Mars Rovers On The Moon, Satellite Management, Life Near Blue Giants

Mars Rovers On The Moon, Satellite Management, Life Near Blue Giants | Q&A 250

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Күн бұрын

Why won't NASA send a copy of Perseverance to the Moon? Can life exist on a planet around a blue giant star? How do satellites stay safe in orbit and don't collide with each other? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Q&A show.
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👉 Oxygen Bottleneck paper
arxiv.org/abs/2308.01160
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00:00 Start
00:26 [Andoria] Why won't NASA send Mars-style rovers to the Moon?
05:15 [Vulcan] How to get your discovery to the scientific community?
09:56 [Risa] Can life exist near blue giant stars?
13:41 [Aeturen] Can fire be the solution the Fermi paradox?
16:13 [Vendikar] Should you study journalism in a university?
19:26 [Remus] Robin Hanson's grabby aliens
24:21 [Janus] How do satellites stay safe in orbit?
28:39 [Cait] How do supermassive black holes form?
32:56 [Betazed] Will we become a Kardashev Type I civilization?
37:20 [Cheleb] Shape of the Universe
39:43 [Nimbus] Why some planets have no surface?
41:59 [Belos] Should we preserve Earth or find another home?
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Пікірлер: 487

@adastraspace 3 ай бұрын

HUGE thank you for the shout out and kind words!! I’m a huge fan on Universe Today and just getting started on KZfaq, so I very much appreciate it.

@frasercain 3 ай бұрын

Thanks, keep up the good work. You're crushing it!

@GrouchyHaggis 3 ай бұрын

Vulcan: More people need to understand this, very well explained Fraser.

@hunterpdx7061 3 ай бұрын

Vulcan: Another option, rather than pretending to study for your PhD, is find a local conference or meeting in that particular field of study that is also open to interested members of the public. There are often presentations, seminars, and live chats and/or panels that have scientists willing to answer questions. Do not underestimate the power of networking.

@RectalRooter 3 ай бұрын

I like your idea.

@macysondheim 3 ай бұрын

Don’t bother going to “peer reviewed” journals for scientific discoveries you have made. Or corrections you may have for a lot of the false scientific data. These ppl aren’t interested in truth… Their main concerns lie with pushing their atheistic left-wing agendas.

@RectalRooter 3 ай бұрын

@@macysondheim Sounds like a mainstream science " whatever that is " conspiracy theory.

@ReinReads 3 ай бұрын

Expanding one’s knowledge in a field, they are obviously interested in and hope to impact, is far from pretending to get one’s PhD. Without being able to have a deep discussion of the topic one will likely be dismissed out of hand by those who’ve dedicated a significant portion of their life to understanding the field.

@RectalRooter 3 ай бұрын

@@ReinReads Was My thinking wrong ? I took his statement was something akin to -- instead of taking all that time to learn all the stuff needed to correctly write up a paper - - was to talk to like minded people to pass along your idea.

@spacemanmat 3 ай бұрын

With regards to the looking after earth vs going to mars argument, I actually think that the lessons learnt for survival on mars will be very helpful for survival on earth.

@737smartin 3 ай бұрын

Agreed!

@SodThisGiveMeABeer 3 ай бұрын

Fraser, something I think you're missing with the oxygen bottleneck (which may of course be dealt with in the paper - i haven't read it) is that combustion was crucial for early humans being able to cook food and increase their brain size, which i would guess is a core tenet of the theory. It doesn't matter what chemistry or engineering might be possible to overcome an oxygen defecit if the lifeform hasnt evolved the intelligence to exploit it!

@filonin2 3 ай бұрын

Exactly! Not to mention the other survival bonuses like scaring away predators at night and driving away biting insects with smoke. Once we had fire, we had a "magic" to fight the darkness with for the first time.

@leonmusk1040 3 ай бұрын

Gotta love the fact that the very oxygen we rely so heavily on caused one of the great extinction events.@@filonin2

@Smo1k 3 ай бұрын

I haven't read the paper in question, either, but my understanding of the oxygen bottleneck is not about us higher lifeforms and the ability to make a fire, but the bottleneck between having a pressure/temperature point where carbon dioxide is a gas soluble in liquid water: There are four nope-won't-happen-zones, four well-it-could-happen-maybe-in-a-quadrillion-years-zones and only one zone (like, Earth...) where we can say that it could absolutely happen, because it *did*. Having an open fire is a bottleneck of sorts, but as bottlenecks go, it's small change compared to the bottleneck of whether the oxygen is primarily stuck in crystalline form, or the bottleneck of whether a carbon-based lifeform can form to keep control of the oxygen inside vs outside; You have to start somewhere, which basically means that you need conditions where there's a significant difference between methane and ethane, dissolved in water, which in turn requires that there's no appreciable free oxygen around. Only then do you have the lego to make it to step 2, a lifeform which produces free oxygen. And that's prerequisite for land-based lifeforms, open fire and having time to look at the stars 🙂

@RectalRooter 3 ай бұрын

Aeturen I remember there being a PBS documentary -- Maybe Hunting the Elements -- Which fully explains that very question. Even with visual experiments

@pastelink6767 3 ай бұрын

You forgot about primordial black holes. Supermassive black holes are candidates for primordial black holes. Primordial black holes are not constrained in size in either direction. They are also a candidate for dark matter.

