MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION - DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

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TrevTutor

TrevTutor

9 жыл бұрын

We introduce mathematical induction with a couple basic set theory and number theory proofs.
#DiscreteMath #Mathematics #Proofs #Induction
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Hello, welcome to TheTrevTutor. I'm here to help you learn your college courses in an easy, efficient manner. If you like what you see, feel free to subscribe and follow me for updates. If you have any questions, leave them below. I try to answer as many questions as possible. If something isn't quite clear or needs more explanation, I can easily make additional videos to satisfy your need for knowledge and understanding.

Пікірлер: 316
@jonathanharris2326
@jonathanharris2326 4 жыл бұрын
How many CS students are watching these vids?
@mohamedfathy002
@mohamedfathy002 3 жыл бұрын
69 cs students XD
@filspyrospapabundus
@filspyrospapabundus 3 жыл бұрын
Brazil
@monavie9110
@monavie9110 3 жыл бұрын
@@filspyrospapabundus lol
@filspyrospapabundus
@filspyrospapabundus 3 жыл бұрын
@@monavie9110 lol
@jonathanharris2326
@jonathanharris2326 3 жыл бұрын
@Bryant Shiloh No, no one cares. Totally fucking stupid to post this on a mathematical induction lecture video.
@Fuckingcoward
@Fuckingcoward Жыл бұрын
good luck to all CS students watchin this. LET'S GET THIS DEGREE AND CLAIM THE BAG!
@atharvab.3342
@atharvab.3342 2 жыл бұрын
2:50 format 4:05 first example 8:57 first example solution 9:05 second example 12:44 second example solution
@augusteine1089
@augusteine1089 5 жыл бұрын
I swear if you were my teacher for every math course I wouldn't have to force myself to go, and I'd actually want to show up to class. I don't understand why but it's hysterical how well you teach this xD
@stovegamesgames6917
@stovegamesgames6917 4 жыл бұрын
Here is the ladder example from a textbook: "Suppose that we have an infinite ladder, as shown in Figure 1, and we want to know whether we can reach every step on this ladder.We know two things: 1. We can reach the first rung of the ladder. 2. If we can reach a particular rung of the ladder, then we can reach the next rung. Can we conclude that we can reach every rung? By (1), we know that we can reach the first rung of the ladder. Moreover, because we can reach the first rung, by (2), we can also reach the second rung; it is the next rung after the first rung. Applying (2) again, because we can reach the second rung, we can also reach the third rung. Continuing in this way, we can show that we can reach the fourth rung, the fifth rung, and so on. For example, after 100 uses of (2), we know that we can reach the 101st rung. But can we conclude that we are able to reach every rung of this infinite ladder? The answer is yes, something we can verify using an important proof technique called mathematical induction. That is, we can show that P(n) is true for every positive integer n, where P(n) is the statement that we can reach the nth rung of the ladder."
@KixSoso
@KixSoso 2 жыл бұрын
which book is this?
@vedkorla300
@vedkorla300 2 жыл бұрын
@@KixSoso Kenneth Rosen DMGT
@FelipeBalbi
@FelipeBalbi 5 жыл бұрын
6:57 should read (k(k+1) + 2(k+1))/2 which will give you (k^2 + 3k + 2)/2, then you factor that into (k+1)(k+2)/2
@yusram.6175
@yusram.6175 11 ай бұрын
where does the 2 come from in the first?
@alexisluna788
@alexisluna788 10 ай бұрын
​@yusram.6175 when dividing the (k+1) on the left side by 2 in order to get common factor. He was supposed to multiply the top as well so that k+1 stayed the same value
@zheite5154
@zheite5154 5 ай бұрын
Thanks, was doubting myself at first lol
@countbrackmoor
@countbrackmoor 6 жыл бұрын
I got stuck on something pretty stupid here: I saw ((k+1)[(k+1)+1]) simplify into ((k+1)[k+2]) and couldn't understand why, because for some reason I was reading the [(k+1)+1] part as [(k+1)1]. I know it's stupid, but because it's not factoring: [(k+1)+1] = (k+1+1) = (k+2). Not sure if anyone got stuck on this same thing, but there you go.
