We humans are easily distracted. We get so interested in one crisis after another that we tend to forget about the greater problem at hand. Meanwhile the clock keeps ticking.

We live in Grenada in the Caribbean. Plenty of sun, trade winds and strong possibilities of geothermal energy. We own a small hotel and have the only electric bus on the island, there are 4 electric cars. Our government does not want electric vehicles as they do no generate taxes from fuel and spares parts. So there is a 75% import tax imposed on electric vehicles. We have significant PV solar panels at the hotel (true blue bay) but these are considered illegal by the utility company that is 50% owned by the government. We live under the threat of being shut off by the utility. Our power on the island comes from imported diesel generation and we pay about 35p ($0.45 usd) per kwhr for this polluting form of power. We could easily have 100% renewables. A few wind generators and solar arrays and we would be independent of foreign oil for ever. But we won’t do it. Big money and greedy politicians who mouth platitudes about climate change have no interest in moving away from the carbon based fuels. They will go to cop 26 have a wonderful time on tax payers money, they will make meaningless pledges and return home to the status quo. Fortunately the young folks around the world are becoming more proactive. We can only hope they can make the necessary changes soon and quickly.

This video casually gave me more of an insight than all the other hours of TV and reading I've seen until now, combined. Masterwork.

I started tracking Arctic sea ice disappearance back in August 2000. Made a move out of California during record breaking hot summers in 2006, to Oregon, where we are having record wildfires driven by unusually high winds and dry conditions. I thought I wouldn't experience the effects of abrupt climate change or see the Arctic sea ice disappear during my lifetime, but it's happening. As a species, humans have earned rapid extinction due to their exploitation of each other, other species, and the planet as a whole, and I say good riddance.

To think that the energy required to melt ice can heat up water from 0 to 79 degrees Celsius is mind-boggling on its own, and should freak everybody out when considering the vast areas around the world where ice is currently melting away due to global warming.

Great video, I have worked up in the Arctic since 2008 and finished in 2018, in my time there I have seen first hand the rapid effects of climate change. from warmer winters, less sea ice and early spring break up. Your video compresses into less than fifteen minutes everything that people need to know.... basically were Fckd carry on the great series of videos.... Paul...from Canada

Thanks for this clear, concise, relatable presentation and the calm, coherent delivery free of flash, gimmicks and especially jump cuts! Other creators would be wise to emulate your work.

Metalheads not only do love feedback loops, but also science. 😆🎸🎙️🎚️

Just like what the great grumpy gramps George Carlin said: The planet isn't going anywhere. WE are.

Thank you for the clear and concise format. I have spent my entire adult life working in power plants, mines and oil refineries. Those who deny human agency in climate change are deluding themselves.

All of this was detail by the Lovelock's Gaia theory. I wish more people had an understanding of multiple non linear feed back systems. The example of acoustic feedback provided a good analogy. Working with electronics it is easy to see how the erosion of gain and phase margins in feed back networks leads to growing system instability resulting in oscillations that can swing between extremes in the form of limit cycles, ending with the whole system switching to a new state. I have worked with digital audio circuits that include multi loop digital IIR filters, with these it is possible to change the feed back coefficients and watch the system output gain increase, and change from a stable state, to one of oscillation, sometime with a chaotic nature. Obviously, even complex analogue/digital electronics are simple compared to those which control the earth's climate, but watching the output of such systems on an oscilloscope does give a feel of how the climate changes might evolve, and why extremes of low as well as high temperatures are a feature, and an indication of increasing instability. It's all about pumping more and more energy into the system. For those who have a feel for what is happening, it is terrifying, because positive feedback speeds up the response of a system, and the feedback builds exponentially from a tiny trigger event. One can speculate that an event such as a storm, or a volcanic eruption, might be the trigger that shows the earth's overall feedback has moved from negative to positive, rapidly moving the climate to a new stable state, which maybe completely incompatible with life.

Very consistent with all that I've learned to date. Peer-reviewed science tends to be quite conservative in their predictions but some experts estimate that the pace of global warming will now be rapid going forward. Dramatic climate disruption is therefore inevitable which will have devastating effects on the habitat which we depend upon to grow food at scale.

"We might have a bit of an issue here" is the most birtish way of saying: We are f*cked! thx for the likes but jees... relax in the comments guys.

