Let's Hack: Extracting Firmware from Amazon Echo Dot and Recovering User Data

Рет қаралды 95,627

Жыл бұрын

Let's Hack the Amazon Echo!
In this new video format, I took a longer look at the Amazon Echo Dot (Generation 2) device I've worked on previously. This is an uncut video where I walk through my process when looking at a device and its filesystem. I ended up removing the eMCP chip and extracting the storage partitions on the device. I learned a lot from this process and look forward to poking around at this data more. If you take away anything from this video it is that you need to factory reset devices, if not destroy them, before they leave your possession... I'm sure there are some Android DFIR pros out there who can point me to interesting parts of the filesystem to look at in the future!
Feedback on this new video is welcomed!
eMMC reader I use:
www.ebay.com/itm/334442938179
IoT Hackers Hangout Community Discord Invite:
/ discord
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#hacking #iot #cybersecurity #privacy #android #dfir

Пікірлер: 218

@mattbrwn Жыл бұрын

UPDATE: the storage partition also has API keys used for various amazon services that are associated with the previous user's account. (albeit probably expired)

@neon_Nomad Жыл бұрын

Those are great for text to speech services;)

@marcwilkinson2072 Жыл бұрын

Sure dd stands for disk dump bro 👍

@CaseyStrouse Жыл бұрын

@@marcwilkinson2072 Disk destroyer is what I've always known it as

@snooks5607 Жыл бұрын

@@marcwilkinson2072 there's many claims to what dd stands for and while it doesn't exactly matter for modern purposes ("disk destroyer" is just as valid imo) but for historical purposes it's a fact (corroborated by Dennis Ritchie, original co-author of Unix) that dd was inspired and named after an old JCL statement for IBM S/360 computers called DD where it stands for "Data/set definition"

@marcwilkinson2072 Жыл бұрын

@@snooks5607 disk dump seems to resonate better with me in my personal opinion, as that's what the command does, it dumps the data to an image file, also it has write capabilities too, but I've never used the dd command to destroy a disk.

@randomfrequency Жыл бұрын

There's multiple root filesystems because that's how they do OS updates - they update one root filesystem, then the bootloader switches to it - if it fails to boot, it reverts back to the last known working state. Typically any user data would be in its own partition - and you're right, it's an android based system. Amazon's fire products are android based.

@mattbrwn Жыл бұрын

Yeah I kind of came to that conclusion over the course of looking at this device. It makes so much sense. Google has invested years of security work into android.

@randomfrequency Жыл бұрын

@@mattbrwn FreeNAS does it too, it's how we update switches and routers for the last few decades. We use it for immutable infrastructure in the cloud too. Nix offers something like it, and there's a ZFS booter for linux that lets you replicate the same pattern but with snapshots

@randomfrequency Жыл бұрын

@@mattbrwn Also IIRC this isn't really an .. 'android' feature, more of your bootloader.

@andreastepperink2495 10 ай бұрын

Fujitsu does the same with its iRMC (management board for Primergy servers). You have two slots, one is active (running) and you flash new firmware to the 2nd (inactive) one. You can switch over manually or automatically ("use the slot with highest firmware version", "use the slot recently flashed", etc.). These management boards are Linux-based too ususally.

@mustacheboyo 8 күн бұрын

Like android A/B?

@dwagner6 5 күн бұрын

Your soldering iron tip looks pretty oxidized. If it’s been giving you trouble, make sure to keep a blob of solder on it when you’re putting it away. Tip should be nice and shiny for best results

@ValleyMustang Күн бұрын

Dude, usually I build race cars, street race and do some computer stuff but this is the first video that I seen that truly got me into wanting to explore more of the deep end on the chips. This is also the first video I've seen from you. New subscriber here.. Also just ordered my chip reader from your link in the description. Can't wait to see what other content you have on your channel!

@jurkodev 12 күн бұрын

51:18 the user name "owner" and the 2 XML files you explored there are standard for android if u take a vanilla android image u can make additional users and the main will always be named owner and the other users when created will appear there also as u see in the first xml it prohibits the dialer and WiFi for the guest user and that's android standard too

@user-ui8my9zs7o Жыл бұрын

This content is so useful. I'm a software engineer but I'm trying to learn more on the hardware side. Thank you so much for posting this content!