@arhamkhawar4240
@arhamkhawar4240 5 жыл бұрын
Thanks, this really helped.
@ridovercascade4551
@ridovercascade4551 4 жыл бұрын
Everyone goes through this pain to get the success. But indeed the only success is the meeting with the Almighty God. We are never going to return to this world.
@UnfinishedYara
@UnfinishedYara 4 жыл бұрын
We've all been there man lol
@mamunrashid9577
@mamunrashid9577 4 жыл бұрын
@@ridovercascade4551 U r funny
@ridovercascade4551
@ridovercascade4551 4 жыл бұрын
I can do nothing about the truth brother, maybe next year, maybe next month, maybe tomorrow, maybe in 2 hours maybe now in 10 seconds? We die once, make sure you die as a man, and have a great life in both of the worlds.
@LOORTIX
@LOORTIX 8 жыл бұрын
Million thanks and virtual hugs! Your videos saved me from my dicrete mathematics couse in Spanish (my native language Finnish) which I'm taking in my exchange year in Peru;) I would have failed it for sure without your help. Thanks thanks thanks. Keep up the good work!
@ultrastudy8224
@ultrastudy8224 7 жыл бұрын
I took discrete math years ago and this video helped sooo much! You are the man!
@dayrontabares4757
@dayrontabares4757 4 жыл бұрын
In step 3 I found it easier to factor out a k+1 in the left side, which leaves you with (k+1) * (k/2) + 1 Then it is convenient to convert 1 = 2/2, when you simplify (k+1) * (k/2 + 2/2) you get (k+1) * (k + 2)/2 ..... and that is exactly the same as the right side of the equality. Hope I could help at least one poor soul taking this course XD good luck :)
@Johnathanaa7
@Johnathanaa7 8 жыл бұрын
Love your videos thank you so much.. I took a mandatory intro discrete course for CS... We covered video 1-28 in two weeks. Were on the third week and started graph theory and i'm so behind. Thanks so much for the informative videos, they're the only thing keeping me alive. (7 week courses)
@glennredwine289
@glennredwine289 3 жыл бұрын
You guys are so.lucky that you have this KZfaq now. When I first encountered this stuff 30+ years ago I had nothing, nothing. And our textbook Elementary Number Theory by Burton was very little help. Still pretty "greek" though.
@xeon39688
@xeon39688 2 жыл бұрын
@@glennredwine289 true
@user-ti7me6yv7w
@user-ti7me6yv7w 2 жыл бұрын
I feel that's the way people really want to teach you to learn. My teacher always ignore most of the explanation and assume student knows it from the start, and start all of his proofs.
@joelbny
@joelbny 8 жыл бұрын
Thanks. Watching the previous videos in this series along with Hammack's Book of Proof sets the stage for intuitively understanding Proof by Induction. MIT's OCW Math for CS on the other hand jumped into it with very little background and so was far less clear.
@scottwitoff8932
@scottwitoff8932 3 жыл бұрын
This guy needs to be inducted into the hall of fame for math instructors
@ColdFuse96
@ColdFuse96 Жыл бұрын
5:25 Sorry, I got a little lost at where (K+2) came from. At this stage, on the right side of the equation (K(K+1)), is it that both K's are replaced with K+1, making it so that its (K+1)((K+1)+1) = (K+1)(K+2)?
@bearboyjd5394
@bearboyjd5394 5 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for this, my teacher is a joke and this video just saved me about 3 hours of headaches.
@kennu3988
@kennu3988 2 жыл бұрын
I think I wanna marry you no homo that ladder analogy was godly. Our prof only splatters examples to us and never really explained anything about the logic behind the induction solution (the proving of k+1) this has taught me more than our 90 minute session. Godspeed to you trev.
@PsXboxGamerTrollPro
@PsXboxGamerTrollPro 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you, video was really helpful and everything was explained really clearly!
@joseg5287
@joseg5287 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you. I am studying for my cset, this helped out alot.
