very good video greek friend

@@adnan_honest_jihadist5775 Thank you very much

Your Semitic, berber, spread of humans and history of writing system videos are terrible and full of mistakes

lol the facebook page looks like its planning to make an age of empires game hahaha

How to make

Indeed, it was one of most difficult project

​@@CostasMelas it could've been more accurate.

Thank you

Yes but at the cost of overestimating the areas for certain families, like those in China

Thank you

All linguistic studies, archeological discoveries and theories***

What do you mean no propaganda?

so many propaganda

no propaganda? the japonic part was ripped off right from pseudo japanese scholars

Thank you very much

만약 한반도를 백제가 통일했다면 현재 한국과 일본은 같은 나라였을 가능성이 높다고 봄

@user-iz7wy7pe6q The average Korean right-winger's delusion is this:

@@ognianeeh5684 난 좌파이고.. 이순신을 싫어하고 일본의 일선동조론을 긍정적으로 생각하는 사람이다

@@ognianeeh5684 so what

Ming dynasty is ancient?

Thank you very much

逗呢，山东人的基因纯北方人，苗族就没有北方基因，纯粹的南方土著

@clemathieu JT 古代山东遗址人反而和日韩人更接近，你们是哪门子土著，山东大葱爱吹牛

@@user-bo1cf1iz1c Miao people have probably the most Northern genes when compared to other "Southern" minorities.

me too. In addition I want to watch transitions about Nivkh and Uilta

Thank you

Thank you

Thank you

Wherever Sino-Tibetan speakers stepped, they won over the native speakers in those areas. This can also be seen in NE India, South China and Myanmar and most of the SEA border areas. Guess they were more advanced.

Mountainous islands of Taiwan remain aboriginal majority

@@rednose5382 I think 'cultural assimilation' is the more correct term here, the chinese simply settled in large numbers wherever they conquered and just replaced the local native population

@@awwmanboi9791 No, most of them were pushed to the south. And Sino-Tibetan doesn't only mean Chinese. Look at Myanmar and North East India too. Same scenarios. If it was assimilation then people from Burma would have been more SEA than EA.

In my opinion Taiwan is more similar to Ireland and Britain island, and Chinese mainland is similar to Germany and Scandinavian peninsula. Sinitic Hokkien speakers from mainland China migrated to Taiwan island and replaced many Austronesian speakers' territories, just like Germanic Anglo-Saxons occupied most of Celtic lands in Britain and Ireland. Exactly, Hokkien belongs to Sinitic though, it is not Mandarin. English belongs to Germanic but it isn't German or Swedish. It's not very appropriate to compare Taiwan to North America (Germanic America), compare Chinese mainland to British Empire.

Thank you very much

Thank you

Thank you

@@CostasMelas you're welcome

Thank you

Thank you

Thank you very much

Thank you very much

Not a masterpiece...contains misinformation.

Not masterpiece... too much incorrect information.

Thank you

Thank you

Thank you

Thank you

Thank you

Thank you

Thank you

Thank you very much

Nah it’s fine

Thank you

Seems that conquering China was Manchus biggest mistake. Not only did they lose their homeland, they lost their language as well and it was all their fault that happened. If they only remained in Manchuria, they might still be a separate country from the Chinese today.

a small group diluting itself in a big group is probably gradual suicide

There is a language derivated of manchu: Xibe in Xinjiang Uighur

That's mainly because they got sinicized, during their ruling. In the early Qing the ruling class knows Manchurian, but later even the emperor didn't know how to speak that. In the late 1800s the Qing government let huge amounts of Han Chinese migrate to so-called '' Manchuria'' to prevent that area from being taken away by Russia. Hence, Northeastern mandarin became the dominant language and lingua franca among all ethnicities of Northeast China. That's how manchurian ancester tribes who did not move to Beijing lost their mother tongue.

China be like: "If you strike me down, I shall become more powerful than you can possibly imagine."

Andaman languages

@@CostasMelas Thank you. Are you sure they can all be grouped in the same substratum group?

@@CostasMelas only in sentry island?