@by010 7 күн бұрын

the 700MB sized partitions are android A/B SYSTEM partitions. The big one that had "data" directory is what is wiped when you do factory reset, it contains.. well, data. And ye, it is android. /data directory may be very intresting on biggest partition. /data/data IIRC for application data. I would take a peek at files in there. media / 0 is "sd card" storage in android

@Myself-yh9rr 12 күн бұрын

Some people call DD disk destroyer. That is because you must be careful with the if and of or you might erase what you tried to copy.

@VSteam81 10 күн бұрын

I love how it has an android partition layout

@thargok 14 күн бұрын

Absolutely is an Android system, the runtime environment dalvik has a folder in the root directory which was the giveaway before the APK files. It looks like Amazon took a sample image used by MediaTek for that chipset (probably originally made for Xiaomi as some of their stuff is on it) but I'm not sure if they are actually doing much more than running background services or even starting up the runtime environment as it seems like a lot of overhead for what is really just a glorified IoT microphone and DAC.

@Xanderfied 9 күн бұрын

Yeah, that was my thought as soon as the premise of the video was made clear. Also while Amazon may slap their logo on a device they didn't manufacturer jack crap. Just bought a bulk amount of components, hired a company in China to assemble them, and a couple of internal software engineers to write an API to make it all work together and answer to ALEXA. The amount of usable information that could possibly be altered or repurposed for something else is minimal at best.

@309electronics5 8 күн бұрын

All these smart speakers run some android or linux because making applications for android is damn easy and android already comes with all drivers and tools needed

@jonmarler 13 күн бұрын

Great video Matt! The moniker "dd" stands for "data dumper" because it dumps data. Now you know!

@DanielSimon1995 11 күн бұрын

i always call it disc destroyer - for uknown reasons ofc

@kramermccabe8601 11 күн бұрын

@@DanielSimon1995 you can command DD to write all 0 preforming a low level format of the device destroying the disk to a layman

@trombonedude5312 5 күн бұрын

I always thought it stood for "copy and convert" but "cc" was already taken

@DanielSimon1995 22 сағат бұрын

@@kramermccabe8601 yeah, thats why i call it disc destroyer

@tomska7 6 ай бұрын

Amazing Matt, please keep uploading this kind of live sessions. I personally learn a lot from this kind of videos! Thanks a lot for your work! :)

@nectarinetangerineorange Жыл бұрын

when using the "dd" command; if you specify an appropriate blocksize (i.e. 'bs=4M' is reasonable for most flash storage), the "dd" command can finish much, much faster than if a less optimal blocksize (i.e. the default) was chosen Also amazon products use a derivation of 'FireOS' which is a fork of android from a while back, kinda like how linux-mint is a fork of ubuntu

@mattclaudio2502 12 күн бұрын

bro you are a friggin wizard, these videos are SO engaging i love them

@RB-pc7tg 9 күн бұрын

You can also use hot air on the chip or board while holding the braid with tweezers. As the solder liquifies, you use the braid to mop it up by just running it over.

@CM-xr9oq 21 күн бұрын

21:30 silicone is a thermal insulator. It has very low thermal conductivity. Great video. I learned a lot.

@askal916 Жыл бұрын

Thanks for making this video. I would like to understand this information enough, to apply it to a 1st generation Echo Plus for the purpose of repurposing the hardware. I have always felt that the ~9" tall cylinder has impressive features: Microphones, lighted volume ring, top function buttons, and a pretty great sounding speaker setup. Do you think the main board could be repurposed, or that a newly designed board could be fitted while maintaining the functionality of the other components? I have a new 1st generation Echo Plus I'd be willing to send you. Also is that a Ravens hat your wearing? 👍Let me know.

@thesilvercreepers Жыл бұрын

These are the type of videos I was looking for, Keep up the good work!

@chester_ville_4066 5 ай бұрын

Matt the way you show the commands I love it thanks you, keep it up brother.

@olmrgreen1904 10 ай бұрын

Insane content. Its truly inspiring to see you in action.