@garveziukas
@garveziukas 6 жыл бұрын
You better explain the subject in first 2 minutes than my discrete math professor does in 2 x 1,5h lectures
@ghadaalmousa8505
@ghadaalmousa8505 6 жыл бұрын
I totally understand NOTHING !! i hate this chapter...
@socratears
@socratears 5 жыл бұрын
i feels u bro
@RoganPlant
@RoganPlant 5 жыл бұрын
same
@fsx99
@fsx99 5 жыл бұрын
:(
@MDArif-xy5cc
@MDArif-xy5cc 4 жыл бұрын
but it is really easy when you understand clear concept
@user-qc5jw1xy5l
@user-qc5jw1xy5l 4 жыл бұрын
@@MDArif-xy5cc stfu
@vortrusofficial8034
@vortrusofficial8034 5 жыл бұрын
Thank you! Thank you SO MUCH!
@itumelenghuma1959
@itumelenghuma1959 7 жыл бұрын
This is a very good video. Thank you.
@MaceOjala
@MaceOjala 8 жыл бұрын
I've never heard induction explained like this, thanks.
@MaceOjala
@MaceOjala 8 жыл бұрын
I'm watching though the course on discrete maths, and really appreciate you for producing it and making it available. Thank you. Makes me wonder what the hell was I doing when this was teached at elementary and highschool, since I have no memories from there but all of this makes so much sense now
@Trevtutor
@Trevtutor 8 жыл бұрын
+Mace Ojala Sometimes it just takes a different style of teaching to help. Glad you're enjoying it.
@MaceOjala
@MaceOjala 8 жыл бұрын
That's right. Plus >20 years of time and life experience in other areas makes a difference too, I bet.
@jumaelahmed9995
@jumaelahmed9995 2 жыл бұрын
@@TrevtutorEnjoying!
@lexxless831
@lexxless831 5 жыл бұрын
thank you so much for this video. studying for finals I was struggling on proving summations via mathematical induction, and I had no idea how to find what it is that I was trying to prove, since our professor seemed to skim over the inductive hypothesis portion, and this video greatly helped. so thank you for this, keep it up.
@amorfati4559
@amorfati4559 4 жыл бұрын
Thanks a lot man. That really helped me out.
@idkaname1539
@idkaname1539 Жыл бұрын
I'm taking a math class in highschool as a junior and this is one topic that is difficult for me😭 the way my teacher explained it wasn't the best thank you!
@sarvinozpardaeva3168
@sarvinozpardaeva3168 4 жыл бұрын
Thank you very much. I really love your videos. You are the best)))
@SomeGuy5009
@SomeGuy5009 3 ай бұрын
I think this finally made the principle click for me. Also thank you for addressing the circular reasoning argument. That's something I always struggled with.
@kurokatana101
@kurokatana101 7 жыл бұрын
I might survive discrete math yet thanks to you!
@mouadrimwind8839
@mouadrimwind8839 4 жыл бұрын
did you survive ? asking for a friend xD
@rishanaaishath8211
@rishanaaishath8211 3 жыл бұрын
@@mouadrimwind8839 did you survive? Asking for my grandma
@mouadrimwind8839
@mouadrimwind8839 3 жыл бұрын
@@rishanaaishath8211 passed with C+ Lowest grade in my transcript so far but I did pass ouff
@glennredwine289
@glennredwine289 3 жыл бұрын
@@mouadrimwind8839 JUST SO MUCH GARBAGE!!
@centralpalace2314
@centralpalace2314 3 жыл бұрын
i did not survive, failing an exam as we speak
@h_githma
@h_githma 2 жыл бұрын
Your videos are the best! Watching this b4 exams tomorrow
@Samastano
@Samastano 4 жыл бұрын
That's the most important part. Is for something to hold forever... *cries in math*
@kristinetagnipez317
@kristinetagnipez317 5 жыл бұрын
thank u very much!!! wish me luck on my exams 😊😊
@obaapakusi4844
@obaapakusi4844 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you.Your videos are the best
@svampyr7964
@svampyr7964 6 жыл бұрын
I have a problem here prof n^4 < 4^n, for n> 4, would you help me with this one?