Thank you

@@CostasMelas no problem😎

At the beginning of the video, Tibet does not look blank. It was lightly occupied by Tibeto-Burman speakers

Timor is not Austronesian

@@Clarksville000 Tetum, official language of Timor Leste are Austronesian

@kepala kentang This is based on each countries official language

Tai kadah/Thais are not an Austronesian family, they are from southern China who left because they did not want to be assimilated by Sinitic/Han Chinese

The Srivijayans Austronesian invasion of Java is the reason why the Javanese Austroasiatics language disappear

The indigenous peoples of the Liaodong Peninsula were attacked by Khitan C2 and Han O2a and were pushed into the mountainous areas of the south and east of the Korean Peninsula. These groups are a haplogroup called O1b2a2a-L682, which is different from O1b2a1-47z in the western part of the Japanese archipelago. Yayoi O1b2- M176 is a descendant of O1b1 in Southeast Asia and the Yangtze River coastal area of ​​South China, and diverged about 30,000 years ago. Since around 5000 BC, it has been divided, and O1b2- M176 has been introduced to the Japanese archipelago and the Korean peninsula. -47z in the Japanese archipelago diverges earlier, so the group in the Japanese archipelago may have interbred with the indigenous people earlier. Also, many people misunderstand that the D1a Jomon man from the north and the D1a Jomon man from the west have the same Y-chromosome DNA, but their mitochondrial DNA is completely different. In other words, there were at least two types of Jomon people. It is said that the Yayoi people migrated from the Korean Peninsula because the Jomon people who lived in the western part had mitochondrial DNA from Northeast Asia. It is natural to think that the Jomon people who came from all over the world were a different species because they had different languages. In conclusion, the Yayoi people are an ethnic group that originated in the Japanese archipelago. The O1b1 race, the parent of the Yayoi people, originated in Southeast Asia and speaks Proto-Austronesian. The origin of Japanese is the language of the Jomon people who lived in the western part of the Japanese archipelago. The origin of the Ainu language is the Jomon people in the north. The Ainu people are a mixture of the Jomon people of Hokkaido and the Okhotsk people (Russian Siberian minority) who came from Karafuto around the 13th century.

@@user-hn4qr8ty6f Very interesting! Thanks

The Cascade does not start with the Tungusgic or Sinnic peoples. It started with Koreans pushing the Japonic Yayoi out of the peninsula whilst also having control and expanding into north east Manchuria. This corresponds with the expansion of Goguryeo and Beakje. After the collapse of Goguryeo and Beakje due to Tang conquests, the Koreans are pressured out of Manchuria By sinnic peoples. But the Koreans bring in and band with the Tungusgic peoples from the northeast of Manchuria to repel the Chinese. This will be the foundation of Barlhae. After a couple centuries Barlhae collapses due to a constant invasion of Khitans added with a sudden eruption of a supervolcano. The Khitans throughly and systematically remove the Koreans out of Manchuria, but leave the Tungusgic people be as they were not settled in the geography. This power vacuum of Koreans let the Tungusic people populate Manchuria and even establish their own independent state to the surprise of the Khitans.

@@user-hn4qr8ty6f Sanada lol

Apparently, Japanese tried to reverse this process in 1592，1895,1905,1931 and 1937.

Thank you

Oh a random Japanese on the internet who knows the what happened in the World War II especially those “Japanese army”. 😂😂😂

interpreting？ you mean killing,right?

@@user-ih9pg5dp7m As soldiers, they may have fulfilled that role, but that's not what I mean. As you can see from the video, the language of Taiwan is similar to the languages ​​of Southeast Asia, so the Takasago tribe, who was educated in Japanese at the time, was able to translate it.

@@Reimu2023 As far as I know, China, Korea, and ten ASEAN countries, all Japanese colonized people were forced to learn Japanese.Why are you emphasizing this minority? All are the same.You even call them by colonial name, their real name is Gaoshan.

@@user-ih9pg5dp7m Excuse me, Takasago is just a Japanese name. I understand that there is a name Gaoshan. I heard that Japanese language education was conducted in Southeast Asia during the war, but of course they were not able to speak Japanese from the beginning. The interpreter by Gaoshan was helpful at first.

Thank you

Thank you very much. I have made the video about the Sinitic languages

Thank you

@@CostasMelas My friend, where does the origin of the Turkic people come from?

@@kerimakt8295 Tuva, Buryatia, Mongolia

@@Nomadicenjoyer31 thanks I know you got out of there who was there before the Turkic and the Mongols

@@kerimakt8295 Turkic peoples were older than Mongolics in Mongolia.