@steveschaps2178 3 ай бұрын

Fermi Paradox: The nearest intelligent extraterrestrial is 10,000 light years away. At that distance, we cannot detect their brightest lights or radio waves.

@robshaw2639 3 ай бұрын

I really liked the fire question paired with the non-scientist question. Hearing the fire question, it was something insightful that I never considered, but seems so obvious once you hear it...

@leonmusk1040 3 ай бұрын

Yeah a lot of volcanic vents and and chemical ways to make metals thinking that only path forward is fire is a bit limited. We have to remember to not anthropomorphise the evolutionary process squids wouldn't have to get too much smarter to give us a run for the money and things like manganese balls could become a source of reaction fuel we just haven't learnt to exploit the ocean but one of our biggest tech solutions will be nodule mining it basically lets nature do you're refining for you.

@Locut0s 3 ай бұрын

@Fraser it's really nice to hear you mention about how you used to feel that writing a 300 word essay was exhausting and thinking "how do you do this?". Because I think this kind of emotional hurdle is at the heart of almost every single personal accomplishment and endeavour. It always seems impossible and the road to the goal to convoluted etc until you start doing it. I have this experience with workouts, running and hiking which are some of my favourite things but it never used to be thigs way. I was pretty out of shape most of my life.

@RectalRooter 3 ай бұрын

Vulcan Start by emailing / talking to your local community college, then move higher to a university college. Remember -- it's human nature to be involved in new or novel discoveries. Most likely they will help move up the food chain.

@jimswanson643 3 ай бұрын

thanks for hyping up Ad Astra, i just stumbled on her channel a few weeks ago and i have been impressed by her knowledge of the stories on her channel.

@mick_hyde 3 ай бұрын

That first question is THE question. [Andoria] 👏👏👏

@bluesteel8376 3 ай бұрын

Create samples for astronauts to pick up would be silly. Just have the astronauts take their own samples. Humans will be on the moon within a few years so no need to go over board with a super expensive rover that would hardly get anything done compared to what humans could do in a few days.

@RectalRooter 3 ай бұрын

Inline with Andoria I think a lot of the launch weight is used up to safely make blasting nuclear material into space. I wonder if there is plutonium on the moon letting more weight be the probe.

@kolbyking2315 3 ай бұрын

Returning anything from Mars requires a ~5.5x bigger rocket than from the Moon. Not comparable in terms of difficulty. It's been done 4 times, most recently by Chang'e in 2020.

@Rattus-Norvegicus 3 ай бұрын

@@bluesteel8376It isn't silly, it'd be cheaper and safer. It'd also free up valuable time for the astronauts to deploy/perform other experiments.

@Smo1k 3 ай бұрын

@@bluesteel8376 As the answer showed, a comparable mission is in the works. Are you seriously calling NASA silly? The question has merit, if you don't tight-beam focus on the sample-return part, but think about the "Where to land our astronauts to look at the interesting brink between different zones, rather than in the middle of a dust bowl" side of things.

@badnewswade 3 ай бұрын

I've got one for you! Could the supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies be the primordial black holes or topological defects from the early universe we've been looking for all this time? How else could they have formed?

@deepfriedwater7650 3 ай бұрын

Yes! thats a current theory, in the early universe (when everything cooled enough to form atoms) there wasnt perfect homogeneity and because of that particularly dense areas would have massive stars forming that are large enough that they could form black blackholes at the core feeding off the star while the star was still growing off the surrounding area which explains the massive gap in backhole size aswell as the supermassive black holes themseves

@TheJimtanker 3 ай бұрын

The Moon should be THE priority right now. Colonizing the Moon must come before colonizing Mars. We need to build the infrastructure and develop the methods to be used in other places in the Solar System on the Moon.

@tonywells6990 3 ай бұрын

Elon has his own Mars thing going. Mars is important if we want to find out if life existed on another planet, so sending real people out there is important.

@TheJimtanker 3 ай бұрын

@@tonywells6990 We can send people to Mars after we learn how to live off of Earth and develop the technologies we need.

@tonywells6990 3 ай бұрын

We can send people to Mars, yes.@@TheJimtanker

@BabyMakR 3 ай бұрын

Agreed. Not to mention the fact that it is far easier, cheaper and safer to send cargo to Mars from the Moon than it is from Earth.

