Bam! :)

Hooray!

That is an awesome rhyme! I love it. :)

The Intro made me subscribe

Hooray! :)

Wow, thanks!

Awesome! Thank you!

Thank you very much! :)

I was reading about DEseq2 and edgeR which deal with design matrices, thats why I jump onto your videos abour GLMs. Would be waiting eagerly for that video. Thanks again.

Hooray! Thank you very much! :)

Thank you!

BAM! :)

Thank you!

BAM!!!! :)

@@statquest haha. Merry Christmas in advance!!

Thank you! :)

Thank you! 😃

Thank you! :)

:)

Glad it was helpful!

Thanks!

Thank you!!!

Hooray! :)

good luck! :)

Thanks!

Thank you!

bam!

Thanks!

Glad it helped!

Thanks!

Glad it helped!

Thanks!

BAM! :)

No problem 👍

Glad you liked it!

Thanks! I'll keep GLMM in R in mind.

Statistics is an easy and enjoyable subject, you just need a good teacher to show you that. Stat quest is amazing at presenting this in an easy and enjoyable way. It’s hard to find good content, but when you do it changes everything.

I'll keep that in mind.

Wow, thank you!

Thanks! :)

You're welcome!

Muchas gracias!!! :)

I just realized that you actually have a website with more elaborate examples of R tutorials/applications that you don't advertise enough. If I were you, I would include discreetly the url on each of my slides. Like a header or footer... Re funding, from what I hear, youtube is not a moneymaker anymore due to changes in policies. I noticed that people with youtube channels have an associated website on which they accept donations or subscriptions via Paypal. Here's an example: freedomainradio.com/donate/ That should be pretty easy to setup if you have a paypal account. Content producers also use Patreon. www.patreon.com/ Get yourself rich(er)!

I totally agree with Ed. Patreon is a good platform for contribution that a lot of KZfaqrs use. This channel is going to be bigger as such videos keep coming up. There is lack of KZfaq videos explaining statistical concepts in such clarity and also lack of linking them with practical applications.

Joshua Starmer Hey Josh, As another possible platform for your content and for more exposure (the academish kind), you may want to check Udemy. I took a bunch of courses from there and there were pretty useful. Not sure how much money u can make because the courses seem to be discounted quite a bit, but you'll definitely have a more "formal" audience and you could put in your resume that u taught a course online.

Like this? kzfaq.info/get/bejne/edd8etmozpOZgJc.html and kzfaq.info/get/bejne/ftiiZcSf3rHDZac.html

Thanks! :)

Thanks!

BAM! :)

Compared to R and Python, STAT is very expensive. If you can convince them to give me a free copy, I'll consider making videos for it.

​@@statquest I was of this impression that a lot of universities have STATA available for the student and staff. Although I can't convince them for free licenses 🙂, one thing is there that STATA is easy to learn for users with no/little experience in programming (like me), and videos on STATA will be quite useful and quick to learn. 🙏 But again it should be at your convenience.

@@ambrishsingh8326 Unfortunately I no longer work at a university. I'm doing StatQuest full time, so I would have to pay for it.

@@statquest Frakanly speaking, I have learned equally/(if not more) from you what I have from any of my professors. Thank a lot. 🙌

yep

bam!

I discuss adding multiple independent variables and interpreting the p-values in the StatQuest, Multiple Regression In R: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/ntWbdK-VrtnYaJ8.html

That means that your p-value is very close to 0.

Bam! :)

When you look at the x-axis on the graph, you'll see that it doesn't go all the way to 0, and this is why it appears like the y-axis intercept (on the graph) is > 1. However, if you replot the graph and include 0 on the x-axis, you'll see that the y-axis intercept is correct. Here's the code to include 0 on the x-axis... plot(mouse.data$weight, mouse.data$size, xlim=c(0,7), ylim=c(0,7)) abline(mouse.regression, col="blue")

Because the formula for the adjusted R^2 penalizes for any number of variables in the equation.

