance and Correlation videos back to back. Very well put together and really easy to follow

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you! :)

@mathavraj9662 3 жыл бұрын

As soon as I started the video, the differences between r-square, covariance and correlation were lingering in my mind. Glad you cleared them all!!

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

Glad it was helpful!

@arnabchanda2609 4 жыл бұрын

All My Life I have been looking out for you, glad that I found you... BAM!!!

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Hooray! :)

@Alchemist10241 11 ай бұрын

I've added this channels videos to my Anki cards and every time I review them I get even deeper insights. well done statquest

@statquest 11 ай бұрын

bam! :)

@zumiao234 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you! You actually help me to understand many basic concepts in a clear and easy-acceptable way, you are so smart and kind-hearted.

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you very much! :)

@bubbleworld4172 4 жыл бұрын

Appreciative bäm from Germany.

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

That's awesome! I'm glad Bam has an umlaut in German. ;) That makes it twice as cool. TWICE BÄM!

@blakebodycote1024 Жыл бұрын

I have yet to get into most of these concepts in my statistics major, but I am so thankful to have these bite-sized informational videos with lots of visual explanations to explain each concept so I can start practicing and studying machine learning early. Thank you so much for every single video you put out. Truly a blessing.

@statquest Жыл бұрын

Thank you very much! :)

@reach2puneeths 4 жыл бұрын

These are the best videos which explains the concept in simple way. Thanks for making these videos. Please upload Al and deep learning videos.

@BatkhuuByambajav 2 жыл бұрын

Bam Bam BAM... Eventually, I've fallen in love with your BAMs :) Addictive BAMs and gorgeously simple videos! Thanks a lot!

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks!

@user-zc5dp1yw6y Жыл бұрын

Ohhh man!!! I'm instantly falling in love with this channel, definitly the best sense of humor to learn machine learning.

@statquest Жыл бұрын

Thanks! :)

@allthingsconsdrble 5 ай бұрын

Very much appreciate the crawl, walk, run approach with emphasis on conceptual understanding

@statquest 5 ай бұрын

Thank you!

@kylebecker5083 3 жыл бұрын

I've learned so much from this channel. Thanks, Josh.

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

Awesome, thank you!

@2002budokan 3 жыл бұрын

I find the best and non-boring stats explanations in this channel.

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

BAM! :)

@terryliu3635 4 жыл бұрын

The best intro on correlation, thank you!

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you! :)

@vamanieperumal5262 4 жыл бұрын

I cant believe how all your videos are so perfect !

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Wow, thank you!

@pasqualegiorio3651 4 жыл бұрын

Josh you are just a genius of Stat explanations, thank you.

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you very much! :)

@gtrstreet 4 жыл бұрын

Very well explained. I like that you give lots of examples and answer many of the possible questions in advance. Thanks a lot!

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you very much! :)

@felipebraga7753 2 жыл бұрын

Cara, seu vídeo é mega claro, sem deixar de ser rigoroso! Super obrigado pelo trabalho!

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

Muito obrigado!!!

@kaigordon2900 2 жыл бұрын

Extremely helpful and clear with good examples and explanation! Wonderful, thank you! BAM!!!

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks!

@shreyastudies4693 Жыл бұрын

You have a knack for teaching... this was an amazing video, thank you!!

@statquest Жыл бұрын

Thank you! :)

@shubhamjain2423 3 жыл бұрын

Dear Josh, This video made my endless nights trying to grasp on this topic.

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

@Some_random_guy_16 4 жыл бұрын

you are doing a great job enabling us to learn may super tough concepts relatively easy .. that too free of cost...thankss

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you very much! :)

@tatianajaramillo1148 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you for your time to explain and make this video!!!

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you very much! I really appreciate your feedback.

@hassanrevel 2 жыл бұрын

Josh you're super great man. I really enjoy listening you.

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you!

@calciumfree9626 4 жыл бұрын

Big thanks! I couldn't get any intuition from my school lecture, and it's lucky for me to find this video a day before my exam for this!

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Good luck on your exam! :)

@YeekyYeeky 4 жыл бұрын

your video makes it really easy to understand(even my english is not really strong , I can still understand almost all of them) , thank you from Thailand

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Hooray! I'm glad you like my videos. :)

@AnayFereshetyan Жыл бұрын

This was so incredibly helpful, thank you!

@statquest Жыл бұрын

Thanks!

@sherrynsherryn5071 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you from Indonesia, I love your videos!

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you! :)

@arismenachekanian1804 6 ай бұрын

Thank you for making this great video!

@statquest 6 ай бұрын

My pleasure!

