Math for Game Developers: Why do we use 4x4 Matrices in 3D Graphics?

Рет қаралды 65,139

Күн бұрын

In this short lecture I want to explain why programmers use 4x4 matrices to apply 3D transformations in computer graphics.
We will learn why we need a 4x4 matrix to represent 3D transformations, including the mathematical explanation and also a geometrical intuition.
For complete courses on computer science, programming, and mathematics, visit:
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Enjoy!

Пікірлер: 165

@MuriloFernandoFloriani 3 жыл бұрын

More people should know about your lectures. Really good stuff.

@pikuma 3 жыл бұрын

Grande Murilo! :)

@calvinsoueid772 3 жыл бұрын

I've been searching for hours for a good explanation, and in 5 minutes you've already blown my mind. How is it nobody else can explain it this well?

@sircalvin 11 ай бұрын

the 2d->3d->2d shearing example genuinely made my jaw drop, i finally get it!

@DevonVanNote 3 жыл бұрын

Gustavo you saved me hours and hours of research. I'm a software developer of 4 years and applied for a Gameplay Programmer position, which doesn't require to have to made a game before but does require I understand concepts like this. Fantastic video! The ending blew my mind! Thank you!

@StarFury2 Жыл бұрын

I guess the need for 4x4 arise from our wish to only use multiplication to apply all transformations at once (transformation = coordinates ⋅ R ⋅ S ⋅ T). Because if, alternatively, we use transformation = coordinates ⋅ R ⋅ S + T , it seems we do not need an additional dimension. Simply apply RS transformation and add dx, dy, dz to position points in 3D space. But yes, very cool idea and explanation why multiplication requires higher dimension.

@andrewgraham1771 7 ай бұрын

This is how it was done on the playstation 1.

@lodgechant Ай бұрын

Yay indeed! I've only recently discovered matrices and now just stumbled onto your video: it's so clear and helpful - thank you!

@Metacious 3 жыл бұрын

I don't remember how I found Pikuma, but it is one of the best courses I've had for computer graphics. Much appreciated.

@kristianwichmann9996 3 жыл бұрын

I think it *is* the most awesome thing I've seen this week. Good stuff, Gustavo

@TheGRoques 2 жыл бұрын

The result of a shear in 3D is a translation in the 2D plane. This is a fascinating insight, and very helpful for extrapolating to 4D! :)

@adamblance3346 2 жыл бұрын

You were able to completely explain it in the first few minutes, but I'm so glad I stuck around for the rest. Thanks so much!

@dzgames725 2 жыл бұрын

Hands down the best explanation on this topic I have found so far. Thanks!

@tedsheridan8725 Жыл бұрын

Glad I watched to the end - the higher dimension shearing part made everything click. I'm working on a series of videos showing how to visualize the 4th dimension, this gives me another application to consider. Thank you!

@johneysteel525 Жыл бұрын

This one is worth sticking around until the end. The distinction between Rotation and Scale vs Translate is news to me. My favorite part is your breakdown of Sheer and how you can view any translation as a Sheer in the higher dimension that is then brought back down.

@diegodemetillo5947 6 ай бұрын

This is the best explanation I've seen so far. Thank you for using various methods of explaining the concept, especially the part where you just say that we add an extra row as a mathematical trick to achieve translation. I also love the step-by-step animation for the 2D translation on a 2D plane, where the 3rd dimension was just used for a shear transformation. This makes it easier to understand that the 4th dimension for 3D translation is more of just an "imaginary"/hidden shear transformation from our perspective as 3D beings who can't see the 4th dimension. You deserve more subs.

@HartleySan 24 күн бұрын

At first, I didn't know where you were going with the shearing, but you blew my mind there at the end. Bravo!

@marcuscazzola4005 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks! I have had such a hard time, understanding 4x4 Matrices. They were like a black box for me. But now, you put a smile on my face, because now I have a bit more understanding of the black box! I now need to look into the rotation and scaling part of the 4x4 Matrix.

@buysmartter 2 жыл бұрын

It is the coolest thing I heard this week. Thanks. After first part I finally understand it, but after second part - I will never forget it!