@LIAQATALI-cf1gg
@LIAQATALI-cf1gg 6 жыл бұрын
Good work. Thanks
@goodmusic284
@goodmusic284 7 жыл бұрын
Thank you!
@nathanielohiare5717
@nathanielohiare5717 2 жыл бұрын
Hello, thanks for the lesson. From the first example, where you initially made a mistake. I did not catch your explanation on where the 2 you later added came from. Thanks
@ZuestTV
@ZuestTV 9 жыл бұрын
simply amazing keep on the great work!!!
@gideonadzasu5109
@gideonadzasu5109 3 жыл бұрын
how did you get the (k+2) in the second step ???
@abdulmalikjahar-al-buhairi9754
@abdulmalikjahar-al-buhairi9754 5 жыл бұрын
Hmm weird we never do it with n
@oldtvnewguy2727
@oldtvnewguy2727 4 жыл бұрын
thanks for the help
@miriamDev
@miriamDev 4 жыл бұрын
I have so many of them 1) how do I prove log 6 base(4) is irrational 2) how do I prove using well ordering principle: n
@cpoppinz12
@cpoppinz12 7 жыл бұрын
Do you have any videos on strong induction and recursion?
@stanislavmodrak3142
@stanislavmodrak3142 3 жыл бұрын
I believe technically what he was showing IS the strong induction. The simple induction would be just assuming (n=k to be true), but he did (n
@basantallam7757
@basantallam7757 3 жыл бұрын
that was so useful!
@LearnersVault
@LearnersVault 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this video. But can you explain strong induction please. Thank you.
@Epic-so3ek
@Epic-so3ek Жыл бұрын
can someone please explain the factoring technique that was used? Every single video that does this proof (I've watched 4) doesn't explain where I can find more information on this, they just assume I've memorized every single little thing in algebra that I did 4 years ago.
@debonairrose
@debonairrose 3 жыл бұрын
haaah 12:14 "Ass."
@satyaprakashsoren5986
@satyaprakashsoren5986 4 жыл бұрын
well explained sir
@hazbean6125
@hazbean6125 Жыл бұрын
Thanks soooo much!
@luthfiidrus5188
@luthfiidrus5188 5 жыл бұрын
this video really helped me. thank you so much
@dbf72829
@dbf72829 3 жыл бұрын
Same lol
@afifahsabirah9233
@afifahsabirah9233 4 жыл бұрын
I loveee your handwriting!!! 💕💕💕
@hammo7406
@hammo7406 Жыл бұрын
amazing explenation
@jumaelahmed9995
@jumaelahmed9995 2 жыл бұрын
best teacher!
@sitioprueba2855
@sitioprueba2855 6 жыл бұрын
what program did you use?
@devkunjadia3792
@devkunjadia3792 6 ай бұрын
Great video
@jakobjensen8228
@jakobjensen8228 3 жыл бұрын
This video is on my syllabus
@rainorchid11
@rainorchid11 6 жыл бұрын
how do you know what to choose for your base case for any given problem? what is the strategy for choosing the base case?
@glennredwine289
@glennredwine289 3 жыл бұрын
rainorchid1 You always start with 1, n=1.
@medude5159
@medude5159 5 жыл бұрын
Whats the bar ontop?
@pial2461
@pial2461 4 жыл бұрын
It would be better if you took recurrence relations as an example for the "Induction Proof". Anyway gold content!
@logandanger
@logandanger Ай бұрын
Thank you.
@shazrylhakeemy8972
@shazrylhakeemy8972 11 ай бұрын
Bro i aint gonna lie, i didn’t study at all throughout this sem😭😭😭 rewatching all your videos two nights before my finals , really helping doooooooooo
@gabrielmoreno3027
@gabrielmoreno3027 9 ай бұрын
how'd it go? likely failed...