Yes, I will try that in the future

Portuguese colonization. Portuguese belongs to the Italic (Romance) languages

Steppe substrate refers to un-classified steppe languages such as xiongnu etc

@@CostasMelas Do you think they are related to any modern languages unlike the substrates in Europe? I mean like Yenisei, Mongolic, Turkic, or any other paleosiberian languages for that matter.

@@CostasMelas Also before you do a worldwide language family video as it seems you’re coming on can you do a worldwide isolate language video?

@@Teapoid Chinese sources reported that Xiongnu language was almost same with Tiele which makes them Turkic with ease

I aspire to create

Thank you

연변자치주로 한정해도 조선족 인구가 30퍼대에 불과합니다

中國朝鮮族主要分佈在與朝鮮的邊境上

@@liangyue322 There are many people in Heilongjiang Province, close to 400000

Since Lee Seong-gye is Jurchen, isn't modern Korean similar to Manchu?

​@@user-hn4qr8ty6f do you think just one person can change the whole language of the country? 🤪🤪🤪

Negrito peoples preceded

@@CostasMelas have we extracted any words in dravidian and austroasiatic of this negrito subtrate?.

Austroasiatic speakers are genetic West Eurasian? Don't you mean East Eurasian? Some Philippine Negrito languages actually retains words from this Negrito Substrate because they don't exist in the more mainstream Philippine Austronesian languages. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Negrito_languages#Unique_vocabulary

@@JcDizon Yeah, I meant East Asian. Andamanese group with East Asians. Okay do we have any idea if those Philippine Negrito Substrate are related to any extant languages?.

​@@CostasMelas do negrito languages still exist today?

Thank you

Chavacano is a spanish creocle 👍🏻, tho the Filipino languages are Austronesians, such as Cebuano, Tagalog, Waray, Maranao, and etc.

Only Chavacano is actually Italic and it’s located only on a small part in the Southern Philippines

Pues el país fue parte del imperio español, específicamente de Nueva España (en México), durante el siglo XVI hasta XIX.

Mainly Xiongnu language

​@@CostasMelas Why do you not show Turks.

Thank you. Try setting the resolution to 1080

nah Ancient Korea is Ancient Manchuria Ancient Japan is Ancient Korea Ancient Jomonia is Ancient Japan

Ainu is mixed between northern jomon and unknown Siberian tribes

An inference based on linguistics. Don't trust it too much. Historically, there is not much evidence for this.

@@nose665 Historically and Archaeologically Koreans started and peaked around Southern Manchuria and Northern Korea. The Linguistics simply follow that historical information.

@@Wandrative Those were called Fuyu people, not exactly Korean. Korean people's ancestors are the Samhan people, they inhabited South Korea much like today.

Sán Dìu language (/saːn ziw) in the Northern Midlands of Vietnam, Hakka-based language, strongly Cantonesized, recently Vietnamesized in pronunciation.

the way mixed languages or creoles work is that there will always be a base substratum language that acts as the foundation, then depending on how high the admixture and loaning is, there will be an adstratum language acting as its superstrate heavily influencing it. how would one represent it? well, one would have to choose the inherent genetic base of the foundational structure. it is just very characteristic for that language to have a lot of influence from other languages. for example, english is base germanic, but throughout the millennia has had a lot of romance influence and some celtic influence, so it's basically a germanic language that has a lot of italo-celtic influence

cantonese and hakka are base sinitic languages with a lot of very old tai-kra, hmong-mien, and some austroasiatic ancient substrate loans. this is because of a high amount of assimilated tai-kra, hmong-mien, and austroasiatic peoples that shifted to a sinitic language with their former tai-kra, hmong-mien, and austroasiatic languages leaving remainder substrate words that got borrowed in long ago into cantonese and hakka around 2000 or 1000 years ago. meanwhile, vietnamese is a base austroasiatic language with a high amount of sinitic, tai-kra, and some hmong-mien loans, which is also a result of its history taking in and assimilating a lot of sinitic, tai-kra, and hmong-mien migrants to its base kinh population.

Cantonese, Hakka is not mixed language, Vietnamese is a mixed language!Vietnamese is the birth of the Khmer tribe colonized by the Han people, and the paternal lineage and surname of the original Jing people who led Vietnam's independence came from the Han people! However, during the reign of China, Khmer tribes and primitive Jing people were not accepted by the Han people and could only be slaves.Vietnamese (Khmer-Chinese Cantonese fusion language) was produced by the thousand-year rule history of Chinese！Modern Jing people have about 20% of the population of Han descent! Light complexion, high nose and thin lips, it is easy to identify Han descent!

