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The Dialectic of Enlightenment, as presented by Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno, has its reach also in the world of music. In this video essay, I want to explore how two composers from different points in history engaged with its concepts, from Beethoven's Eroica Symphony to Mahler's Tragic 6th, and also study what their work tells us about their respective societies.
Chapters:
0:00 - Introduction
3:01 - Hegel's Dialectics
7:03 - Sonata Form
13:18 - Dialectic of Enlightenment
18:50 - Finale of Mahler's 6th Symphony
1:34:47 - Mahler's Dialectics
Sources and further reading:
The analysis of the finale is based on "Mahler's Symphonic Sonatas" by Seth Monahan (Oxford University Press, 2015)
"Phenomenology of Spirit" by G. W. F. Hegel (1807)
"Beethoven: The Philosophy of Music" by T. W. Adorno (1997)
"Dialectic of Enlightenment" by M. Horkheimer and T. W. Adorno (1944)
"Notes on Hegel’s Dialectical Thinking and Beethoven’s Compositional Style" by Markus Ophälders (2018)