@sammiechung2711 4 жыл бұрын

Thanks for your detailed and clear explanation. Saving much of my time to read books which hard to understand.

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thanks! I'm glad the video is helpful.

@jairoalves8083 4 жыл бұрын

how to obtain the p-value from this data?

@amanmanveen 3 жыл бұрын

@@minhtoto1542 Had the same question. Found this video helpful: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/bqenZ5h5s5vQnnU.html

@eugenefrancisco8279 3 жыл бұрын

You might be referring to a t-test for slope. You would need to calculate a sample regression line using the data and then obtain a p value by performing a test on the data with some null hypothesis.

@tuankietly6076 4 жыл бұрын

your video is so great and easy to understand!

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thanks! :)

@delliscool4924 3 ай бұрын

thank you , you are distinguished brilliant mind and great teacher for many

@statquest 3 ай бұрын

Wow, thank you!

@sashacollum7583 2 жыл бұрын

Soooo thankful to have found this video. Why did it seem so hard to understand before?!

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

bam! :)

@mostinho7 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks! Great summary at 9:00 Correlation strength nothing to do with slope, but with how many points the line goes through. Can have correlation of 1 with large slope or small slope as long as the points lie on a line. 14:00 equation cov(x,y) in previous video

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

bam!

@PRODKAZ-fy8cx Жыл бұрын

Thank you so much! This was so helpful.

@statquest Жыл бұрын

Thanks!

@drditup 3 жыл бұрын

you just explained this better than i ever heard. im a phd student (who for some reason wasn't given a decent statscourse through his master degree in robotics engineering. Needless to say, statistics are good for science)

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you! :)

@LOVEONLYLOVEable 4 жыл бұрын

If anyone finds a better teacher than this guy on you tube, do let me know 😎😎

@arishali9248 4 жыл бұрын

Love your videos mate

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thanks! :)

@wernhervonbraun4222 2 жыл бұрын

I'm very grateful to all of your videos. I want to support you but I am a student in 3rd world country. Even I get capable enough I'll surely contribute to this great project! Thank you

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you very much! BAM! :)

@caspase888 5 жыл бұрын

Waiting for your videos is a cause worth waiting for 👍👍👍

@statquest 5 жыл бұрын

Thanks! :)

@taladiv3415 2 жыл бұрын

Guys like this help make the study world a better place!

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you!

@user-kn9wu7ts9m 3 жыл бұрын

It solves my confusion. Thanks a lot.

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

Bam! :)

@qiliu4100 3 жыл бұрын

I am familiar with the concepts you talk about. But I am a fan of your songs, so I am here to listen to the music.

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

BAM! :)

@vedprakash-bw2ms 5 жыл бұрын

Stat quest is the best ..

@statquest 5 жыл бұрын

Thanks! :)

@jammabeergood 4 жыл бұрын

Great rhyme!

@paveldvorak2014 4 жыл бұрын

@Josh, it is great you actually put the text on the screen, I cannot play sound but I can still follow closely what you are saying. Great videos, I hope you will later dive into more advanced topics in time series analysis (unit roots, ARIMA, GARCH, etc). Pls keep it up!

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

I'm glad you like my style. :)

@amanzholdaribay9871 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you, man!

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thanks! :)

@robertdavis2855 5 ай бұрын

I didn't think that Machine Learning and humor were correlated but here we are...BAM!

@statquest 5 ай бұрын

bam! :)

@mohammednadeem662 3 жыл бұрын

StatQeust is really amazing to learn and understand things very easy

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

Thanks!

@amizan23 3 жыл бұрын

Your videos are way better than most of the paid courses.

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

@OlegGolubev_yolo Жыл бұрын

How good you r at this. I tried really hard to understand what it this when i've been in university. but failed. Because there was no explanation why we need this. Only the words that it is "how x related to y"... I figured out what is it actually only 7 years later... Thanks a lot man

@statquest Жыл бұрын

Happy to help! :)

@harithagayathri7185 4 жыл бұрын

Josh, you explain in such a way that even layman can understand easily. A big shout out to all the hard work you put in for making these videos.👏👏

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you very much!!! :)

@maheshsonawane8737 6 ай бұрын

Thanks Josh!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Helps lot.

@statquest 6 ай бұрын

Thank you! :)

@maheshsonawane8737 6 ай бұрын

@@statquest I can't believe u replied. I am pursuing MS Data Science. Your work really give me better understanding. I will pay ur tuition fee when I get job. ✌🤟👆👍😎

@emov8326 4 жыл бұрын

I love your work

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you very much!!! :)

@draviaartistwithbat5756 5 жыл бұрын

Thanks for the video. And please make next video series on hypothesis testing (z test, t test, anova, chi square)

@markobe08 5 жыл бұрын

That is right!!!

