Katowice from a drone | Katowice from the bird's eye view | Poland
▸ The first mention of Katowice appeared in the records of priest Kazimierski, the inspector of the Bogucka parish in 1598. The city's history is, however, determined by the fate of several much earlier Slavic agricultural settlements from the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries and iron forges, which are now its districts. The latter - formed in places where iron ores are shallowly deposited - determined the development of industry in areas that until recently were covered with forest and swampy backwoods, intersected by a dense network of rivers. Of course, settlements were created along with forges - and this is the origin of today's Katowice.
It is difficult to unequivocally determine the origin of the city's name. It probably derives from the name (nickname) of the first settler: the tenant of the Executioner, or from the word "angles" - this was the name of the huts of farmers who worked in felling and transporting wood to the Bogucice forge.
The development of the village of Katowice began with the opening of the connection between Wrocław and Mysłowice by the Upper Silesian Railway Society (Oberschlesische Eisenbahn AG, abbreviated as OSE) on October 3, 1846. On August 6, 1847, the first passenger train entered the main railway station.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Katowice gained the Municipal Theater (later the Silesian Theater), built at the Market Square in 1905-1907 according to the design of the Cologne architect Karl Moritz. The new century brought the city the third railway station in its history, preserved to this day, although unused in its original character. The outbreak of World War I did not cause damage and losses in Katowice, but the development of industry and favorable economic conditions, especially for steel plants.
After the outbreak of World War II, Upper Silesia, unlike most Polish territories, was incorporated directly into the Third Reich, and not into the General Government, while Katowice became the seat of the regency (from November 1, 1939), and then the Upper Silesian Province. Fritz Bracht was appointed sup-president of the regency and Gauleiter. During this period, Katowice also became the seat of the district authorities of the Nazi party, as well as the headquarters of the Gestapo.
During the German occupation, efforts were made to destroy all traces of Polishness (including Silesianness). Among other things, the use of the Polish language (which was also considered the Silesian dialect) on the street was forbidden, it was forbidden to celebrate mass in Polish, and it was forbidden to teach in Polish in schools. Many Polish inhabitants of the city, despite their Polish origin, were forcibly conscripted into the ranks of the German Wehrmacht and sent to the eastern front. There are testimonies that the soldiers, before being loaded onto the train at the railway station, sang "Poland has not yet died" and "God, something Poland".
During the occupation, numerous Polish inhabitants of the city were expelled. The city, dynamically expanding until 1939, was stagnant due to the post-war investment by the Germans.
Katowice was liberated from German occupation on January 27, 1945, when the city was occupied by units of the Red Army. As a result of arson by the Soviet army, a part of the city center between Św. John and Pocztowa.
After 1945, the city regained its former importance as an industrial and administrative center. The first voivode was Jerzy Ziętek. After him, this function was performed by Aleksander Zawadzki. Józef Wesołowski became the first president after 1945. The three-year episode was the short-term change of the name of Katowice to Stalinogród (March 7, 1953 - December 10, 1956).
On June 20, 1983, Pope John Paul II came on a pilgrimage to Katowice and met with the faithful at the airport in Muchowiec. About 1.5 million attended the masses. people.
Source: mojekatowice.p...
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