@omegatotal 8 күн бұрын

Should definitely add newer lower temp desoldering solder (like CHIPQUIK) to the bottom of that to alloy with it and lower the melting temp, making it easier to clean up with the braid

@CA-FE-C0-FF-EE-00 2 ай бұрын

Damn, that was damn interesting. Has been some time, since I watched a 1-hour video :D Thanks for all the helpful explanations, I really learned some stuff. I loved that you were like "let's find out together" when you didn't understand something instantly. This way, people like me can build up confidence when doing something like this alone. Most KZfaqrs act like they know anything, this way you get really unconfident as a viewer because you feel you ass a viewer are the only person who struggles with stuff on the first try :D Thanks! Keep it up.

@davidshaffer9418 12 күн бұрын

Super Great format. Informative and fun to watch.

@marcosscriven Жыл бұрын

Incredibly well presented video. Thank you. I’ve been trying to understand how an IoT device that uses eMMC can be analysed, as I was only familiar with either simple 8-pin chips, or setups where the firmware could be downloaded without encryption.

@ransomxvi Жыл бұрын

This was fantastic! Thanks for the great walkthrough. Let us know how it continues :)

@mattbrwn Жыл бұрын

thanks! this device was pretty interesting.

@chrisk5433 10 күн бұрын

You should redo this process with an Echo that you have purchased and used yourself. See how much recognizable data you can find in an extraction.

@h8handles Жыл бұрын

Love hacking but new to hardware on this scale. Learning a lot here thanks so much!

@Jason-ug7ey Жыл бұрын

Do you ever do in-system programming (ISP) extractions?

@paaabl0. 18 күн бұрын

Matt, this is brilliant!! Thank you for sharing!

@devsecfranklin Жыл бұрын

Really nice work Matt!

@mattbrwn Жыл бұрын

Thanks!

@user-lq4gw1sj8n Жыл бұрын

Грубые загрязнения хорошо счищается мягкой зубной щеткой. Чип от флюса хорошо чистить обычной салфеткой смоченной изопропиловым спиртом.

@AdricM Жыл бұрын

id love to see more analysis of the google home mini.

@ErickBuildsStuff 11 ай бұрын

Matt, i stumbled upon your video after trying to solve the stuck red mute button and no ring light for my echo 4. I purchased as defective and unable to figure out the problem. Both do not reset and only light that turns on is red mute button at 2 different lighting levels. I'm guessing it's some type of firmware issue. Many others have the same problem and could you look at one in the used market? Follow up video would be awesome.

@mattclaudio2502 12 күн бұрын

also which terminal window manager do you use??

@frosty1433 18 күн бұрын

To reattach can you just use a solder mask and hope for the best or do you absolutely need to reball it?

@world_still_spins 8 күн бұрын

Ok. Now get an Amazon Echo Show 10 to work without a user account. (My roommate has one that won't accept his Amazon info, so he just keeps it pluged in stuck on the setup screen as a fancy paperweight.)

@pandorasbox7957 9 күн бұрын

Just watched this a year later after it was posted love it hope your doing more of this type of video already

@tbwadz 2 күн бұрын

Great video, very detailed. What I wanna know is where in the world do you get that portrait in the background?

@mattbrwn 2 күн бұрын

displate :)

@RickDeckardt 8 ай бұрын

dd stands for copy and convert, but since cc (c compiler) was already in use, they went for dd

@johnfeehley8100 13 күн бұрын

It was originally in IBM's JCL (labeled as "Data Definition") too

@pierpa_76pierpaolo 4 ай бұрын

19:57 WOW reballing. What equipment do you use?

@markayala7752 Жыл бұрын

i have learned a lot hope you post more :) .

@mattbrwn Жыл бұрын

Hoping to do lots of new videos in 3023!

@AdricM Жыл бұрын

@@mattbrwn hope we dont have to wait that long. *eyeing the cryotank

@randomfrequency Жыл бұрын

The SSID or password could also be in some other flash/nvram storage that operates more like a k/v store, this is pretty common with some other devices, although this one has a lot of storage. Likely that keychain apk would lead to more details.

@shanebrady568 Жыл бұрын

Not sure if you've covered this already but what microscope are you using? Could you go over the tools you have in a future video. Thank you!!!

@neon_Nomad Жыл бұрын

Louis rossman.

@mattbrwn Жыл бұрын

Yeah I will do some videos soon on that. I get a lot of stuff based on Louis Rossmann's recommendations.

@pumm3l46 9 күн бұрын

is it possible to do something similar to upgrade the storage chip on a fire stick?

