Peugeot, DS & Citroen Factory in France Rennes - Stellantis production
The Stellantis Rennes Plant is one of the principal car plants in France, producing approximately 340,000 cars in 2005. The Rennes plant was acquired by the PSA Group in 1976 when Peugeot took a majority stake in the Citroën company which had built the plant.
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Stellantis Rennes is the largest private employer in the Rennes conurbation, with approximately 2,000 people as of 2021.
At the beginning of the 20th century, with France producing more automobiles than any other country,[2] automobile construction was heavily dependent on a handful of traditional craft based skills, and the country's auto-industry, along with most heavy industry in France, was heavily concentrated in the Paris region. Having grown prosperous as a munitions producer during the war, when automobile pioneer André Citroën was ready to start his own manufacturing business, applying revolutionary production techniques which he had seen in development at Ford's Detroit plant, the obvious place to base a new auto-business in France was Paris, which is where Citroën's car factory was established in 1919.
Forty years later, the production techniques pioneered by Citroën had permitted the auto-industry to become one of the most important sectors in the industrialising economy, and auto-production had become massively labour-intensive. The artisanal skills of the Paris carriage maker were no longer of much relevance, however. Commercial success for the 2CV and (more recently) DS models left Citroën desperately short of production capacity in their cramped Paris site, and the decision was taken to build a new greenfield plant. The Rennes location was chosen in 1958 on account of its abundant supply of available labour and the low wages in an area where the economy was heavily dependent on the primary sector. Farming in the 1950s was beginning to shed labour fast as an increasing share of the agricultural workload hitherto reliant on manual labour was mechanised. Citroën's decision to build their new plant on a Greenfield site in an area still dominated by agriculture mirrored auto-industry developments taking place at this time in Michigan and several adjacent states in the USA.
The site can be divided into four zones, covering respectively administration, logistics (with general support), quality and production. Of these four elements it is, of course, production that uses most of the space, and the production activities are in turn divided between four sections as follows:
• Stamping: The principal metal components of the body and chassis are stamped into shape using heavy hydraulic presses.
• Body shop: The panels are welded together using robotic welding machines, and emerge as recognisable car bodies.
• Paint shop: The painting process, which is also highly automated, involves immersion of each car body in a succession of basins with the final coats being robotically spray painted.
• Final assembly: Engines and other sub-assemblies from other PSA plants are fitted to the painted bodies along with smaller more specialist component many of them sourced from third party suppliers. It is the coordination of all these elements that forms a major portion of the company's logistics activity.
The various parts of the production area are linked by an array of automated conveyors. At the end of the final assembly area the cars are welcomed first to the testing section and then to the dispatch area.
Source: stellantis
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