An adult skeleton has 206 bones. Babies have around 300, but some of them fuse together as they grow. The skeleton is divided into two main zones - the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton has 80 bones, which include those of the head, the rib cage, and the vertebral column. It is topped by the skull, which is made up of 22 bones - 8 cranial bones which house your brain, and 14 facial bones, which include the mandible, or jawbone. Not included in these 22 skull bones are the ossicles - three small bones inside each ear - the malleus, incus, and stapes. These bones help you hear by amplifying sound waves, which then move to the cochlea, which discerns pitch! The rib cage, or thoracic cage, helps protect the heart and lungs. It includes the ribs - 12 on each side - and the sternum. Your vertebral column is made up of vertebrae - cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral. Cervical vertebrae are in your neck and hold up your skull. The ribs are supported by thoracic vertebrae. The spinal cord ends within the lumbar vertebrae. Five sacral vertebrae are fused to form your sacrum, which holds your upper body. Below it is the coccyx, or tailbone. In humans the coccyx is short, which is why we don’t have tails! The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones, including those that make up your shoulders, arms, and legs! It includes your scapula, or shoulder blade, and the clavicle, or collarbone! You have three arm bones. The humerus is in the upper arm, while the ulna and the radius are the bones of the forearm. You have 27 bones in one hand and one wrist. These include carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The proximal, intermediate, and distal phalanges make up your fingers! The hip bone can be divided into three - the ilium, ischium, and pubis! Together with the sacrum and coccyx, these bones form your pelvis. There are four bones in each leg. The patella is your kneecap. The femur is above the knee, while the tibia and fibula are below it. There are 26 bones in one ankle and one foot and they are easy to remember once you know the hand bones! Your toes have proximal, intermediate, and distal phalanges, just like your fingers. However, the foot has tarsals and metatarsals, while the hand has carpals and metacarpals.
Want to learn all this in song format? Check out this video! • SKELETON BONES SONG - ...
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