This is actually a good question! Usually when we represent orbits, we show a 2D plane, but remember space is actually 3D. You would be right if the moon orbited perfectly around the equator and the earth orbited around the sun on the same plane. However, the moon's orbit around the earth is actually tilted so most of the time its orbit stays outside earth's shadow. Here's an illustration i.stack.imgur.com/wJ7zK.jpg

the earth atmosphere reflects light onto the moon to make it red, exact same reason why you see red and orange during sunsets

@@SolWake I know this response is late, but I came back to this and your image and your image only would explain how we see a full moon at night, NOT how we see the whole moon during a “lunar eclipse”. A “lunar eclipse” means the moon is fully in the earth’s shadow, NOT slightly outside of earths shadow where we can see it lit up by the sun. During a lunar eclipse, the moon must be FULLY within earth’s shadow. It’s during the lunar eclipse that I question how it can have ANY light what so ever because that side of earth has zero reflection from the sun and facing 180 degrees from it. If I misunderstood something, please explain. I want to understand. Thank you.

@@Dcwest0616-the-best-on-youtube but during a lunar eclipse, the moon is 180 degrees from the side of earth that would have any light in the atmosphere. During a lunar eclipse, the moon fully resides in earths shadow. That’s why it’s called a lunar eclipse. There is zero light in the atmosphere on the side of earth that is observing the lunar eclipse. The only light that would be seen is when the moon moves out from earths shadow and reflects sunlight. In order for the earth to reflect sunlight onto the moon, it must be on the side facing the sun. Like during a “new moon”. During a news moon, the earth has super reflectivity from the sun shining on more than 70% water. That light would then light up the side of the moon facing earth when the moon is on the side of earth that faces the sun. But this doesn’t happen during new moons. The only time we see the moon lit by possible earthshine is when the moon is at an angle away from our observation of the sun on earths side facing the sun. For example, when the moon is 45 degrees away from the sun on the side of earth with sunlight. But on the side of earth with zero sunlight (not twilight area), at the point when the earth would fully obstruct the sun from lighting up the moon, it is impossible for the moon to be lit by any light what so ever.

@@christinamorin1914 the moon turns red during a full lunar eclipse, look up pictures of one