What a clear, comprehensible video (as usual). This is the sort of thing we really ought to be getting on the national news these days!

A Master Educator with concise graphics . Another thought provoking presentation.

I am old and I will probably die before all the ice is gone, however my sons may have a very bleak future. This bothers me a great deal of late.

I feel myself going back and forth so much between being hopeful and utterly depressed when it comes to the climate. Technology is evolving, big finance is starting to see the risk of climate risk and shifting money, renewable energy is cheaper in many parts of the world than fossil fuels... but I fear we are too late... And personally it's killing me. My wife and I would love to start a family. We have biological clocks ticking and don't have 10-15 years to monitor the situation for a bit longer. But... is it even ethical to bring a child into this world right now? On the other hand: people have always found their ways, even during huge wars.... but then again, this is global... Can you understand the feeling and see the emotional pendulum ?!? All this is so unnecessary and we could have everything we have now, more and better if we weren't so @# short-sighted on a collective scale.

Between the Coronavirus and the global recession, which we're being told is 8x worse than the banking crisis. I don't believe there'll be the money, or anybody not distracted by other crises that will even be looking at dealing with the climate crisis. It's going to be a tough ask due to this "perfect storm".

They keep talking about this looming disaster but as I grow older I realize that I might not get lucky enough to watch humanity get destroyed

"Mankind's Pointless Disintegration is Much Worse Than We Thought"

We are already too late massive carbon reduction should have started in the 1970's as Pres Jimmy Carter wanted. Our oceans are already dying that is extremely major.

As usual, your approach is proffesional, accurate and clear. Thank you. Since I was a young man I was worried about the climate change. I saw with my own eyes the glaciers of the Patagonian continental ice sheet dissapear or reduce in my lifetime. When I saw for the first time the Upsala glacier, in 1995, it had 65km long, and 130m height, 15 years later it had 55km long and 70m height in the front. Recently it is completely fracturated, with no more than 50m tall. This is in the north of the formation, the warmest place. The Spegazzini glacier, in 1995 was 130m tall, 15 years later only 50m, it is in the middle of the ice sheet. And the famous Perito Moreno glacier keeps its dimensions because all the other glaciers give it ice at an increasing rate, and because that keeps its size, when the other melts, Perito Moreno, in the south, recieves more ice than loses. But this is temporary. When I was a child, Patagonia was very cold and dry, with very few places habitable. Now in northern Patagonia (La Pampa province) the climate is less dry, and the winters aren't as cold as they were. In central Patagonia, winters with -30°C was common, not anymore. All this happened in only 30 years, it is terrifying.

This video lecture for the citizen scientist provides a good overview of the convergence of multiple feedback loops hitting this delicate region at once and latent heat. This doesn't typically get enough attention. This is a potentially deadly oversight as we continue to learn that the modeling is not robust enough. Also, I got the JHAT App! Nice work JHAT! Your channel and resources are much needed. BTW Dave, did you hear the rumor going around that the ORNL Summit Supercomputer (MOSAIC Polarstern) has predicted a BOE/ice-free summer Arctic in the next 3 years? I have not seen an actual paper to this effect, but it would be worth finding if there is one. Likely, we in the citizen science community need to Ask a Scientist on the MOSAIC Project, an online service. I will look into it. But if you hear anything about this keep us all posted too. Most of the scientific literature in the credible and peer-reviewed sector is saying 2035, 2032 at the earliest for a BOE or ice-free summer Arctic. Everyone's watching this like hawks, so we will stay tuned.

30 yrs too late.Sooo true.

It sucks living in this time but having a conscience. It's worse if you're broadly educated and can see how these things are going to interact. I goddamn wish I had the sociopathy of some of our leaders. I mean....I know that's basically why we are in this position now... but at this point it would be a blessing. At least for me personally.

Sad reality: its already too late, and world leaders will never do anything significant since that costs too much money. My condolences to today's young people.

Superb summary - it took me months of researching in 2014 to understand all that. I wish I could have seen this video 6 years ago when I was becoming aware of just how grim the future looks. Thankfully more and more people are beginning to see that action is required thanks to channels like yours. It is all a question of damage limitation now, but maybe, soon, enough of the public will realise that this is the asteroid heading towards earth and we need our leaders to respond in a serious way to avert disaster.

Beautiful, calm presentation of dire facts. This is exactly what is needed for communication on this topic. Neither complacency, nor screeching.