@powerGPT 2 күн бұрын

I think the main question is does Echo Dot send any voice recordings (not when asked a question, but just random things everybody talks about at their homes) anywhere.

@robbdudeson346 11 күн бұрын

I just Subbed - You are pretty good, I want to see a channel where someone teaches Linux on a Kernel Level and goes Up from there... Everyone diverges onto like, Languages and stuff like that but that's not what I'm looking for, I wanna see someone show me how to vuild my own custom Kernel to run on an old Phone and how to force the UBOOT into eating my files and booting my Kernel... I would feel pretty accomplished at that point. The entry for alot of people needs to be the Kernel Level, Need someone to explain the Tools and Hardware that we need to start Learning Properly by RevEngineering Basic Junk... and you went over all that so Kudos! There is a lot of Useful Garbage out there, it would be cool to learn how to repurpose things into Other Stuff...Great Vids I already watched 3 of them...

@S0ll Жыл бұрын

Matt you are a genius 👏💯

@mattbrwn Жыл бұрын

No one is a genius in this field. I probably get imposter syndrome just as much as the next guy. Just keep learning!

@randomfrequency Жыл бұрын

Regarding "typing your password into youtube", why don't you just disable sudo prompting for passwords for users? by default there's a commented out entry in `visudo` that tells you how to do it.

@mattbrwn Жыл бұрын

haha yeah that's not a bad idea...

@randomfrequency Жыл бұрын

You're very brave just doing `cat` on files instead of xxd :)

@randomfrequency Жыл бұрын

For future readers, cat would not encode any escape characters in the contents of the files, which could lead the either corruption of state in your terminal emulator, or potentially worse

@s3anuk 8 ай бұрын

damn my xgecu t48 wont read that emmc :( that reader you used is really expensive too. anyone else found another way to read these? i've tried soldering it onto an sd breakout board but they are really difficult to reball and fit

@mattbrwn 8 ай бұрын

Yeah unfortunately these readers are the best way to go. Sometimes the pads are available for ICP but not always

@lukedavis436 12 күн бұрын

I bet some journalist somewhere is gonna see this and spin up some article about "Are your Alexa's really safe?!!"

@harjoat Жыл бұрын

Excited to see more :)

@KSITREVS Жыл бұрын

Cool video, please keep it up.

@mattbrwn Жыл бұрын

Thanks, will do!

@NKomarov 6 ай бұрын

It would be so cool to replace a memory chip with a bigger one and stuff it with lots of pirated mp3s, don't you think? You could also change some scripts to start ssh server on startup and do other cool things to actually 0wn the device. Maybe install a torrent client with a web-UI to control from your phone. And after you patched it, you could go to the nearest guy repairing phones, he knows where or how to buy a special "mask" (a tiny board with lots of punched holes in it that strictly correspond the contacts on that chip) to apply on the chip and add little metallic balls in order to put it back on the board. Restart, and you finally own it! 😀 P.S. Thanks for a great video! An instant sub from me!

@baghdadiabdellatif1581 5 ай бұрын

start your comment with spoiler alert 🤣

@jamieharper5665 22 сағат бұрын

A masterful removal of the chip and great video dude! 😊 Now I might be a little dumb here (as im primarily a software developer) but how does the flux and alcohol not damage the chip itself? Clearly it doesn't, i think i just don't understand how 🤔

@mattbrwn 19 сағат бұрын

Flux and alcohol are just chemicals used to allow solder to flow and clean the chip respectively. Doesn't affect chip internals or contact points. The alcohol is 99.9% so no corrosion.

@jamieharper5665 19 сағат бұрын

@@mattbrwn Aaaaah I get ya, thanks that makes more sense now! 😁 As I say, I mostly just write code, but I'm messing with SBCs at the moment so this kind of knowledge is going to be super useful!

@FlorianGT396 Жыл бұрын

That is REALLY great. Is there some way, we can exchange the extracted data, so people / others can work on Hacking the Bluetooth Firmware Update / Create alternative Firmware that does work without Amazon Stuff?

@gcm4312 Жыл бұрын

its illegal to share firmware dumps

@FlorianGT396 Жыл бұрын

@@gcm4312 hm ok. It would be cool to know, if there is some way to enable adb.