@BananaJointTV
@BananaJointTV 5 жыл бұрын
How do you simply it at 6:18
@icaruswong1
@icaruswong1 6 ай бұрын
Thank you kind sir
@pial2461
@pial2461 4 жыл бұрын
really cool! Discrete math is the coolest thing ever! specifically the proofs. It really helps us to understand the world with mathematical perspective.
@tutorchristabel
@tutorchristabel Жыл бұрын
well understood
@domicio1577
@domicio1577 2 жыл бұрын
Why should I use this in practice? Maybe to prove my algorithm holds true to any random value?
@ayushbhuwalka2022
@ayushbhuwalka2022 Жыл бұрын
thanks bro
@duksy5700
@duksy5700 Жыл бұрын
Man I love discrete math it’s so damn interesting
@omomohomegie3570
@omomohomegie3570 Жыл бұрын
Pls can you make another video explaining the last proof you just explained in this video???
@II_xD_II
@II_xD_II 4 жыл бұрын
Hey can you add Strong mathematical induction ??
@hawgrider44
@hawgrider44 4 жыл бұрын
High quality video
@jadeshinymist1639
@jadeshinymist1639 4 жыл бұрын
I have a discrete math exam today so can someone please tell me how at 7:36 he went from k(k+1)/2 +(k+1) for the left hand side to k(k+1)+*2*(k+1)/2?? where did that 2(k+1) come from? am I missing something? Shouldn't it be just (k+1)?
@michaelknapp454
@michaelknapp454 4 жыл бұрын
I had this same question but I think I got it now. In order to add k(k+1)/2 to (k+1) we need to find a common denominator. Meaning 2(k+1)/2 is the same as (k+1). The 2/2 cancels out.
@rajeshdansena
@rajeshdansena 7 жыл бұрын
don't you think here k
@aaronthompson144
@aaronthompson144 5 жыл бұрын
The other video is here: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/nNhkpqWEl66Xmmg.html
@lukeketterer
@lukeketterer Жыл бұрын
Can someone explain to me why we do +2(k + 1) around the 7:30 mark. I'm not great with algebra
@theophilusosita9316
@theophilusosita9316 8 жыл бұрын
Gud day. pls, I wnt to no what topics I need to no before I can learn mathematical induction. Thanks
@Trevtutor
@Trevtutor 8 жыл бұрын
Algebra skills. Induction is a proof method, so if you want to do it on sets, you should know set theory etc.
@VGx7
@VGx7 8 жыл бұрын
At 7:30 you change it to 2(K+1) why is that?
@kirankumar-ki3ci
@kirankumar-ki3ci 8 жыл бұрын
coz 2(k+1)/2 =(k+1) itself,the reason he did is to get same denominator in LHS as RHS
@christophernaron2828
@christophernaron2828 8 жыл бұрын
Hi Trev, where did K+2 come from? This has been troubling me since my discrete class the other day. (k(k+1)(k+1))/2 = ((k+1)(k+2))/2; unless I am getting my math wrong I don't see how this is? I just really need to know where the number is coming from for me to understand.
@Trevtutor
@Trevtutor 8 жыл бұрын
+Christopher Naron k(k+1)(k+1)/2 is not equal to (k+1)(k+2), but k(k+1)/2 + (k+1) is. This is explained at 6:50 when I correct my error.
@RedQueenAvenged
@RedQueenAvenged 8 жыл бұрын
+Christopher Naron he basically modified the (k+1) a bit from the RHS by simply multiplying it by 2/2. Reason for this is to combine like terms and since 2/2 is equal to 1, it's equivalent to multiplying (k+1) by 1, which leaves it unchanged. It gets weirder with factorials, but it will make sense with practice.