Thank you for the additional information. Feedback is helpful to improve. I may included in a later video or remake

They are marked from the moment they appear in the frame

Don't Mongolic and Para-Mongolic be roughly the same, as the intention is to portray a primary language family?

@@joagalo para-Mongolic includes khitan, Serbi and Pannonia Avar

If we compare the Mongolic Languages to Tetrapod, Para-Mongolic is comparable to Fish. And we should call Vertebrate “Macro-Mongolic”.

The Turkic peoples only covered a small area mainly around Kazakhstan for a long time. It was only in the 1st Millennium CE when they started spreading and populating large areas. Hence the Turkic languages are far more similar to each other than languages in other major language families like Indo-European or Sino-Tibetan.

Knk Yunan bunu hazırlayan Türklere karşı ırkçı zaten belli.

@@tanhukim9963 Bilmiyorum. Yunan olduğundan dolayı kendisine "Türklere karşı ırkçı" diyemem, bu hatalı olur.

@@Secular_Turkish knk bugünkü Moğol steplerinde moğollardan önce biz vardık zaten. Altay sayan dağları arası, tuva, buryatya ve bugünkü moğolistanda bizler vardık zaten. Moğollarsa mançuryadan geliyor. Çinliler ile Moğollar tunguzlar bizi batıya doğru itelediler. Orta asyadaki Hint iranlıları da biz iteledik. Türk dil ailesi videosunda bile tarihimizi çok geç başlattı.

@@tanhukim9963 Evet biliyorum. Ben karşıt bir şey söylemedim ki.

​@@Secular_Turkish daha doğrusu itelediğimiz azdır çünkü Hint iranlılar kazakistan ile Kırgızistan civarı bozkır (Kırgızistan dağlıktır çoğunluk) olduğundan dolayı Özbekistan,Türkmenistan ile Kazakistan'ın güneyi olan ekim alanlarına yerleştiler çoğunluk. Orta asyanın Türk olması da genelde Arap, çin, Moğol saldırıları sayesinde olmuştur. Ancak bunlar bizi suçluyor.

Manchu Language

Thank you

Negrito substrate. It covers most of the Bay of Bengal

@@CostasMelas And in Indonesia too?

Classical Chinese used as a second state language

Peninsular Japonic(반도일본어설)

알렉산더 보빈의 반도일본어설.

Chinese immigrants overrided many natives out of their land. There is a reason many countries in the world don't usually allow Chinese passport holders visa-free or visa-on-arrival when they travel

austronesian languages come from Fujian

Fujian to tawain-phillippines.... Austronesian have O1a DNA paternal haplo group. Like modern day Filipino and native taiwanese

Thank you. Manchu remained typically as co-official

The stripes with Khaki colour and the Khaki in the up-left is Iranian languages. It is also marked in the info column. Wusun are marked with green because they belongs to the Indo-Aryan groups

@@CostasMelas Yes I saw, But in India it was deeper than what you showed. And I don't see Ordos culture again! I don't like to be angry like the extreme Turk nationalists. But Wusuns were not Indo-Aryan, bro

@@Kavian156 Wusuns were in fact Tocharic people according to Chinese sources.

@@Nomadicenjoyer31 Most sources and historians point out that they spoke an Iranian language, which is close to the Sogdian language 🙂

Based Hattians who were first and real Anatolian peoples.

I'm pretty sure he already did a video on this

Chad Indo-Europeans. You had to write your comment in an Indo-European language

@@ghs89 🤣

@@ghs89 Early European Farmers > Indo-Europeans

I hope the Hmong language and culture shall be preserved.

Hmong-Mien Languages

for a moment, i thought the rose colors in the middle of china just meant unihabited lol but then i saw hmong-mien hahaha

There is this opinion but it is uncertain

the Ainu come from Jomon, specifically the Satsumon culture that factored into the Ainu. Okhotsk were a bunch of Nivkhs assimilated by the Ainu

The Y-chromosome DNA of the Japanese emperor is D1a2 Jomon. About 40% of Japanese are Jomon people, about 35% are Yayoi people, and about 20% are East Asians. Pure Jomon people have disappeared, but all Japanese people inherit the blood of Jomon people.