Glad to see someone is finally discussing the heat of fusion of ice. If that doesn't begin to wake people up, maybe add in what happens to air if all that excess heat goes into the atmosphere. We become quite literally (ahem) toast.

Excellent presentation of a very complex subject. Be afraid, be very afraid.

Thank you. This is the closest to a 'Understand Climate Change for Dummies' video I've come across. I'm not saying people are dummies but it breaks it down into a logical progression and in a way that non-scientists can understand. It also covers a lot of ground. Videos like these are important as it's not academia who needs to get a grasp of this but the masses. Most people with a Grade 12 level knowledge of science will understand what you've said. I'm going to post this on a website I moderate.

I'm overwhelmed at the presentation excellence of this site. Just great!

Do you think there is such a thing as "knowledge amplification" where if you get the facts close enough to the ear, enough brains will be warmed with truth that a tipping point will occur and some change will take place?

Thoughts... hmm... we screwed ourselves

experiment. Place two glasses below the lamp. In one fill with cold water and ice cubes, in the second fill with just water at near freezing . Place a thermometer in each and watch the temperature change over a period of time.

I fell asleep around 2 videos ago and then the microphone happened and I absolutely jumped out my skin because I thought the fire alarm went off. Which was actually quite good because I was taking a nap and needed to get back to work.

What a coherent synopsis. Excellent. Terrifying but excellent.

Think most people are going to be shocked by how fast the environment and climate can deteriorate. And everyone's quality of life along with them.

You make the most difficult and sometimes confusing subjects that are relevant now,a joy to listen and learn by.calm in the face of any disaster or possible scenario. Good man

With the permafrost line moving northward along with the spring snow line, Arctic amplification is a triple whammy.

Brilliant, clear, concise and I even want to say, perfect, description of what is presently going on. Thanks.

I don’t wanna die. I basically just got here...

I live on the coast and there has been no rise in water levels, nobody ever mentions that.

Thanks for not ignoring the livestock and agriculture aspect. As a guy who was convinced to change my diet after watching Cowspiracy i have to mention the 70 billion cows 🐄 and the monocrops it takes to feed them is a threat to the rainforests.

Simple straightforward language that even the deniers could understand, if they could bring themselves to spend the time to listen to your explanation ! Nice one.

Good video. Not a good situation. Things are progressing very fast. I’m starting to think that Guy McPherson is going to be close with his 2027 prediction... 🔥😫🔥

If you want change. Get involved. If you think leaders aren't doing enough, become a leader. Be the change you think is needed. You can do it.

How come nobody is talking about the Soil Carbon - 1% increase in soil organic matter captures 100 tons of CO2 per hectare and we can do this on every farm land on earth at a rate of 0.5% per year.

Good to know there's an alternative to KZfaq for watching these podcasts.

Whatever happens we're going to be here to find out.

This summer, we got several heat records in the Netherlands, as well mid September. Such records are not unique, but they seem to concentrate more and more in the last decades, compared with records from the distant past. Ive more a prepper then preventor philosophy: get ready for worst-case, in our scientific and technical anticpation of a changed climate. Besides that... I wonder how much positieve effects that warmer climate will have - it s very unlikely to outweigh the frictions and impact of the negative effects. Melted ground for agriculture etc. Make the best of the bad future.

Thank you for your detailed, masterful presentations. Warming questions, please: 1. How will increased rainfall from hurricanes dumping tons of water on the land affect the fertility of food-growing regions? 2. Will new food-growing regions open up as tundra regions warm up?

Guy Mcpherson is looking less and less of an alarmist by the day now.

I'm expecting to see the live action adaptation of Days of Tomorrow within my lifespan.

I don't think I could live without icebergs - even though I'm 2000 miles from the nearest ones.

Thank you for keeping us more informed in understandable conversation and video. You do a great service.

There is something deeply bleak about having grown up listening to the way things have gone. Thankyou for these videos

Thank's a lot for your Information, you became very very good to explain and no wonder the earth behave as the earth is doing now, I do hope all the World begin to wake up.

What a fantastic, straightforward, informative and frightening video. Superb work Sir.

The 2012 and 2020 ice thickness comparison is shocking.

Outstanding, as usual!

Ice free Arctic by 2035 seems a conservative estimate at this point. At any rate,j well done video. Thanks for posting.