@gcm4312 Жыл бұрын

@@FlorianGT396 xda forums is your friend

@bagaselectra3469 11 ай бұрын

Interesting content i want more content about extracting firmware ,and i never know use linux os but very interesting ,maybe i will try linux os tomorrow thanks bro👍

@Jules-ki9nx 3 ай бұрын

Would love to know your lab set up.

@neon_Nomad Жыл бұрын

You're not missing much without it ;p better off used for training purposes. Heres to that hotplate reflow station though

@mattbrwn Жыл бұрын

yeah I've been wanting to get some BGA reball stencils and solder paste. This should be a good opportunity.

@neon_Nomad Жыл бұрын

@@mattbrwn ebay is your friend:)

@neon_Nomad Жыл бұрын

@@mattbrwn lookup theCarplayAiboxFriends

@tanjiro3285 Жыл бұрын

I'm trying to learn about writing firmware to cheap apple clone smartwatches and smartbands but I don't know where to look for tutorials on firmware development for mediatek chips and nrf chips.please guide 🙏

@mattbrwn Жыл бұрын

check out the PineTime watch! www.pine64.org/pinetime/ wiki.pine64.org/wiki/PineTime Its software and hardware is open source! You would be able to study the HW and SW for your own learning.

@tanjiro3285 Жыл бұрын

@@mattbrwni have seen the pinetime projectbut the hardware is not available easily in my country (India) please give me some course names which u followed

@redacted1946 Жыл бұрын

That just sounds like regular embedded firmware development. Find a development board with the same mcu that those cheap devices use, reverse engineer the spi/i2c pinouts for the peripherals, write and test your embedded firmware, and then flash it back onto the chip via jtag/swd assuming those cheap devices expose those debuggers

@WalterGreenIII Жыл бұрын

apk files are generally use in android???

@lilladokka 9 ай бұрын

like the features, setup was difficult for some of my devices (August Door lock, kzfaq.infoUgkxhB5YOMNj04GuoAosExygP4cH-dKeb4aB Bose speaker)... but all switches and outlets (5), thermostat, tankless water heater. Unfortunately all I can do is turn on/off Bose. It doesn't support volume or changing channels, but I believe that is due to the particular speaker I have.... Worth getting if you already have other devices to use it with... I don't sit around and ask Alexa questions much so that doesn't really matter to me....

@polishsharpshooter2876 4 күн бұрын

But can you play any of the user’s commands? Can you play anything that it was listening to?

@siosinv3851 7 ай бұрын

What sources or publications did you use?

@siosinv3851 2 ай бұрын

@mattbrwn still waiting on the detail Matt.

@vgx-sam8164 11 күн бұрын

Rally cool stuff to short binge

@scotthewitt6047 8 күн бұрын

Any way you can zoom more in when you are working in terminal

@mattbrwn 8 күн бұрын

Yeah just realized that when editing my most recent video. Will keep that in mind next time

@straubulous9511 3 күн бұрын

May I ask how old you are? You seem quite knowledgeable

@truculenttabasco 9 күн бұрын

Evidence of an Android system should have been the first moment you saw a .apk file, lol

@WayneMetcalf 29 күн бұрын

If you rub a sharpie pen over the chip, it makes it 10x easier to read.

@mattbrwn Жыл бұрын

What devices should I look at in the future?

@markayala7752 Жыл бұрын

I want starlink dishy :p .

@DJChol Жыл бұрын

What about participating in John McMasters reverse engineering of the XGecu programmer?

@mattbrwn Жыл бұрын

@@DJChol wow didn't know about this project! I currently use the xgecu software in wine. I'll look into this project!

@redacted1946 Жыл бұрын

How about something that requires fault injection/voltage glitching. For example to bypass rdp protection on an stm32. Hooking up to a uart shell or a jtag/swd debugger or mounting a filesystem is only so interesting.

@viewgoog Жыл бұрын

I have really been enjoying your videos they are all great! I would love to see you mess around with a DVR for cameras maybe one that is locked and see if you can unlock it? Could probably find one at a goodwill too!

@Sammenluola 9 күн бұрын

Before this, I had no idea this is now my preferred entertainment..! Which is weird since I have no hacking skills whatsoever. 😅

@eduardoanonimo3031 Жыл бұрын

Dude! I thought you have learned the leasson... sunshade hats are for gardening or for harvesting berries in the fields... Still repairing the roof?