@tonywells6990 3 ай бұрын

@@BabyMakR Nobody has ever maintained, fuelled and launched a rocket from the Moon to anywhere.

@michaelgian2649 3 ай бұрын

Vulcan Addresses a pet peeve of mine. Hope this message finds its target audience.

@kolbyking2315 3 ай бұрын

Chang'e 4 is a rtg-warmed, solar-powered lander and rover pair that have been operating on the far side of the moon for the last 5 years. Pretty Perseverance-like imo.

@12pentaborane 3 ай бұрын

Wow it's still operating? I know both Lunokhods used radioistopic heaters for substantial longevity. I'm a little surprised countries like India and Japan didn't include them on their probes.

@TheTamriel 3 ай бұрын

IMO Yutu-2 is heated by an RHU since RTGs convert heat into electricity

@saeedafyouni619 3 ай бұрын

Risa respect to Fraser for reading out the Arabic name loved the episode Thank Universe Today and Fraser

@leonmusk1040 3 ай бұрын

Yeah I oft get a little frustrated at the lack of western understanding of the great golden age of the Arabic nations. It's just a shame to see the west falling into the same problems of education golden age easy life no ambition for education. Followed by rampant rise of right wing religious groups to fill the education vacuum and collapse of the golden age.

@11000038 3 ай бұрын

Some great questions and even greater answers. Thank you!

@minorityofthought1306 3 ай бұрын

Now I know what t to do with all my data on mitigating the affects of gravity. It mostly consists of data related to laying flat in soft pillows for long periods. Now I can be recognized for my hard work! ;)

@dellaroccia 3 ай бұрын

On the subject of the "habitable zone": Rigel has 46000 times the luminosity of the sun. A planet would therefore have to orbit Rigel at a distance of 214 AU (AU = distance Earth-Sun) in order to receive the same energy as the Earth. This corresponds to approximately 4 times the distance of the Kuiper belt.

@erkinalp 3 ай бұрын

yeah I too realised Fraser based his calculations off of visible light only, which is misleading

@marumiyuhime 2 ай бұрын

but much of that engergy would be delivered in hard uv sterilizing everything

@erkinalp 2 ай бұрын

@@marumiyuhimefluorescent atmosphere + purple plants that use green light can alleviate that

@marumiyuhime 2 ай бұрын

@@erkinalpbuddy no it can not i guess you dont know the power of uv c it kills everything as it is ionizing radiation it would just ionize what ever chlorophyll analogue that would be there. absorbance is not the solution with uv c reflection is. have you ever worked with uv c i have

@marumiyuhime 2 ай бұрын

@@erkinalpnot going to happen thats more scifi than cybremen

@h2o40fpv 3 ай бұрын

Great video like always thank you.

@garyswift9347 3 ай бұрын

Thanks again. Your content is always great.

@dickyvee 3 ай бұрын

The videos are getting longer and I love it!

@ThatBoomerDude56 3 ай бұрын

Already subscribed to Ad Astra's channel last week. 😀😎

@cheset 3 ай бұрын

Love your videos Fraser! Thank you!

@alan2here 3 ай бұрын

Zoning: Maybe we need a zone that starts at some specific altitude (a little above the ISS), and extends out to just below geostationary orbit, where the rules on craft are more restrictive. In time with more space infrastructure maybe we can do some tidying of the largest bits of junk within that zone as well.

@fkaMilo 3 ай бұрын

I really enjoyed this episode !

@MistSoalar 3 ай бұрын

Risa: planetary, thermal habitable zone questions are always my ❤❤

@leafflowerbud4345 3 ай бұрын

Great episode. Good stuff.

@cavetroll666 3 ай бұрын

thanks for the content cheers from Toronto.

@douglaswilkinson5700 3 ай бұрын

Fraser, Rigel's bolometric luminosity is 120,000 times the luminosity of our Sun.* I doubt that its Goldilocks Zone is just a few AU. * "The Astrophysical Journal". 747 (1) pgs 108-115.

@idvarhurd 3 ай бұрын

Belos: exploring Space helps us understanding how our planet works and we use that knowledge to better preserve it. many of NASA's inventions were later introduced into civil-use products. It's not or-or, those things work together.

@irwanshahabdullah9663 3 ай бұрын

In shipping, vessels are kept apart using traffic separation schemes. This can be found in narrow navigable waters such as the Straits of Malacca. Even on the High Seas, the Collisions Regulations dictates how a ship should be navigated. Sooner or later, space will need a similar set of rules. Love the channel. Keep up the good work.

@robhenderson490 3 ай бұрын

Aeturen: Gonna try to tune in to Mondays Q&A - I'm in the UK.

@jonathanbare7093 3 ай бұрын

The moon is tidle locked to the earth and moving away from the earth a small amount every year. Could we put a thrust generator on the moon's equater to increase or decrease its orbital velocity and change or stabilize it's orbital distance, allowing us to manipulate tides, plate tectonics, weather or climate?