@stevo946
@stevo946 8 жыл бұрын
+Christopher Naron Not sure if this is what you meant, but for subbing in k+1 to k(k+1)/2 it's (k+1)((k+1) + 1)/2 = (k+1)(k+2)/2
@ast3077
@ast3077 8 жыл бұрын
+Christopher Naron We are using a simple truth to prove a comlex problem. Since any number + 1 is the number ahead of it we can show all of these numbers with n +1. We assumed n = k( that if it worked for 1 it will work for an arbituary number k. And in order to prove this formula we want to show that it is true for k + 1. We need to apply k + 1 to the formula that was proven true with our base case k(k+1)/2 in order to see if this holds true for any real number. so replace k in the known forumula. k +1((k+1)+1) / 2 SImplify to (k+1)(k+2) / 2 Just think of it as using the simplest case that we know is true to work out the answer for the larger question that we dont know how to do by adding in the larger part of the problem k +1 ( or inducting it ) into or simple part of the problem we proved with our base case.
@samuelchristophervisarra7830
@samuelchristophervisarra7830 Жыл бұрын
@@RedQueenAvenged but that's not what happened, right?
@danielcohenemail
@danielcohenemail 4 жыл бұрын
why do we assume n
@gabe_owner
@gabe_owner 4 жыл бұрын
It means that K is bigger than N, so you can regress back to the base case after K-N applications.
@Zulfurin
@Zulfurin 4 ай бұрын
So with the ladder analogy what happens if your chosen k is the last step on the ladder would it therefore not have a k+1?
@Trevtutor
@Trevtutor 4 ай бұрын
This video assumes it's infinite, however, you can either (a) prove n-1 -> n instead of n -> n+1 or (b) show that n -> n+1 up to a boundary point and show that at some boundary k k+1.
@Zulfurin
@Zulfurin 4 ай бұрын
@@Trevtutor That makes sense, thank you!
@MegaMetang
@MegaMetang 6 жыл бұрын
Great video. It's probably worth noting that this is a demonstration of strong induction, as opposed to regular induction; where during the induction hyp. you assume that your statement P(n) holds for some arbitrary k, then show it's also true for k+1.
@Taziod
@Taziod 8 жыл бұрын
I think you made a mistake isn't k(k+1)/2 + (k+1) the same as (k(k+1)+2*(k+1))/2? Not just plopping the k+1 on the top of the fraction? Edit: You fixed your error like 10s after I paused whoops
@ReemReem-nv6mk
@ReemReem-nv6mk 8 жыл бұрын
+Taziod I don't understand where did the 2 in (k(k+1)+ 2 *(k+1))/2 come from ???
@chunkdouglas4425
@chunkdouglas4425 7 жыл бұрын
The 2 comes from the fact that you're adding a rational number and a number that isn't rational. To do this, they must have the same denominator. (k+1) is equivalent to (k+1)/1. So, to make its denominator 2, you simply multiply the numerator and denominator by 2. So, you end up with k(k+1)/2 + 2(k+1)/2. This is equal to (k(k+1) + 2(k+1))/2.
@connorburgess4894
@connorburgess4894 7 жыл бұрын
so what you're saying is he's wrong right Chunk?
@dbf72829
@dbf72829 3 жыл бұрын
@Edwin Kaburu yep
@Dante-ot8xg
@Dante-ot8xg 3 жыл бұрын
u said you put in k+1 for k at 5:36, but wouldn't that end of being (K+1)(K+1)? Why is one of them K+2?
@berkay5087
@berkay5087 5 жыл бұрын
Isnt it strong induction?
@moharhusayn3184
@moharhusayn3184 5 жыл бұрын
what if the first step is false..i mean the basis???
@gorunmain
@gorunmain 2 жыл бұрын
I LOVE YOU!
@Tyler-hf4uc
@Tyler-hf4uc 7 жыл бұрын
I have a hard time understanding why we had k+1 on the left hand side. Could someone explain that to me?
@Trevtutor
@Trevtutor 7 жыл бұрын
Because to show n = k+1 is true, we have to sum from 1 to k+1.
@TKSlowah
@TKSlowah Жыл бұрын
Hello, PLease help with the following problem Prove (using direct proof) that, for all integers a and b, if a 𝑚𝑜𝑑 4 = 3 and b 𝑚𝑜𝑑 4 = 2, Then ab 𝑚𝑜𝑑 4 = 2.
@evev6383
@evev6383 3 жыл бұрын
Where did the k+2 come from in the first example though?