@toninotonnato7776 Жыл бұрын

Ok this is the coolest explanation of the 4D matrices application I ever heard. Just amazing.

@takanu 3 жыл бұрын

Beautiful explanation, it's so rare to find accessible mathematics tutorials so thank you!

@Seiffouri 10 ай бұрын

16:30 mins blown 🤯 after all these years finally I got the Ah moment! Thank you.

@tinkuzen 2 жыл бұрын

Gustavo You are amazing , I cant explain how easy you make things to understand . I have bought all the courses in Pikuma , since I am very fascinated about the way computers work and am very glad I have put my trust in the right hands . Thank you ..

@javedakhtar1435 Жыл бұрын

had been looking for something like ur channel for weeks now, ur a god sent

@benzsuankularb130 2 жыл бұрын

Wow... This guy knows how student's mind works. Every school should replace boring math classes with these visual lectures... Great job @Pikuma!

@t3hPoundcake 11 ай бұрын

This blew my mind. This is such an incredible and intuitive (even with the 4 dimensional aspect) way to interpret and think about translations in 3d space in computer graphics. I never put that together in my head before in such a clear and understandable way, I just knew "well you need a 4d matrix" and let the magic happen. This is a wonderful video.

@Bunny99s 3 ай бұрын

Right, the more you think about higher dimensional space, the more generalized you can see the lower dimensions. It's often said that in 2d space you can only rotate around point and in 3d space you rotate around an axis. Though generally speaking that's not really true. In many cases when talking about 2d rotation people imagine a rotation axis going through the point of rotation. So the try to visualize the 2d case as the 3d case. However it's only in 3d that rotations actually rotate around an axis. In reality rotations happen inside a 2d plane. This is true for all dimensions. That's why 2d space has just 1 way to rotate since there is only one 2d plane which is the whole space, you have 3 rotations in 3d space (xy, xz, yz) and why you get 6 rotations in 4d space (xy, xz, xw, yz, yw, zw). Also most understand that a 2d plane has a normal vector. Though this is also not true. In 2d space you again have to imagine 3d in order to define the normal. However in 4d space a single 2d plane requires two normal vectors or another orthogonal 2d plane in order to be defined properly. "Hyperplanes" are defined the same way in all dimensions. However a 4d hyperplane is actually a 3d volume with distance "d" and not a 2d thing. A hyperplane in 2d space would be an infinite line with distance d from the origin. Such a hyperplane is always defined by a normal vector and a distance from the origin. In 4d space having a single normal vector leaves us with a 3d space that is orthogonal to that normal. This is what homogeneous coordinates essentially represent. It's a 3d sliver of 4d space at a distance of 1 Toying around with higher dimentional spaces can tell you a lot about the trivial (1d, 2d, 3d) spaces and can change how you think about the ordinary world :)

@hericklenin 2 жыл бұрын

Indeed, this is the coolest thing I have seen this week.

@reng7777 Жыл бұрын

CLEAR,CONCISE AND PERFECTLY EXPLAINED!! GOOD WORK !!

@sdx1969 6 ай бұрын

Amazing !!. Being creative in explaining and visualizing the problem. It almost sounded like a layman terms for someone like me to finally comprehend the concept. Very grateful mate.

@sidekick3rida 2 жыл бұрын

That was a very intuitive explanation for homogeneous coordinates. Thank you!

@mrkotfw Жыл бұрын

Extremely well explained. Thank you.

@randomdudely Жыл бұрын

This IS the coolest thing I heard this week!

@wuhaipeng Жыл бұрын

Thank you once again! It's fascinating to consider that shearing in (n+1) dimensions leads to translation in n dimensions, and that they are equivalent when viewed from an n-dimensional perspective!

@spudtaters8419 5 ай бұрын

The 3d shear of a 2d shape was brilliant. Thanks.

@CuriousCyclist 9 ай бұрын

I've just discovered your channel. Great video. Thanks for taking the time to make it. You are a good teacher.

@Anskair 8 ай бұрын

It is indeed the coolest thing I've heard in a week!