@thabzmad7265 3 ай бұрын

The idea vastly overestimates our capabilities, its hard enough to launch something the size of a medium car and the moon is a gizillion times more massive. While there are ways to tractor (using smaller bodies to slowly affect gravitational pulls) heavenly bodies and manipulate orbits, the effort is still astronomical in ernegy and time requirement (multi generational) as to be not worth it in my uneducated opinion.

@user-ei6tt6er1p 3 ай бұрын

Moon moves about an inch a year.

@agentdarkboote 3 ай бұрын

Does the habitable zone calculation take into account the presence or absence of the greenhouse effect, ie account for different kinds of atmospheres?

@JAGzilla-ur3lh 3 ай бұрын

Andoria was the most interesting topic and gets my vote. An honorable mention goes to Vulcan for your thorough, honest answer. Also, will you people please do your dishes so Frasier will let us climb Mt. Everest?😢

@gregzsidisin 3 ай бұрын

Why not a Perseverance rover on the moon? Cost. A lunar version might be cheaper than the Mars version, but still very expensive. And as said, the suite of experiments would be very different, since the questions are very different. I think a version of the Skycrane delivery system should be considered. But now that NASA has farmed out lunar delivery systems, it would be for a private company to propose and advocate for that. It's a pity to me that there isn't a plan to do much more to land many small instruments over multiple lunar regions. Obviously the poles are of particular interest, but there's so much more to learn.

@georgeteppitt-jg2mj 2 ай бұрын

Thanks!

@leonmusk1040 3 ай бұрын

I'm surprised thin film and topology haven't seemed to hit rtg tech yet to any big degree any ideas on hold up's?

@trevinom69 3 ай бұрын

Could you set up a satellite on an orbit that allows it to collect sunlight with solar panels and use a laser to send power to a rover on the 'dark' side? You should be able to use a tracking system to maintain the laser on the probe's collector plates.

@BabyMakR 3 ай бұрын

Mirrors would probably be easier. Fewer energy conversions plus, any light that doesn't hit the rover would light up the ground for cameras to do science with.

@trenttan3779 3 ай бұрын

Hi Fraser. 1) When is solar maximum for the current cycle and what are the chances of getting something like the Carrington event? And would it be dangerous to be in a plane? 2) Would launching powerful magnets into space help collect space junks, or would they just contribute to the junks?

@Nolan1410 3 ай бұрын

Could blue super giants have other stars in stable orbits similar to planets?

@ReinReads 3 ай бұрын

Blue giants have been observed as parts of binary and 3+ multiple star systems. Latest estimate is 85% of stars are part of multi-star systems. Due the the short lifespan of the blue giant primary the other stars would be ejected when the the primary goes nova.

@BabyMakR 3 ай бұрын

@@ReinReads I always wondered if a supernova would have enough energy to eject a partner star. I thought that the fact that there are main sequence stars in orbit of neutron stars and black holes, that maybe they weren't thrown out.

@filonin2 3 ай бұрын

@@BabyMakR It's not the fact that there is a supernova, the issue is that the mass of the star they were orbiting spread out in every direction so they can't orbit it anymore and so they fly off in a straight line, exactly like a string breaking on a weight swung around your head.

@Etopirynka 3 ай бұрын

Question. When did first black holes form? Do we know that? Is it possible that in the opaque stage of the big bang there were conditions that made smbh possible? Or do we know that at first there were only stars?

@denniscastillo478 3 ай бұрын

Blowing my mind,hope to see Antarctica video and we're so exited

@jblob5764 3 ай бұрын

Auturen- definitely got my interest

@rafeller9057 3 ай бұрын

Listening to you something occurred that I haven't heard before which is what if all the different galaxies are in a slightly different dimension of which we can't see the entire spectrum?

@bjornfeuerbacher5514 3 ай бұрын

And what is "being in a slightly different dimension" actually supposed to mean? A "different dimension" implies that you think that we live in _one_ dimension, and the galaxies are in another one? Then already your premise is wrong - we do _not_ live in one dimension, we live in a fourdimensional spacetime. I think you have a misunderstanding of what the word "dimension" actually means.

@TheTamriel 3 ай бұрын

NASA's halt of Moon rover exploration on April 27, 2018 may have been due to a budget allocation shift. Moon and Mars are very different environments. *A rover designed to operate on Mars just can't operate on the surface of the Moon.*

@frasercain 3 ай бұрын

Yeah, it would be a very different river, but an RTG would be a welcome addition.

@kiwicanable 3 ай бұрын

[Belos] great analogy 😂 Instead of chasing down Oumuamua, can we visit objects identified by Gaia orbiting on a different plane than the planets, suggesting the objects are captured interstellar items of interest which aren’t running away?