Thanks, man. Great video. I know the movie that came out about the futility of many of our so-called solutions, and the comments on your video, probably depressed you in a frustration-overload sort of way. But this video is talking about the sort of thing that generated the pessimism of those of us who agreed with the movie ... in other words, yes, when you speak the truth of how bad it is, i do enjoy your videos. If the world were turning into a paradise, would I be as excited to read about the science of that? I don't know. But I love science, and the science says that the paradise we've enjoyed for thousands of years is going to die, so I prefer to stick with the latest facts and research. Love your intentions and your personality, you really do your best and it makes a big impact for those who need to understand these complexities. Thanks!

Your channel has grown exponentially! Well done 🌹

8:51 is what people came for

The planet will be fine, I wish I could say the same thing for the HUMANS!

New viewer here. Great presentation. However, as dire as you may have thought that sounded, you actually understated the progression of woes to come for "society as we are used to having it" with our near-sea-level metropolises and population concentrations. The northern and southern hemispheres generally maintain separate weather patterns, separated by the equatorial wind belt and the "doldrums" dry regions. Historically, this means one pole (in our case the north) can warm quite a bit while the other (Antarctica) stays mostly the same. However, at some point the imbalance has to be addressed. What you see in past ages is one pole warms to a tipping point where the equatorial region can no longer sustain the separation, then the tropics destabilize and the other pole soon follows suit at a highly accelerated pace (even compared to the first pole!). With us melting the arctic so quickly and using up that thermal "battery" of the ice sheet and its albedo, soon after the trend (and jets streams) can cross the equator, causing tropical storms to go berserk as the destabilized winds rush long distances across the equatorial warm water, potentially spawning continuous super-hurricanes. Then, like a giant slosh, the trend will resonate across the southern hemisphere until it hits Antarctica, which will melt at amazing speed to match the north. Now Antarctica has, for all practical purposes, as good as all the remaining ice on earth, enough to raise sea level by 100 meters. Even if only a third of it -- the most vulnerable ice mass over water -- ends up melting, you'll get over 30 meters of sea rise in just a relatively few years or decades. Remember, we are heading for ice-free poles altogether by this time. However, as the land ice also warms, glacial flow into the sea will also accelerate, dumping a lot of the land-bound secure ice into the warming water, where it will play against the warming air and water while losing even more mass. For now, let's just leave it at one third, though. That's bad enough, and there's no more Disneyland or Disney World to hide from your worries. There will be no reversing that melt before it happens. It will be caused by and based upon the heat already absorbed by the northern hemisphere, just balancing itself out over the globe. Now you can take a look at your world map of "What happens if the sea level rises 100 feet" and see how much of the populated, metropolis-laden world will be gone. Goodbye to... most of them. Too many to list. Chicago USA and Geneva Switzerland are safe enough, but most of the rest of the major cities will be swamped, and their populations scatter across a countryside not prepared to house them. Whole countries gone, the state of Florida just a dreamy memory, and vacation islands disappearing by the hundreds. That's your real tipping point, where the global weather itself "tips over" and intermixes the previously forgiving hemispherical isolations. Once you get to there, the rest is all downhill... and underwater. Maybe it's a good time to invest in that land in the Dakotas.

It's a relief to hear that the earth is getting warmer rather than getting cooler! The thought of another ice age is terrifying!

The Exxon executives that knew about this 30 years ago and suppressed their research will be remembered as war criminals within our lifetimes. Keep up the good fight.

Ähm, heat doesn’t create fires, it is the drought!

In a ridiculously simplified analysis, if the temperature is one degree below freezing, H2O stays as ice. At one degrees above zero it becomes water. It is not some bell curve. At some point, the melt accelerates beyond anything we expected.

Appart the climate problem, arctic is also a much needed reservoir for fishes and other wildlife. Animals which are part of the biosphere. People won't care since they not directly monetizable, but they play a role.

Very good summary, this is pretty bloody terrifying. Sadly we are stuffed as a planet. I believe some technological solutions will help mitigate the effects but we are well past the point of no return. I'm glad I don't have kids.

Time for atmospheric carbon removal Hydrogen storage at grid scale It's doable!

Research shows the arctic sea ice isn't disappearing at all, seasonally yes as you would expect, but to even suggest there is a long term trend of arctic sea ice disappearing goes against the data.