@S1Pack 13 күн бұрын

That Baltimore Ravens hat got you my subscription.

@sausix 3 күн бұрын

You should mount your images read only if you want to keep their integrity.

@SlinkyD Жыл бұрын

47:35 run `less` on the files in recover/log edit: correction

@roberts.3712 4 күн бұрын

I love this complicated shit.

@YouTubeCensorsFreeSpeech 7 күн бұрын

dd as in disk destroyer... but we were taught it was data duplicator.

@YouTubeCensorsFreeSpeech 7 күн бұрын

because it copies blocks, the hex editor isn't looking at the beginning of a file necessarily when you open it up.

@superJK92 11 күн бұрын

It is actually based off of FireOS a modified version of android so technically it is android based

@Sherin974 7 күн бұрын

20:40 chips haunted

@mosesmodise4998 4 ай бұрын

how about writing this firmware on a new board i mean like cloning cos this one is now a mess

@brantwinter 4 күн бұрын

What do you all say ‘sodder’ instead of ‘solder’

@gcm4312 Жыл бұрын

probably running FireOS which is a custom version of Android.

@mattbrwn Жыл бұрын

ahh ok that makes sense

@JonathanSwiftUK 14 күн бұрын

To be honest it doesn't seem to make any financial sense, those components and fabrication and construction must have cost the same or more than I paid for it, especially when you say there is 16GB ram and 16G storage.

@deanvangreunen6457 9 күн бұрын

16gb storage is sus.

@fuehwbdb3765 9 күн бұрын

It's shared storage

@graytico 9 күн бұрын

It makes perfect financial sense, they sell them at a loss because they'll make the money back and more in ads and extra sales you make on it. It's the same reason printers are so cheap, they're selling the ink not the printers.

@mikeg1433 9 күн бұрын

@@grayticoYep. In this case, your data is the “ink” that these run on😂

@JonathanSwiftUK 9 күн бұрын

@graytico you mean they're a bit slow - they've only ever made massive losses, nobody buys on those things, yet they have stuck to making and selling them, maybe they are starting to suss out the business model about now, hence the heavy layoffs in this part of the business. Nice hardware, if I could figure out an actual use case, right now she is an expensive egg timer most of the time.

@daynosdr 9 күн бұрын

Oh my, not a first AND last name!

@DrTeddyMMM 9 күн бұрын

Rock on!

@RevJimyJamz 2 ай бұрын

30:23 data definition

@daveherd6864 13 күн бұрын

You can reball with hand it takes time use flux and stick the balls on and use a hot plate

@neon_Nomad Жыл бұрын

Block a or block b gotta flash both or itl wreck your day

@JakeHemmerle Жыл бұрын

dd means data destroyer ;)

@MacGuffin1 2 ай бұрын

DFU= Direct Firmware Update

@deadaccount5645 3 күн бұрын

It’s likely running FireOS

@twitch54304 20 күн бұрын

There’s 36 pins that read that package

@rjbrake Жыл бұрын

It's called DD because CC is already taken by the C Compiler. #trivia. edit: you need to learn regexp, no need to run multiple commands when you can one-line it.

@randomfrequency Жыл бұрын

for i in `seq 1 13` ; do dd if=/dev/sdc$i of=sdc$i bs=1M ; done - no need for regex, just for loops will do.

@neon_Nomad Жыл бұрын

Ah regex hell why doth thou taunt me

@EmilyLovesTea123 5 күн бұрын

Hes so fine omg

@pmkwiek 13 күн бұрын

Please.do the google home mini . I'll s3nd you one

@MrTattooland 3 ай бұрын

Sei il figlio piccolo di Jim Carrey in the mask??

@neon_Nomad Жыл бұрын

Disk destroyer aka. "The dd cmd" that will wreck your day.....

@neon_Nomad Жыл бұрын

Only use if you have a full backup...

@Sepherroth 6 күн бұрын

MTKCLIENT 2.0?

@stoiczfpv 6 ай бұрын

Runs on android

@christophernugent8492 4 ай бұрын

No hacking is not easy. Programming and dealing with software design and code in general is hard topic to grok when even a small amount of complexity is involved.