@@statquest But in this video, you only have variable (weight) to predict size , so shouldn't make any difference, right ?

@@litfox5951 Just google the formula for adjusted R-squared and you'll see that any number of variables > 0 will affect the adjusted r-squared value.

The closest thing I have to non-linear regression is fitting a Lowess curve: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/jMxnoq1n35iwc5c.html

If you look at the x and y-axes in the figure, you see that it does not show the origin (when x or y = 0). The figure just shows the region where we have data.

I had the same remark, you can actually define the range of the axes when making the xy plot by passing 2 boundaries values vectors to the arguments xlim = and ylim = . plot(mouse.data$weight,mouse.data$size,xlim=c(0,8),ylim = c(0,8)).

The individual parameters have p-values (see: 3:04) and the entire model also has a p-value (see: 4:29)

Thank you! :)

I answer these questions in my video on linear regression: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pNFidrR6udPDlaM.html

Check archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/index.php

What time point in the video, minutes and seconds, are you asking about?

@@statquest at 2:07

@@chunzili6256 When you say "mean", do you mean "min", which is short for "minimum"? If that is the case, then you want them symmetrically distributed because that implies that the straight line is a good model for the data. If they are not symmetrically distributed, then maybe a curved line would be better.

Unfortunately I'm not familiar with the term "degree of deviation" so I can't tell you what it means.

If we leave the parameters in their raw form they can be much easier to interpret in terms of changes in the underlying variables.

Dang! :)

While it is true that we are comparing the linear regression model to the model that consists of just the mean of Y values (the size of the mice), that is not what's going on when we assess the significance of the individual parameters. When we assess the significance of the individual parameters in the model with both a slope and an intercept, rather than comparing the slope intercept model to just an intercept model, we simply compare the model to one where the parameter is set to zero. For example, for the intercept, we are comparing the fit of the "full model", where we let both the intercept and the slope be optimized to the data, to a model where we force the intercept to be 0 and allow the slope to be optimized to the data, given the constraint that the line must go through the origin. When we test the significance of the value for the slope, we compare the full model to one where force the slope to be 0 and only allow the intercept to be optimized to the data, given the constraint that the line must be horizontal. Thus, this second test, testing if the slope is zero, is the same as testing whether the full model is better than just using the mean Y value, and you'll notice that the p-value for the t-test for the slope parameter and the p-value for the F-test for comparing the models (at 4:24) are the same - both are 0.0126.

​@@statquest Beautifully explained. I GET IT! THANKS!

@@abhishekbhatia6092 Hooray! :)

Thank you so much for asking this question. And @Josh for the detailed and clear answer! Do you have any videos on how the Standard Errors for the t-tests are estimated in this case by any chance?

@@daltakid I don't, and it would take a whole new StatQuest video to explain how it all works. In the mean time, I found this webpage to be very useful: www.chem.utoronto.ca/coursenotes/analsci/stats/ErrRegr.html

If you are interested in discrete predictors, than you are interested in logistic regression, not linear regression. To learn more about logistic regression see: kzfaq.info/sun/PLblh5JKOoLUKxzEP5HA2d-Li7IJkHfXSe

@@statquest Thankyou! I'm looking now!

What do you mean by "OR and RR from this output?"

@@statquest thanks for replying! I meant odds ratio and risk ratio, but my tutor explained it to me! (have to use 'logit' and 'log' functions and then exp() (if that makes sense) complete stats/R newb here.

The x-axis in the plot does not go all the way to 0, so that could be throwing you off. If the plot had an x-axis that went all the way to 0, then we would see the line y-axis intercept at 0.58.

That would require a whole new video and I'll keep that in mind.