Let's do something about it people: Install a solar roof, get an (electric) bicycle, get an electric car (Tesla is aiming to half battery cost by at least half over the next couple of years, and have a $25,000 electric car ready by 2023.) Vote for politicians who are serious about climate.

Change your channel's name to "The climate and sustainable lifestyles" and take some time off researching systems science and systems dynamics, collapse of civilizations, ecological overshoots, coextinctions and evolutionary psychology. Believing that there're techno-fixes to our predicament is wasting your time and your audience's time. I know you never reply to my criticism but I hope you at least consider it. By the way, this is a great video with great analogies.

All we have to do is be m,ore efficient with our energy usage, consume less nonsense like new clothes every 5 minutes, and change over to renewable power. For some reason even though the first two have a beneficial effect on personal finances most people ignore them. I have come to the conclusion we are to stupid too deserve surviving this.

Not being under a mile of ice for 90 thousand years sounds like a win to me.

So basically we are all screwed.

I had to dig deep but even here be trolls. The stupid defend the stupidly rich?

Interesting, only the ocean surface temperatures have been increasing - not by alot. As the water cycles back into the deep it rapidly loses that heat. Go 50 meters down and temperatures are not changing at all. Also the latest research on ice age causation has returned some unexpected results. That as the Pacific Ocean surface temperatures increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases resulting in the climate cooling. Water vapor is by far the biggest green house gas. Atmospheric methane is worth a video on its own. It has a very complex interaction with the atmosphere and ultimately breaks down, on average, over 8 years into CO2 and H2O. This is through an oxidation process which again is dependent on how much water vapor is in the atmosphere i.e. different rates in different regions. And Greenland is still gaining significantly more ice than it loses every year. A particular pet hate that I have is how videos like this disingenuously show only the last 2000 years of temperature when talking about the last 10,000 years. Explaining what and why things have changed during that time is something I long await to see a video on.

You didn't mention the massive melting of permafrost in the affected artic circle regions that have seen record temperatures this summer. You already have a bad situation with the CO2 released annually but put into that mix the massive release of methane from these Arctic regions, then you have a much worse situation. Since Methane is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.

Thanks so much for making the science easier to understand! Appreciate your insight.

Nothing a nuclear winter can't fix...

Unfortunately as an Earth Scientist I agree we are in deep deep trouble.

Remember, we still have a 5-10 year time frame to take serious action and hopefully avoid the absolute worst. Do not give up just yet. Take to the streets, defund the fossil economy, force money out of politics. It’s in actual fact now or never.

Excellent video thank you. Please, if you have time to study the latest paper by Natalia Shakhova, it points to a very subtle fact, that is often overlooked when it comes the the CH4 in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). I missed it myself, and I have studied what she and her partner have said more often than I count. What is that subtlety ? the fact that its not the permafrost that is the main source of CH4. The issue is, that of the 1400-4000 gigatones of methane under ESAS, a very large % is gas. Trapped by a layer of permafrost...and dying to get out...as the gas has been added without increasing the volume, over millennia, it is under enormous pressure. The permafrost is the barrier keeping a lid (albeit of varying thickness) on this gas. Last year for the first time, from their research ship, plumes of CH4 could be seen with the naked eye, making it to the surface. It is, in their estimation, that a CH4 bomb is ticking and very likely to burst out at "any time". A 50 gigatone burp, of CH4 is =~ 4000 gigatones of CO2 equivalent in terms of green house gasses ~= all emissions by humans since 1750 (or IPCC 1850).

Greenland still ended up at the end of this year's ice melt at just above the 10 year average. That was because it gained excess ice in the previous 2 years. The amount of snow that falls on Greenland in winter has a significant effect on the total ice mass at the end of summer. You have also not taken on board that the effect CO2 increase is logarithmic, not linear. Also you have not considered the saturation point, which some scientists think is already reached. By that I mean the point at which extra CO2 can have no further effect because it is already absorbing all the available IR radiation at the 13 to 18 micron wavelengths.

