ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND BATTERY CHARGING WITH WASHING MACHINE MOTOR
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The biggest difference of the universal motor from the serial DC motor in terms of structure is the stator part. Under AC voltage, the direction of the current flowing through the stator and rotor windings of the motor will change simultaneously with a frequency-dependent frequency. This will cause Eddy Currents to flow in the cross section of the core. Eddy Currents are a current that completes its circuit in the form of circles on the cross-section of the core and causes a very large copper loss for the motor, while at the same time increasing in direct proportion to the intensity and frequency of the current that creates it. Since the frequency change process requires many additional equipment and current must pass through the conductors for the motor to operate, the stator part of the universal motor is laminated and consists of sheet packages covered with an insulated material, just like in transformers, in order to reduce this loss. Thus, iron losses due to Eddy Currents are significantly reduced.
Besides Eddy Currents, another factor affecting iron losses is hysteresis loss. Since the current is constantly shifting, the flux will also change direction with it. This means that the magnetization direction of the motor is constantly changing, and accordingly, the residual magnetism in the other direction will be tried to be removed in each direction change and this process will be repeated in each half period. In addition to these, copper losses due to inductive reactance in the universal motor and voltage drop will increase accordingly. This is the most important reason for the decrease in the power factor of the motor. For this reason, the windings are obtained from fewer turns and the inductive reactance value is reduced. In order to obtain the desired torque even at low flux, the number of rotor windings is increased.
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