You refer to the Xiongnu, but it is not certain that they were Turkic-speaking

@@CostasMelas While its true that there was some controversy about the origin of the Huns/Xiongnu, the consensus after recent decades is that they were Turks of Oghuric affiliation, mostly based on credible studies confirming that the vast majority of attested Hunnic names, as well as all Hunnic successor clans are of evident Oghur Turkic origin. All Hunnic tribes (entirely Oghur Turkic) : Akatziri, Onogurs, Utigurs, Sabirs, Bulgars, Saragurs, Kutrigurs, Barsils Also Chinese sources said that Xiongnu and Tiele spoke the same language Recorded Hunnic names of Turkic origin : Aigan = moon prince; from Turkic aï & can Atakam = elder shaman; from Turkic ata & kam Balach = calf; from Turkic Malaq Berik = strong; from Turkic Berık Basik = governor; from Turkic Bârsiğ Bleda = wise; from Turkic Bildä Dengizich = ocean-like, heavenly; from Turkic teɲez & dêɲri; or, more simply, great lake Donat / Donatu = horse; from Turkic Yonat Edeco = good; from Turkic Ädgü Ellac = to rule; from Turkic el & lä Emmedzur = horse lord; from Turkic Ämäcur Eskam / Esqam = companion of the shaman; from Turkic Eŝkam Hereka / Kreka = pure princess; from Turkic Arïqan Ernakh / Hernac = small man, heroic man; from Turkic Ernäk Karaton = black cloak; from Turkic Qarâton Kursik = either noble; from Turkic Kürsiğ; or belt-bearer, from Qurŝiq Mundzuk = bead; from Turkic Munčuq Oebarsius / Aybars = moon leopard, from Turkic Aïbârs; or dun leopard, from oy & bars Oldogan / Odolgan = either red falcon, from Turkic al & dogan; or chubby, from Tolgun Oktar / Uptar = brave; from Turkic Öctär Ruga / Rua = wise man; from Turkic Ögä Turgun = still/calm; from Turkic Turkun Uldin = six; from Turkic Alti

@@Nomadicenjoyer31 There are various sources and theories in this regard. So don't be constantly pandering!

@@Kavian156 🧐

@@Nomadicenjoyer31 The truth is bitter, bro

Proto-Japonic

​​​@@CostasMelasThe Han people ruled Shandong in the Shang Dynasty. How can there be Japanese-speaking groups everywhere?Before the Song Dynasty, it was impossible for the Han people to treat foreigners as human beings, especially in the Shang Dynasty, when foreigners were sacrificed like cattle and sheep.😅The ancestor of the Huns with C-gene Di people was the sacrificial tribe of the Han people in the grassland, and the Aryan ethnic group like Guifang was even killed as a sacrifice in the Shang Dynasty.😅

no, it's more like this is East Asia + maybe 3/4s of Southeast Asia + some parts of South Asia it could even be called the Far East minus some bits of indonesia, but plus some the eastern bits of South Asia

@@lenguyenxuonghoa Northeast Asia is actually the Asian parts of Russia today like Siberia, kamchatka, sakhalin, etc. etc.

@@xXxSkyViperxXx Omg tysm, because in Vietnamese geography textbook, the term “Đông Bắc Á” which be translated as “ Northeast Asia” consists: China-Taiwan ( Vietnam doesn’t recognize Taiwan as a country ), North Korea, South Korea and Japan. But this book is kinda outdate nowaday

@@lenguyenxuonghoa sometimes in certain online games, there are some russian players in the asian server, but actually when u see them in real life, they look asian but just speak russian. its cuz they live in asian parts of russian far east to the north of mongolia and china and japan.

Yes,they can be found in the deep mountainous jungles

​@@fayhay8011 Not really. There are tribal Austroasians among urban dwellers in Malaysia like my colleague from Semoq Beri tribe. Google the name and check

@@yimveerasak3543 Oh,I see

Aslian Languages

Orang Asli is Austroasiatic in Malaysia but they look nothing like East Asian. They look like Australian aboriginal

Yes

@@CostasMelas what’s the evidence?

They spoke a Turkic language which was closely related to Tiele.

@@CostasMelas they were speaking a turkic language