@PongoXBongo 3 ай бұрын

Could the Moon's gravity support a small sat constellation? Like a Lunar extension of StarLink? A key addition to a lunar colony would be 24/7 realtime communication with Earth.

@bbartky 3 ай бұрын

I know the Chinese launched a small relay satellite to communicate with their lander and rover on the Moon’s far side. So, yea, I think eventually we will have some sort of communication satellite system around the Moon.

@leonmusk1040 3 ай бұрын

There's actually a peanut shaped orbital that would work really well the moon had a little friend that shared us and it for a while@@bbartky

@crowlsyong 3 ай бұрын

18:55 Matt O’Dowd!! I love this guy, he is a great person for PBS Spacetime.

@crowlsyong 3 ай бұрын

23:15 and you are familiar with Rational Animations?! My man!! Love that channel too.

@ELFinchy 3 ай бұрын

Hey Fraser, Have a question for you. Is there anyone tracking any possible asteroid strikes with the moon? This would be a cool spectacle to view from the Earth?

@serg3y 3 ай бұрын

@frasercain, Question: Does the "Mediocrity principle" apply to time, suggesting we likely exist during an average period in history, and if so, does this imply that far past and far *future* Earth and Universe are less likely to support life?

@ekaa.3189 3 ай бұрын

On life being all over: "Life finds a way." is the saying I use. Wherever there is energy to be exploited, life finds a way to use it to perpetuate it's self.

@ElitePhotobox 3 ай бұрын

Scott Manley learned every thing he knows about Rockets 🚀 from Kerbal Space Program

@RectalRooter 3 ай бұрын

Has Earth ever been a StarTrek planet name ?

@BabyMakR 3 ай бұрын

That's a good question.

@danw331 3 ай бұрын

I have several points: 1. You are the Brian Cox of America 2. I can't tell you how many long shifts, sleepless nights you've got me through 3. Hearing all this makes me realise how dumb I actually am 😂 good job someone else can explain it to me in layman's terms.

@frasercain 3 ай бұрын

Hah, I appreciate that. Of course, I'm not American, so that title is still up for grabs. :-)

@danw331 3 ай бұрын

@@frasercain nah you can still have it! Brian Cox of the world!

@leonmusk1040 3 ай бұрын

love it that's why you're the best American presenter 🤣@@frasercain

@JeffTheisen 3 ай бұрын

"There isn't really any specialized knowledge that a university could teach you, that you couldn't pick up just doing the work" You just described 90% of all jobs out there that require a degree from a university.

@leonmusk1040 3 ай бұрын

More as there are participation awards like religious degrees ffs lmao

@bbbf09 3 ай бұрын

Being able to free up oxygen from rocks via some technologial industrial process - and thereby access fire/combustion - presupposes you have technology/ industrial processes in the first place. Which is difficult (impossible?) to ever achieve without having free access to fire initially .....which I think that was the point. Catch 22.

@leonmusk1040 3 ай бұрын

chemical fires burn water or under it so meh might make the initial intellectual jumping off point much higher but that just means it'd catch up quicker down the back straight

@zbyseklegindi5017 3 ай бұрын

Hi, I have a Question. In Our solar system suppose to be a asteroid so heavy, that it can not be from material which is in periodic table. Why wei didnt send the probe there yet? Is nasa thinking about to check it out?

@frasercain 3 ай бұрын

It's a pretty controversial result. More research will be necessary before it becomes a target.

@fisheye42 3 ай бұрын

18:46 … I think Scott Manley would say he’d do ellipses around you, not circles. 😅

@michaelgian2649 3 ай бұрын

25:10 28k MPH collision speed may be an exceptionally high estimate. Open question for the audience: describe the maths needed to derive the actual collision speed of two objects in intersecting orbits. My initial preference is to use the frame of reference of one, but this may not be the most elegant approach. I suppose (at the beginning) that most orbits are prograde and basically circular, but at various inclinations and/or right ascension. Next step is to look at increasingly elliptical orbits of one or both. Keep in mind an engram of a sci-fi story (I may be remembering from my youth) where a kinetic shotgun styled weapon is spread retrograde into coincident orbits to remove a superior enemy's satellite system. I think that one used a translunar orbit with appropriate perigee slowing thrust during the deployment. Not a comfortable thought considering its relatively simplicity.

@carsongent8420 3 ай бұрын

@frasercain Question: Hi Fraser, I have seen an idea to launch a StarShip as a visible wavelength space telescope, about the size of a VLT telescope from the ESA. The VLT has 4 large telescopes which can be combined together. What if 4 StarShip telescopes were launched into space with fold out mirrors like JWST and a fifth one was used in the middle to combine the beams together (interferometry). I have concerns about thermal expansion of the arms. Hopefully the center StarShip could be used as an area were they put all the cool instruments, hopefully upgradable. Just trying to get the idea out there. I will let other people come up with the design, specifications and the check.

