Kielce from a drone | Kielce from the bird's eye view | Poland
▸ The first references to Kielce come from around 1084, although it is believed that a market settlement existed here much earlier, located at the foot of the fortified castle, the seat of the castellan. Despite the devastating Tatar invasions, the settlement developed successfully, which was crowned with the granting of Magdeburg law to Kielce in 1364. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Kielce experienced a period of economic and demographic boom, resulting from the intensive development of iron ore and non-ferrous metals mining in these areas.
In 1655, during the Swedish "deluge", Kielce was almost completely burnt and a high contribution was made. The city began to recover from its decline only at the beginning of the 18th century.
In July 1789, the Four-Year Sejm decided that the great goods of the bishops of Kraków were to be taken over by the state. Soon, however, Kielce found itself in the Austrian partition as a result of the Third Partition of Poland. In Q 1815 Kielce became part of the Kingdom of Poland. Krakow remained behind the new border, which resulted in the establishment of the capital of the Krakow voivodeship in Kielce.
After the November Uprising, a governorate was created in place of the Kraków voivodeship, ruled by a military chief. In 1844, as a result of an administrative reform, the Kielce Governorate was liquidated, and Kielce became one of the poviat towns in the Radom Governorate. For supporting the national uprising in the years 1863-1864, the city was punished with a number of contributions, many inhabitants were deprived of their property and ended up in Siberia or in prisons.
Under the tsarist decree, issued in 1862, Jews obtained the right to settle in the town. From that moment on, a period of rapid development of the Jewish community in Kielce began. Beginning in the 1880s, despite the Russian terror and persecution, the city was gradually reborn in the economic and demographic field, which was favored by the construction of a railway line from Radom and Dąbrowa Górnicza to Kielce in 1885. In 1904, the first telephones were put into operation, and just before World War I, a power plant was built.
At the beginning of World War I, in August 1914, the Józef Piłsudski Rifle Cadre Company entered Kielce. In September, Piłsudski of the 1st Regiment of the Polish Legions was sworn in. Soon, however, the city was re-occupied by the Russians, who were stationed here until May 1915. After regaining independence in November 1918, Kielce gained the status of the capital of the voivodeship. In 1926, a new power plant was built, in 1927 a sewage system was put into operation, and two years later - a water supply network.
After the outbreak of World War II, the barracks in Bukówka, the power plant, the railway station and the water supply network were destroyed as a result of German bombardments. Defended only by ad hoc organized groups of Polish soldiers, Kielce was seized by German troops on September 6, 1939. After the creation of the General Government, they were demoted to the capital of the district in the district of Radom. During the occupation, the industrial plants in Kielce operated for the needs of the German army. In April 1941, the Germans established a ghetto in Kielce, in which approx. 27 thousand Jews were confined. Jews from the city and nearby towns. About 20 thousand people - mainly women, old people and children, were transported in August 1942 to the death camp in Treblinka. From 1941, at the foot of Mount Telegraf, there was a camp for soldiers and officers of the Red Army, where over 11,000 died of hunger and epidemics. prisoners. In the years 1942-1943, the German occupiers carried out numerous executions of the Polish and Jewish population, including at the Stadium and at the Jewish cemetery. After extremely hard fights, on January 15, 1945, the city was captured by the Soviet army.
Source: sztetl.org.pl/pl/miejscowosci...
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