@statquest 5 жыл бұрын

If you want to have a super deep understanding on t-tests and ANOVA, you should check out my StatQuest videos on Linear Models: kzfaq.info/sun/PLblh5JKOoLUIzaEkCLIUxQFjPIlapw8nU

@draviaartistwithbat5756 5 жыл бұрын

Sure I will check it and let you know if anything else is needed. Thank you very much. You are doing great man keep up the good work.

@user-jh4lh1rc7z 3 жыл бұрын

Bam....I started to think that statistics can be fun....Huge thanks from Korea

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

Hooray!!!

@thesagecc 2 жыл бұрын

As a graduate level I-O Psychology student.... thank you... I watched the summary first and then went back to watch the entire video

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

bam!

@yulinliu850 4 жыл бұрын

Good job Josh! Thanks!

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thanks! :)

@TheEbbemonster 4 жыл бұрын

Very good - I would have liked to see a p-value calculation also :)

@SaintSaint 2 жыл бұрын

kzfaq.info/get/bejne/rMudjdd2spyXd40.html kzfaq.info/get/bejne/a8BpgqyKpp6slWw.html Both answer this.... but I agree... a quick explanation of p values would be the only extra credit that I felt was missing from this video. Much the way he did variance recap at the beginning.

@sheldonsebastian7232 4 жыл бұрын

Amazing Video, Thanks!!!!!!!!!!!!

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thanks! :)

@joserobertopacheco298 11 ай бұрын

the ultimate clearly explanation

@statquest 11 ай бұрын

BAM! :)

@Anteater23 2 жыл бұрын

I love your videos.

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you!

@Bharathkumar-gv4ft 2 жыл бұрын

p-value superbly explained!

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks!

@ilhambintang3425 5 жыл бұрын

Best tutorial ever :)

@statquest 5 жыл бұрын

Thank you! :)

@siddharthmishra8233 2 жыл бұрын

always enjoys your song josh!

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks!

@jaleshjalesh5712 4 жыл бұрын

can u please tell how did you calculate p- value?

@ALEX-mo1zo 3 жыл бұрын

He did a video on P-Value

@ForTheLoveOfHomes 2 жыл бұрын

Fun song! Thanks!

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks!

@botboy2134 3 жыл бұрын

Wow on to the point video!!!

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you! :)

@santoshbala9690 4 жыл бұрын

Hi Josh.. Very well explained... Thank you Please do a video on ACF & PACF (Auto Correlation & Partial Auto Correlation)

@kevinwidanagamage2104 7 ай бұрын

thank you so much for this

@statquest 7 ай бұрын

You're very welcome!

@Roboticdock 3 жыл бұрын

Excellent!

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

Many thanks!

@aakashPotter 3 жыл бұрын

Thanks Josh, your videos are excellent. However, in this video I did not understand how the p-values are getting calculated ? Are those some numbers you cooked up to explain your point, or is there an obvious way to calculate them (which I am not able to think of).

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

Those are real values, but they are there just to show the point. Calculating the p-values for Pearson's correlation is not simple. However, calculating the p-values for R-squared (which is related) is relatively simple. For details, see: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pNFidrR6udPDlaM.html

@diegolazareno8020 5 жыл бұрын

Awesome video!

@statquest 5 жыл бұрын

Thank you!

@robertobr234 2 жыл бұрын

I really like it!

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks!

@kudimaysey2459 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks statquest

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

bam!

@marcoventura9451 3 жыл бұрын

Great video.

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you!

@jongcheulkim7284 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you.

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

Any time! :)

@ckarcher4504 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you for your amazing video! Could you explain how to calculate the p-value in this video (such as 12:30). I have watched your p-value, but still do not know how to use it in this video's examples' calculation. 🙏🙏🙏

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Unfortunately I can't explain it in a comment. Hopefully one day I'll make a video.

@ckarcher4504 4 жыл бұрын

@@statquest Great😊😇🤓 I look forward to it😍😍. thank you very much！🙏🙏

@evemarealle621 Жыл бұрын

Hi Josh. Thanks for the great video. I have a question. 1) Why does the correlation have a bound of -1 to 1 when you divide covariance with the product of the two standard deviations? Is the product of the standard deviations the maximum covariance the two random variables can have? If so, how do you show that 2) And, how does the correlation of 1 tell you that the points lie on the straight line?

@statquest Жыл бұрын

Unfortunately, showing how the limits of correlation are -1 and 1 isn't super easy. However, you're on the right track. When all of the points are on the same line, then the absolute value of the covariance = the product of the standard deviations.