@yghhhhrffv 3 ай бұрын

Say we find water underneath the ice of one of Jupiter’s moons- can we just drink them as is or is it different than water on earth?

@RectalRooter 3 ай бұрын

I don't know Coming up with new inventions to answer that question helps us evolve are science and technology

@bluesteel8376 3 ай бұрын

It would be like drinking out of the oceans on Earth. The water would most definitely not be fresh. It would contains salts and other stuff.

@battragon 3 ай бұрын

Water is water.

@PongoXBongo 3 ай бұрын

@@bluesteel8376Indeed. It would also likely contain alien organisms like bacteria and parasites that might be toxic to humans. Forget space sharks, the space legionella will get us first.

@BabyMakR 3 ай бұрын

@@battragon Go on then. Go down to the nearest ocean and drink.

@danoberste8146 3 ай бұрын

How about if lunar robots scooped up warm regolith while the sun shines to use as thermal mass during the dark periods? Thermal mass is expensive to bring along from earth, but mass collected warm on the moon can be gathered and dumped as needed. (ANDORIA section)

@ChrisNZ2 3 ай бұрын

Did Fraser just suggest 'One Ring to Rule Them All' ? (To keep satellites safe)

@RectalRooter 3 ай бұрын

lol Yeah and we doo soooo well with keeping trains from crashing into each other Public Space metro lol

@ReggieArford 3 ай бұрын

For the RTGed Lunar rover, you could find a /good/ landing spot, then drive it (manually, and quickly) to the lunar pole. BTW, why the South pole? Wouldn't the North pole have similar cold sinks and ice deposits? Could there be better landing spots up there?

@shanent5793 3 ай бұрын

The North pole probably does have better (read: easier) landing spots. If you look up the pictures of the lunar poles you'll see how boring it is up there. The shadowed area of the South pole looks at least a hundred times bigger

@RectalRooter 3 ай бұрын

Lunar drag racing -- I love it 😀

@tomv5782 3 ай бұрын

With journalism under attack around the world, it is a vital field to keep alive. But seems like there are things about it that go beyond love of topic and practice practice practice. Ethics, sources, stuff like that. Maybe university isn't required, but in some way the best practices and integrity need to be preserved.

@Smo1k 3 ай бұрын

Regarding question 2, how to get my stuff looked at by the scientific community: Write the most clear-cut 2-3 pages paper you can on your subject and go to the person(s) who taught you science, and ask them to take a look. If they were your teacher at one point, they are the most likely to afford you the time once more. And the most likely to point you where to go from where you are.

@GIRGHGH 3 ай бұрын

On the topic of surfaces of planets, the way you described it is kinda confusing. By the method you used to describe it, Venus wouldn't have a surface, as it's "cloud tops that gets hotter as you go down" but I feel like most would describe Venus has having a surface.

@notgreg123 3 ай бұрын

I like to think of it as a gas dwarf lol

@ReinReads 3 ай бұрын

Venus has a rocky surface that is independent of the atmosphere that is above it. If the atmosphere was stripped away it would be something like Mercury or the moon. If you were to strip away the atmosphere of a gas giant then whatever is below that would become a new atmosphere because the pressure above it, creating the phase change, would be removed.

@Hobbes746 3 ай бұрын

What? No mention of the Lunokhod rovers, which used a combination of solar cells and radioisotope heater units to operate on the moon for 10 and 4 months?

@sidharthcs2110 3 ай бұрын

USSR did that back in the day with Lunakhod rovers. A radioactive heat source for warming the electronics, but the rover is solar powered

@CeresKLee 3 ай бұрын

Offtopic! I discover this neatest thing with Stellarium. The April 8th social eclipse will expose Jupiter, Venus, Saturn and Mars all in the noontime darkness and all greater that First Magnitude. WOW!!! May the clouds be gone at that magic time. Back on topic, I vote for Aeturen!

@CeresKLee 3 ай бұрын

Mercury will there too - but Fourth Magnitude and that never visible in Austin.

@chrismullin9437 3 ай бұрын

Relative to Janus, I don't think we have three dimensiomns to work in. We just have two. Satellites circle the Earth, so an orbit at one altitrude crosses every other orbit at that altitude. we can put lots of satelliters in that orbit following each other, but other orbits either have to coordinate with other satellites to pass through gaps in their orbit, or else they will collide.

@frasercain 3 ай бұрын

Airplanes don't crash into trains or submarines. That's sort of like different orbits.

@lovepeaceandrespect8808 3 ай бұрын

fraser is would be cool if u talked about comets like swift tuttle, or siruis b, end of the world stuff, it's fascinating, and fun.

@frasercain 3 ай бұрын

Can you put that in the form of a question? 😀

@esmeralddedushaj3598 3 ай бұрын

Hi Fraser. Can we detect Population III stars with James Webb Space Telescope.

