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Translation of mRNA is the biological polymerization of amino acids into polypeptide chains. This process, alluded to in our earlier discussion of the genetic code, occurs only in association with ribosomes, which serve as nonspecific workbenches. The central question in translation is how triplet codons of mRNA direct specific amino acids into their correct position in the polypeptide. That question was answered once transfer RNA (tRNA) was discovered. This class of molecules adapts genetic information present as specific triplet codons in mRNA to their corresponding amino acids. As noted in Chapter 13, the requirement for some sort of “adaptor” was postulated by Francis Crick in 1957.
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