@qinqinkong8330 3 жыл бұрын

Triple Bam!! Thanks for the great lecture, although I think the p-Value not only depend on the amount of data we have, but also depend on the strength of relationship. For example, given the same amount of data, the chance to generate stronger relationship from random points is smaller for higher correlation than lower correlation.

@statquest 3 жыл бұрын

Yes, that's sometimes true, but not always (for example, if your sample size = 2), so I decided to focus on the things that are always true in my video, and that is Correlation is determined by the strength of the relationship and p-values are determined by sample size. In other words, if the sample size is too small you will never have a small p-value, and if the sample size is huge, then it doesn't matter what the correlation is, the p-value will probably be significant. For example, if we have any 2 data points, we can draw a line through them, and correlation = 1, however, the p-value = 1. In contrast, if we have enough data, it doesn't matter how close the correlation is to 0, we can still have a significant p-value.

@qinqinkong8330 3 жыл бұрын

@@statquest You reply my comments! Bam!!!!

@statquest 6 ай бұрын

@@yangyu5525 Corrected!

@mohitangrish4741 4 жыл бұрын

How do we calculate p value for the case given in the video?

@JibranAbbasi_1 4 жыл бұрын

great video! Is there some place (or maybe a video by you) where I can learn how to calculate the p-value of having a straight line in a 2-d plane?

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

I have a StatQuest on how to calculate the p-value for linear regression. That might help: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pNFidrR6udPDlaM.html

@usama57926 2 жыл бұрын

amazing explanation....

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

bam!

@itszhou Жыл бұрын

Thank you for your quest! I just have a quick question. I have watched your previous video on how to calculate P-value. However, in this case, how do you calculate P-value? Thank you.

@statquest Жыл бұрын

Unfortunately it's a relatively complicated formula. A much simpler (and useful) formula is for R-squared, and I explain that here: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pNFidrR6udPDlaM.html

@difflyfe23 4 ай бұрын

Awesome lecture

@statquest 4 ай бұрын

Thank you!

@user-ew9qv2xn1e 4 жыл бұрын

NICE VIDEO AND EASILY UNDERSHANDING

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thanks! :)

@user-np8mg5yg9n 8 ай бұрын

Hi, Josh. Nice to meet you! I am Tai from Taipei, Taiwan. From the video you mentioned in @7:42, can we say that the probability of a random dot on a random line is equal to the proportion of a line to the 2-D plain, which is the area of a line/area of a plain = 0/1? As we are interested in the probability of a random dot on a random line, it's actually the same as asking the chance of the dot on the line/the chance of the dot on the whole plain. As a line is 1-D, and the plain is 2-D, the proportion is 0. Hence, the probability of a random dot on a random line is equal to 0.

@statquest 8 ай бұрын

That might be a way to look at it.I've never thought of it that way.

@user-np8mg5yg9n 8 ай бұрын

@@statquest Thank you :)

@abhishek-shrm 4 жыл бұрын

Best video ever seen on correlation👍😁

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you very much! :)

@abhishek-shrm 4 жыл бұрын

@@statquest Welcome and thank you for making these videos😁

@prateeknagaich13 2 жыл бұрын

Hi, great video. Can you please provide additional guidance on the following: a. How do you quantitatively determine the P-value for a correlation? b. What's the difference, both formulaically and conceptually between R2, Correlation, and Beta/coefficient in a regression?

@statquest 2 жыл бұрын

For details on p-values and linear regression, see: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pNFidrR6udPDlaM.html

@MahdiSafarpour 4 жыл бұрын

Dear Josh Starmer , I am thankful to you for your wonderful videos. May I know why the numerator of correlation formula is always lower than denominator?

@statquest 4 жыл бұрын

That would take a whole StatQuest to explain. We'd have to go through the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. However, it's on the to-do list. One day I will do it.

@MahdiSafarpour 4 жыл бұрын

@@statquest It was a great clue. I start reading about Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and look forward to watching your lecture in future.

@gdtoob 4 жыл бұрын

Would you consider doing a video on the beta distribution?

@vaibhavpandey7398 Жыл бұрын

Uncle josh, ur only one who answers my query of why can't squiggly line be made. Thanku

@statquest Жыл бұрын

It can be, but it's not as easy (however, modern neural networks can fit a squiggly line to just about anything. For details, see: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/sN6Rmqqlq5-xlYk.html ). When we use squiggly lines, we use R^2 instead of Pearson's Correlation because Pearson's correlation is explicitly defined for straight lines.

@vaibhavpandey7398 Жыл бұрын

@@statquest ok thanku.. It's entirely new for me