@tonywells6990 3 ай бұрын

[Cait] Stellar mass black hole merger theory is the only one we have evidence for, but that seems to be changing quickly and direct collapse will probably be the most likely way supermassive black holes formed since jumping from >1000 solar masses to a million solar masses is much quicker than the much slower process of thousands of

@michaelpettersson4919 3 ай бұрын

So what is needed to design some cold resistant batteries.

@Nolan1410 3 ай бұрын

Could influencing the atmosphere, like how the sun does during solar storms, could that be a method of space junk cleanup?

@Shaden0040 3 ай бұрын

do black holes don't only eat or consume or intake matter and energy but space time fabric as well which would account for expansion to the universe as well as the contraction of the universe so that everything looks like it's moving away from us is that actual space time is pulling in towards our central black hole in the galaxy sagittarius a star. Or? is this possible That's also what accounts for the quote Unquote dark matter and quote Unquote Dark Energy in the universe? Is it possible that it all comes down to black holes. or?

@KOZMOuvBORG 3 ай бұрын

11:42 outer limit of Rigel's habitable zone is nearly as far as Jupiter.

@Slikx666 3 ай бұрын

A question. If there's a star with enough resources orbiting it to create a Dyson sphere that is fully enclosed, where does everything emitted from the sun go? Heat can be dumped outside the sphere, but there's all the gasses etc, would an atmosphere be created on the inside?

@BabyMakR 3 ай бұрын

Collected and used as fuel for interstellar missions? Maybe collected and ejected out of a port somewhere to move the star?

@ThanosSustainable 3 ай бұрын

You’ve mentioned on todays episode that the biggest star we know of is around 150 times the mass of the sun. I’ve seen animations that depict really huge stars, enough to engulf the whole of our solar system. And then some. Are the misleading, or are there stars out there that are indeed just 150x the mass of our Sun, but at the same time 10E9 bigger, due to (possibly) much lower density?

@shanent5793 3 ай бұрын

The density varies, more massive stars have denser cores but more tenuous atmospheres. The dense cores release more energy which pushes the atmosphere outwards. After our Sun's core runs out of hydrogen, the core will shrink and allow hydrogen in the atmosphere to start burning. When this happens our Sun will also blow up to encompass Earth's orbij

@GantryG 3 ай бұрын

Energy=life in many ways. 🤔

@MistSoalar 3 ай бұрын

If we use nuclear wastes☢ from power plants for lunar night heat source, how long can we use it?

@leonmusk1040 3 ай бұрын

Vulcan: Another reason being most people are hyper focused on their own thing. Finding fellows in the field you're looking into going to makerspaces and inventors guilds (It's a thing). It really depends on you're field of expertise as to the avenues for furthering you're research A playstations search engine is better for finding white papers and academic journals just as a cheap lookup tool when other devices let you down you may be surprised at what you find by altering the alliteration of the search some languages will change things preferentially in translation algorithms. Also a lot of back yard chemistry stateside use really old fashioned naming conventions too so that's a thing lol

@JohnBoen 3 ай бұрын

Okay - let me re-ask the same question. Because I have been thinking about this for 2 years now. Re: scientific publications. I have done a specific set of research and would like to publish the data and my thoughts on how further research could be done. How do you share research that you think others might find interesting? I have an example: I heard needles of graphite line up in a magnetic field and presumed that if the solvent dried while the particles were in alignment they would draw together and be highly conductive. Turns out this is true. In fact, if you make a paper supercapacitor out of this it will work much better. I spent about 3 weeks with a defocused CO2 laser and magnet rig trying to draw conductive lines on paper with thin conductive alcohol ink mixtures. I tried it with several different products and varying titrations of each. I measured resistance and capacitance of samples made with varying patterns of traces along alcohol soaked strips of paper... I have not seen any research on the diamagnetic positioning of graphite in fast-drying solvents - or the hundred other phrases I have sent to Google Scholar. This sort of thing could scale into a process that makes paper supercapacitors with a very low ESR. On the other hand, maybe people already use it... I would like to publish this, but I have no idea how.

@frasercain 3 ай бұрын

My advice is still largely the same. If you've got a prototype that actually works, I guess you could make a KZfaq video explaining it?

@zapfanzapfan 3 ай бұрын

Patent it? Or at least search what other patents there already are?

@JohnBoen 3 ай бұрын

@frasercain Now that I am thinking... * I have a 1990 degree in materials science, and I could probably contact the MS&E department to see if anyone is doing similar work or could recommend a way forward. * I bought one of the conductive inks from Robert Murray Smith - another KZfaqr. He does science; I should send it to him. Thank you. You made me actually think about it.

