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1) Pomegranate butterfly (or) Fruit borer. (Deudorix Isocrates)
It is a major pest that bore into the developing fruits, feeds inside, and makes fruit susceptible to fungal and bacterial infection.
Control
It can be controlled by bagging young fruits at the early stage with polyethylene bags, spray phosphamidon 0.03 %, or sevin @4 gm.
2) Caterpillar
It makes holes in the main trunk and forms networks of tunnels inside it. Feeding on bark during nights and fill it with excreta.
control
It can be effectively managed by plugging the hole with cotton dipped in petrol or kerosene, chloroform, carbon bisulphide, followed by covering it with mud.
Nowadays, the bagging of fruits is also practiced by the farmers. This helps up to a certain extent and also improves fruit quality.
Diseases
1) Bacterial leaf spot or oily spot (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae):
It is characterized by the formation of small-dark brown water-soaked spots on the leaf, twig, stem, and fruits. Cracking can be observed with the shining appearance at a severe stage of infection. It is most severe in the rainy season
Control
It can be measured to some extent by spraying of streptocycline at the rate of 0.5 g/ liter and mixing with copperoxychloride at the rate of 2 g/ liter on three consecutive days.
2) Fruit cracking or fruit splitting
it is one of the most severe disorders due to irregular irrigation, boron deficiency, and sudden fluctuation in nocturnal and diurnal temperatures; fruits are cracked, which is a common problem in pomegranate.
Control
Spraying of boron at the rate of 0.1% and GA3atthe rate of 250 ppm disease can be minimized to some extent.
Besides, maintaining proper soil moisture levels; selecting cracking tolerant variety are some preventive measures.
3) Sunburn
It is also a major problem if fruits are not harvested at the proper stage. A blackish round spot appears
on the upper surface of fruits. It reduces the cosmetic appeal of fruits.
Control
Bagging of fruits maintains colour and attack of fruit flies.
Pomegranate harvesting is starting after 150 to 180 days from flowering to fruit maturity. But it depends on genotype, climatic condition, and growing region.
Harvesting of fruits should be done at the optimum maturity stage because early harvesting results from the dull, immature, and improper ripening of fruits. In contrast, late harvesting leads to more prone to the attack of disorders. However, Pomegranate is a non-climacteric fruit that should be harvested after at proper ripening stage.
Yield
A healthy Pomegranate tree can produce up to 12 to 15 kg/ plant yield during the first year. From the second year onwards, the yield per plant is around 15 to 20 kg.
Postharvest Handling
It follows the given steps.
Cleaning And Washing:
After harvesting, fruits should be sorted out because diseased and cracked fruits should be removed, and healthy fruits are selected for further treatment.
After sorting, fruits should be washed with solution sodium hypochlorite at the rate of 100ppm in water. This treatment will be helpful to reduce microbial contamination and to maintain a longer shelf-life.
#techuzhavan #pomegranatefarming
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