1) The p-values for the intercept and weight compare the estimated parameter values to 0. The p-value at the bottom is the same as the p-value for weight (comparing a model where the parameter for weight = 0 to a model where the parameter for weight is the least square estimate. 2) For details on F (and a lot more insight into the answer to question #1), see: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pNFidrR6udPDlaM.html kzfaq.info/get/bejne/sK-EfKmF2M_afmw.html and kzfaq.info/get/bejne/ntWbdK-VrtnYaJ8.html

@@statquest Hello! Thanks for your awesome work :) In a regression with multiple explanatory variables, what p-value should we look at ? Does the R² p-value give us a sense of the impact of all the variables on the explained variable and the specific p-value tell us the specific impact of one explanatory variable ? Thank you !

@@anastasiachery5874 The answers to your questions are in this video: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/sK-EfKmF2M_afmw.html

The degrees of freedom come from the equation for F. The number of observations - the number of parameters etc. As for your second question, I'm not sure I understand it.

@@statquest Oh thank you so much for answering. I was confused about the 2nd question but I actually realised it so no issues. Thank you again.

Correct

@@statquest thank you o much! I'm new to R so am quite confuse with how to answer the statistic questions

@@psiko_nini4362 For more information on Regression, see: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/pNFidrR6udPDlaM.html

@@statquest thank you!

bam!

That's right. I'm in the process of moving all the code to GitHub. I hope to be done by the end of the day.

You need to draw a graph before you call abline().

:)

I think the closest I get is: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/l-CIdt16mp29lpc.html

n i c e

:)

It's just an example of the method, not something that is actually used in day-to-day real life.

bam! :)

Noted

Thanks!

What time point, minute and seconds, in the video, are you asking about?

@@statquest it's my question to you when I do I get this error and how to solve this just I asked

@@statquest why this come tell the reason

@@mscit_08_omprakash40 To be clear, you are not asking about the video. Is that correct? Instead, you are asking about some code that you wrote on your own and you have an error?

@@statquest yes

Just set the intercept to 0.

@@statquest but , how should I code for this in R?

@@munshir.c6161 If you have two variables in your data, x1 and x2, then lm(y~ 0 + x1+ x2, data)

@@statquest thank you :) let me try it

On my keyboard it's a key in the upper left hand corner.

I explain that there is no difference between R-squared and Multiple R-squared at 3:57. And yes, the equation for the adjusted R-squared penalizes for every parameter except for the intercept.

@@statquest Thanks for prompt response. Since there is only 1 independent variable, shouldn't the R-sq and Adj R-sq be same?

@@dhruvdesai3728 You would think, but that's not how adjusted R-squared is defined. The adjusted R-squared penalizes for every parameter except for the intercept.

@@statquest Ok , got it now. Great videos by the way. Keep it up!

:(

I'm sorry my phrasing is so confusing. For p-values, people, generally, but not always, will only go through the trouble of collecting data if they suspect that their hypothesis is correct, so people often "want" to find significance, even if they are supposed to be impartial to the result. That being said, the state of the residuals does have bearing on the significance in that if the residuals re highly skewed, then it's a good sign that the results should not be trusted, regardless of the p-value.

It depends on your keyboard. For me, it's the key right below the "esc" key in the upper left hand corner.

@@statquest thank you, i have another crucial question, where do i find some data to analyze? i would like to use this knowledge in a practice

@@yeahyeah54 Here's a place with all kinds of data: archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/index.php

@@statquest another question, can i make regression between time and another variable? for example i make the linear regression between quarters and log(revenue) of alphabet, i get a p-value of 2.2*e^(-16) and a R^2 of 0.97, does this mean anything?

@@yeahyeah54 Yes. If the slope is positive, it means that as time passes, alphabet makes more money.

bam!

I'll keep that in mind.

:)

Will do!

python is not that good i feel

RAJAT BHOSALE why do you think that?

nah i just said out of sarcasm bro...nothing to worry python is good compare to R because its coding is lil easy compare to R. Also, it is in boom now.

If you have a HUGE amount of data, than that's awesome!

True

I am really sorry! I don't know what is going on. I've contacted KZfaq and have not heard anything back. This is breaking my heart because I never wanted this to happen, but somehow it is. I am sorry and doing everything I can to fix this.