@francisgagnon341 Жыл бұрын

I will get the course! Thanks for your super relevant work!

@princedeka6054 3 жыл бұрын

Damn bruh 😊 You got a new subscriber !!! This is the coolest thing i heard in this whole year

@Tupiniviking_de_osasco 2 ай бұрын

Gustavo, I'm not in the field of games or graphics, but your content is so amazing that I'll take some of your courses. Your explanation about numerical integrators was so clear, and now I saw this one about matrix transformations, wow simply amazing.

@pikuma 2 ай бұрын

Welcome to the dark side. 😅

@peterlous853 2 жыл бұрын

I can recommend the 3d computer graphics course! One of the best out there!

@bowenlin1481 6 ай бұрын

This explanation is awesome! I never thought of translation in terms of shearing on the n+1 dimension. You cannot perform 3d translation using 3d linear transformations but you can perform 3d translation using 4d linear transformations. Thanks, for the awesome video.

@dlgkor Жыл бұрын

Thank you for the explanation. I finally understood why we need 4x4 matirx. Amazing Video.

@adygombos4469 Жыл бұрын

this is one of the best videos on matrices i've ever seen

@wkxvii Жыл бұрын

Excellent video mate!! Thank you very much for that

@ethanhalprin Жыл бұрын

Great video! Very explanatory and clear.

@Indik47 6 ай бұрын

an awesome explanation. Thank you!

@kirillholt2329 Жыл бұрын

this was very clear, this vid deserves more attention

@rush5900 Жыл бұрын

Thank you very much, this will be very helpful.

@parinamais 16 күн бұрын

this is amazing, you are a great teacher!! ty

@jewcy2560 Жыл бұрын

Bro thank you so much. I spent hours trying to solve the math for this matrix-vector multiplication and then I find this video. This video allowed me to grasp the knowledge for my computer graphics class and I appreciate your time and effort in making this video. Your a life saver and just wanted to give my thanks :)

@pikuma Жыл бұрын

My pleasure

@Dr.RokiaAbdein Ай бұрын

it helped me a lot, thank you so much!

@breakdancerQ 9 ай бұрын

Very nice explanation, definitely didnt look at the from the sheering side like that!

@ExoticGeometry Жыл бұрын

Superb Explanation!

@martinmartinmartin2996 Жыл бұрын

Gustavo Pëzzi: THank you for such excellent description of 3d graphcs ! I spent some time to learn matrix manipulaton on line , to understand how and why matrices work . Your explanation then made, the math 3d graphics understandable. I marvel at the complexity of 3d graphics and I am in awe of the results the 3d games, and drawings have produced. Only dozens (hundred? ?) of very sharp , artistically talented, programmers could produce such work.

@pikuma Жыл бұрын

I find that, once we grok the fundamentals of how things work, we see beyond the magic and things start to make a lot of sense. 🙂

@acho8387 2 жыл бұрын

Nice. Very cool explanation, thanks!

@DKtruster 2 жыл бұрын

Finally understood this. Thanks for explaining

@wuhaipeng Жыл бұрын

Thank you for the clear explaination!

@mike1hav Жыл бұрын

Amazing video. Thankyou!!

@repkins Жыл бұрын

Mind-blowing! Thanks.

@tjalferes Жыл бұрын

Very cool and very good teaching style. Thank you.

@dylandang 2 жыл бұрын

that is such a good explanation! so cool

@ibrahimhefny2494 2 жыл бұрын

what’s an incredible and interesting explain!!

@jermaineallgood 7 ай бұрын

THANK YOU!!!! This was so helpful…

@ynsam Жыл бұрын

Man that was eye opening for me!!!

@blackeye2312 10 ай бұрын

subbed becuase this is the coolest thing i have seen this week :')

@davidadewoyin468 2 күн бұрын

Just an awesome explanation

@travislrogers Жыл бұрын

Excellent explanation!

@MohamedHassan-iq6rk 21 күн бұрын

COOLEST thing heard this Year ♥

@Dr.RokiaAbdein Ай бұрын

OMG this is great! thanks a bunch

@guilhermecampos8313 10 ай бұрын

Wow, the shear explanation was very good!