The complexity of the climate is way beyond human understanding. Even NASA admits this saying, “today’s models must be improved by about a hundredfold in accuracy”, why? Because at the ocean surface, clouds generate a radiative signal 8 times greater than tripled CO2 (1120 ppm). We can't even model clouds. We don't understand the Milankovitch cycles, aerosols and the ocean currents, nor the effect of solar winds. We don't even have a reliable global temperature record. The only long term thermometer temperature record of any scale is the USA and the raw data says over the last 120 years the USA has gotten cooler. That's a fact. The models can't work. Even the great scientist Freeman Dyson knew that and said so. He says we don't have the ability to model climate, it's just too complex. Also once CO2 hits about 400 ppm it's ability to absorb heat is almost nonexistent. The physics of this is well known between water vapor and CO2 all the heat in a specific wavelength has already been absorbed. So doubling CO2 will produce very little warming. Of course the models have to put more water vapor increase in the models to get more heat absorption but that never happened in the past and is a very, very dubious assumption. CO2 was 7000 ppm in the past. We all die when CO2 hits 180 because plants can't live. The more CO2 the better!! Yes, I know I am not suppose to upset this echo chamber. Yet, if your serious go look at the the research from those that are not getting paid to produce this hysteria. Try to make a steel man out of the counter argument and you will find a different answer. It doesn't matter anyway because you can wipe the whole USA off the map and turn it into a forest it won't make a difference and the Chinese and Indian's are going to built 100's of coal plants over the next 20 years. So for sure we will see the failure of these models because CO2 is going to double again.

The information you present is so clear and convincing, you deserve a vastly larger audience to help increase the sense of urgency. BBC should let you host a special daily climate change news update.

Was swimming in a lake over a week ago. Couldn’t believe how hot the water was. Purely uncomfortable.

Not worse than I thought. Everyone has been high off hopium... We have never heard the phrase "not as bad as we thought". This train only goes in one direction: worse than expected. #SeeYouInHell

The only solution is to tax the Sun into submission. Taxing things fixes things, LOL. I'm going to cut down a tree and burn it.

This was a very good summary of the causes and mechanisms of global warming. Congratulations.

My wife and I traveled to near Jasper Canada and saw how the glaciers were retreating in 1980. Also how “many glaciers on Glacier Park is now called some glaciers. Frank

Unflinchingly unpleasant global climate news delivered with deliciously cool smirk of British satire. It can only be Just Have a Think.

While there is a perception that we can control the climate if only we reduced CO2, the reality is the climate is very complex and is only partially understood hence many predictions and forecasts are not accurate. That doesn't mean we can't predict if there is a large Volcano eruption there will be a few years of cooler temps. But predicting when the summer ice on the Arctic will have disappeared is a trickier question. At it is just the summer ice that predictions are being made on. And if the Arctic melts over summer completely it will cause some major problems. But on the positive side just take a look at the engineering feats in the Netherlands and places like Dubai. Going from glacial to interglacial is like a pendulum but it is not regular and some interglacials can be shorter or longer. Life generally through interglacial times thrives ...better crops more food etc and during glacial times life generally perishes in extreme cold. The main affected areas are the areas near the poles and life along the equator generally is much less affected. The various tipping points for these events to take place are mixed but over the last 800,000 years, they have been more firmly connected to the various cycles/orbits of the earth and planets/tilts etc - Milankovich Cycles. Increased 20 century CO2 has possibly given a delayed transition to a glacial cycle although the timings still could be thousands of years from these cycles naturally starting. It always seems to be forgotten that CO2 and temperature is not a linear scale and there is a point when increased CO2 has much less effect on temperature. I am not saying we shouldn't mitigate for CO2 as I think we should but targets like Zero Carbon by 2050 are knee jerk reactions to alarmist media. I am for reduction and less reliance on fossil fuels but most of all we have to think sustainability about things like overfishing, and waste management. Last point. Even when we break down the 20/21st century we can see there has been an Early Warming 1910 to 1940s which was not caused by CO2 as the main factor. It is still not clear what caused the warming but scientists generally think increased solar activity and reduced volcanic activity. But if you think that there were two world wars in that time you would have thought that would have made up for the reduced volcanic activity. The 50s to the early 70s is what is called a cool phase and many believed at the time this could be the trigger/tipping point for a coming glacial/ice-age. Scientists generally believe that this was caused by volcanic activity and increased pollution /smog. From 1976 to the present day is the current warm period and this is when most believe the increaed heat is from the extra CO2 generated by people, and I would go along with that. 10 cents worth of thoughts on this.

Your presentation skills are outstanding. Cheers

Ouch! The Feedback hurts my ears. What ought our species to do? Thank you!