@17noMad17
@17noMad17 3 жыл бұрын
This comes from plugging (k+1) into the original formula n*(n+1)/2. Replace "n" with "k+1" and you'll get (k+1)*((k+1)+1)/2 which is the same thing as (k+1)*(k+2)/2.
@hubertbarrantes4604
@hubertbarrantes4604 7 жыл бұрын
on 7:31 mark why did he multiply 2(k+1)? i thought how he had it before was fine?
@jejunegamingtv1359
@jejunegamingtv1359 6 жыл бұрын
If you look at the step before, you want to join the 2 parts on the LHS together. To join (k+1) with its left side, it has to have the common denominator. So if you divide the bottom by 2, you have to multiple the top by 2 so it remains the same as (k+1). In short, (k+1) = (2(k+1)/2). Bottom denominator is the same, thus you can combine them together. Hope its clear enough.
@craig7878
@craig7878 Жыл бұрын
where did the (k+1)(k+2) come from?
@mr.capturing8390
@mr.capturing8390 4 жыл бұрын
5:22 I saw you add k+1 on the left side but there is still a k there. I mean that k should be replaced by k+1, then why there are even two k there?
@tomashaddad
@tomashaddad 4 жыл бұрын
The sum on the left is 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + n. Replace n with k+1, it becomes 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + (k + 1). Just like the number 3 came before the number 4, what number came before k+1? Well, it's k, right? (k + 1) - 1 = k. So we just reveal the number in the sum before k + 1 to be k, and so the sum is shown as 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + k + (k + 1). Get it?
@wm78965kidtips
@wm78965kidtips 8 жыл бұрын
why did you use N
@lowellwb
@lowellwb 8 жыл бұрын
i agree... i also wonder why?
@amirul264
@amirul264 7 жыл бұрын
k is a constant, while n is not.
@JoffreyB
@JoffreyB 6 жыл бұрын
because it doesn't matter. It's the same meaning.
@marcuskolade703
@marcuskolade703 5 жыл бұрын
because n is the infinite bracket of the question. K can either be within or be the last step of the ladder(n), but it can't surpass the infinite ladder n hypothetically.
@tyrt400z
@tyrt400z 4 жыл бұрын
because if he didn't do n
@NotQuiteMelvin
@NotQuiteMelvin 7 жыл бұрын
7:58 I like your stroke order heheh
@dubeya01
@dubeya01 7 жыл бұрын
I feel 'proof by induction' is a circular argument -- how can we 'assume' what we have set out to prove? What lends legitimacy to this assumption? What's the proof that proof by induction is a valid method of proof?
@Trevtutor
@Trevtutor 7 жыл бұрын
You do not assume what you are setting out to prove. You show that it's true for the base. Then you assume that for any given step k, k+1 is true. Because k -> k+1, if it's true for 0, it's true for 1, then it's true for 2, then it's true for 3, etc. \ A proof of it is here en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_induction#Equivalence_with_the_well-ordering_principle.
@alaa7071elsham
@alaa7071elsham 8 жыл бұрын
Thati's great
@SidTech7.0
@SidTech7.0 14 күн бұрын
Pls help me solve this one its been giving me a headache Prove by mathematical induction that n(n+1)(n+5) is a multiple of 3 for all n is an element of natural numbers(n€N)
@DingleBerrieLol
@DingleBerrieLol 5 жыл бұрын
It would help if instead of making mistakes, continuing, realizing the mistake and then erasing a couple things, you just re-recorded the part. It really messes with understanding when you continue with incorrect work. For example, around the 5-8 minute mark, you changed the (k*(k+1))/2 multiple times, so the steps didn't make much sense
@Taziod
@Taziod 8 жыл бұрын
How do you write on your computer? With a mouse? I'm only curious because if you're using a mouse your handwriting is amazing.
@Trevtutor
@Trevtutor 8 жыл бұрын
+Taziod No, with a pen. This writing looks not great because there was no pressure enabled. Videos like in Discrete Math 2 have pressure enabled so it looks better.
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