@namdao2672 28 күн бұрын

now it all make sense thanks to you

@emre5437 2 жыл бұрын

Thats great explanation i have ever heard thank u

@LucasAlfare 2 жыл бұрын

Amazing explanation!

@RedRaion3 3 жыл бұрын

This video deserves more credit!

@AinurEru 3 жыл бұрын

Note that already in the 2D shear illustration, the top and bottom edges of the shape is already being "translated" horizontally(!) As in, their 2 vertices move together - the edges maintains their size and shape. Right there already there's a clue: A shear applies a tanslation in a lower dimention (sub-space). Meaning, a 2D shear applies a 1D translation, to any line perpendicular to the axis being sheared. If we skew the Y axis, then any X-axis line that existed before, just slides sideways as-is (without scaling or rotating). Then, when going to 3D, skewing the Z axis applies a 2D translation to any XY plane that existed before the shear - it moves any plane sideways and/or back/front, again without any additional transformation within that plane (no scaling or rotation) - just moves as-is. Lastly the same can be envisioned to happen when skweing the W axis, applying a translation to any XYZ volume, again without any additional transformation within that volume (no scaling or rotation) - just moves as-is.

@duarteribeiro1520 2 жыл бұрын

Amazing!

@Corninthesky 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks dude, I learned some of this in my linear algebra class but this video really clarified things and solidified my knowledge :)

@Corninthesky 2 жыл бұрын

Also, is it all right if I use some screenshots from this video for a school project? I would give credit, of course.

@prabhatmishra5667 9 ай бұрын

Loved it!

@adarshramtripathi7748 4 ай бұрын

I mean it's really crystal clear explanation.

@elhalmihamza28 Жыл бұрын

it's the cooler thing in this week-end🤗

@fredbcruz 3 жыл бұрын

I love this concept of buffer dimension.

@user-wy6th3fb3k 4 ай бұрын

amazing thank you!

@catpokerlicense 8 ай бұрын

A shear in 3d is a translation in 2d. Thats such a beautiful way to think about it

@nijatshukurov9022 Жыл бұрын

This is amazing

@bmariani52 10 ай бұрын

Gustavo, Clear, concise, to the point. Impressive imaging that make the explanation intuitive. Could you add a "List of Points" for the 3D Jet. I would like to program the rotation of the Jet Points based on your explanation. Thanks. Bert Mariani

@nagesh007 11 ай бұрын

Awesome 😍

@dmytrogladkyi 2 жыл бұрын

the best video on youtube

@quronxz7910 2 жыл бұрын

Loved thissss

@KrarupJakob 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for this great explanation! 😊👍

@pikuma 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you for the support. 🙂

@orangasli2943 Жыл бұрын

@6:57 I saw in other people's video.. They implemented the coordinate system( with x,y,and z coordinate as vector or in the context of programming as object).. He multiplied a 1x4 (1 by 4 matrix for x,y,z,1) With a 4x4 (4 by 4 transformation matrix) So the output is 1x4 matrix instead of 4x1 matrix like in this video

@xaviergonzalez5828 9 ай бұрын

I'm not a game developer, but I love your videos!

@Ares9323 Жыл бұрын

The 3D shearing was mind blowing 🤯

@AmaanHasanDilawar Жыл бұрын

Yhis is what I was looking for...

@iljastepanov2627 9 ай бұрын

amazing

@atduyar 2 жыл бұрын

it's super cool.

@yolamontalvan9502 4 ай бұрын

Very good information. You forgot to mention the name of the software used to make your amazing 2D and 3D graphics. Thank you.

@Dan-qs7ki 9 ай бұрын

very good

@Lu1stron 2 ай бұрын

coolest thing I have ever heard

@FernandoNomellini 29 күн бұрын

Muito bom !

@adsurbum 6 ай бұрын

Amazing. I just finished to watch the amazon video series "essense on linear algebra" by 3Blue1Brown, and came across here to see wonderful practical application. Sheering in 4 dimensional space... mind blowing