@frasercain 3 ай бұрын

Yeah, if you're not part of an existing university, research institute, etc, you won't able to directly publish a journal. But if you can collaborate with someone who is, then you can use their credientials and reputation to open the door. Since their reputation depends on the quality of the science you do together, expect them to be extremely skeptical. But a practical demonstration is pretty damn convincing.

@JohnBoen 3 ай бұрын

@frasercain I don't think anybody needs a demonstration of an effect anyone could do if they just had paper, graphite ink, and a magnet. It just isn't a valuable thing... I can make parallel fragile carbon lines on a sheet of paper. A lot of my ideas are like this - interesting, but not valuable. Most of my experiments fail, but I still learn something. There should be a way - but everything I can think of seems like a lot of work.

@ch94086 3 ай бұрын

Betazed: A Kardashev Civilization looks at energy impacting a planet, but what about energy from within the planet? It's a question for another episode How does solar energy impacting our planet compare to geothermal + fission + fusion inherent in our planet? Suppose we develop technology to extract fusion energy from all elements up to the limit? Could we exceed a Dyson sphere? I haven't done the numbers so seems like an intriguing question.

@leonmusk1040 3 ай бұрын

Kardishev 1 implies utilising all of the power of a planet that includes geothermal chemical and nuclear so we're about 0.00000001 on the kardashev scale if that

@proayeshafatima 3 ай бұрын

Your content is so informative. Love from Pakistan 🇵🇰

@aaroneagle5557 2 ай бұрын

Thanks so much for the show, big fan from New zealand. I saw a strange light flash in night sky. I'm a firm believer there is lide out there in universe, im not so sure we have had visits by aliens, is there not some way of picking up space craft coming into earth's atmosphere, thanks.

@Mobius3c273 3 ай бұрын

QUESTION - Could relativity effects of curve spacetime ie length contraction and time dilation of spacetime produce a electrostatic charged energy field around celestrial bodies? In other words if we assume flat space is neutrally charged then curved space would I presume produces an increase of charge carriers towards a particular mass. I wonder if this could also produce an electrostatic field within particular layers of the atmosphere that could constitute towards aiding the production of lightning. We have Mond that doesn't work well. Perhaps we should have another look at Electromagnetism in space... I think it gets a raw deal. MEDs Modified ElectroDynamics in Space :-)

@seasonallyferal1439 3 ай бұрын

The moon seems a place where a space based solar system would be helpful. Maybe you could beam energy down to rovers during the night, or is there something I'm missing?

@frasercain 3 ай бұрын

Yup, this has been proposed. This is where beaming space power makes sense.

@Davroz451 3 ай бұрын

Is there a stable orbit where you could put a satellite permanently in the umbra of the Moon such that you could have a permanent solar eclipse, with the moon acting as a natural coronagraph?

@orpal 3 ай бұрын

What happens to asteroids when they get sucked into Jupiter's gravity well? I always imagined there would have to be a rocky core of some size at the bottom of Jupiter.

@DerpyPenguin4747 3 ай бұрын

20:00 THE BOB!

@NunoPereira. 3 ай бұрын

Would it be practically and financially a good idea to land rovers on the moon using the airbag-protected landing method like Spirit and Opportunity did on mars?

@filonin2 3 ай бұрын

The Russians already did it.

@brooklyngraham1151 3 ай бұрын

Question… I’m very worried about NASA and Spacex (and others) being satisfied with landing free standing objects, especially on the Moon and Mars. I understand the tech is there to do it successfully, most of the time and I emphasize most. (Even on level surfaces on Earth.) let’s face it, the LEM worked, even on uneven surfaces as demonstrated by Apollo 15. Why are they reinventing the wheel?

@aldentindall9688 3 ай бұрын

Question: Why does NASA not regularly reuse probe designs? Couldn’t we have more explorers if we settled for quantity over quality? We should have a new horizons at every planet by now!

@RectalRooter 3 ай бұрын

I believe NASA has done this. I cant find the info right now. -- Mariner, Pioneer, Ranger, Surveyor, Viking, and Voyager These had many probes of each. For reason I remember a deeper connection between some of them.

@bbartky 3 ай бұрын

@@RectalRooterNASA did this with the Mariner program in the ‘60s and ‘70s and with the exception of Mariner 5 and 10 built them in pairs to increase the chance of success. Mariner 1 (failed) and 2 (success): Venus flyby Mariner 3 (failed) and 4 (success): Mars flyby Mariner 5 (success): Venus flyby Mariner 6 (success) and 7 (success): Mars flybys Mariner 8 (failed) and 9 (success): Mars orbiter Mariner 10 (success): Venus flyby and three Mercury flybys In addition, the Magellan Venus orbiter used spare parts from Voyager. And there been proposals to build a pair of Cassini-like orbiters for Uranus and Neptune.

@RectalRooter 3 ай бұрын

@@bbartky Nice work. That last paragraph info gave me the problem in find the info.