Ha! True. I’d love to see ALL production builds goto ICON walls! SO much better, stronger, more durable and disaster resistant!

​@@buildshow Hey, do you know the reason the print is limited to 10 ft? Would love to see multi-storey builds! Thanks for another great vid man!

@@leonmilner9994 There's a multistory build happening here in Houston. They are printing a 2 story home.

@@buildshow Are the egress walls insulated?

Seems like it'd be a simple thing to fill the gaps between each layer for customers who don't like the 3D printed look. Some kind of plaster or concrete fill and a Level 5 smoothing trowel and you'd have smooth walls. Love this tech and can't wait to see where we go from here!

thats debt for life wtf

Welcome to the cronie capitalist dystopia called the US.

Ya ridiculous

starter home prices in California are more than that, so as a californian finding a 450,000 home is a steal

we need a 100k house

you wish you could set trusses and build closet headers? Cause there's no construction here. One corporate giant building huge 3d printers. these are going to be horrible for black mold when painted and full of emfs from you wireless devices. Enjoy

@Anthony Man Sounds like somebody needs a hug. Black mold remediation is up to a properly designed HVAC system and changing the air in the envelope. It can be done in a masonry home, I have done it. As far as emfs, I currently own an electronic testing lab. There are industry standards limiting radiation. We test for them daily. You might be a bit paranoid about businesses. Most people just want to build a great product.

@@BrianNavalinsky pretty good troll. How much do you get?

@Anthony Man I am a builder. Pull up 245 costanera road in Coral Gables. I built it in 1989. I would love to print it.

Brian, I'm not sure what video you were watching but you don't build anything. Jason drops off a huge machine and one guy watches several houses being built but doesn't do anything. Somebody else comes by and sits trusses and slepts of roof on kick of a can? You would just be a roofer, not a builder. Is this technology came around when you were young? You would probably be a tile guy because nobody would need you.

they want tradesmen to come in under them so they can jack the price more

IDK friend I think the manufacturers of cabinets could build to suit with ready anchors on the products. That would make it easy for builders and homebuyers to install and it would reduce cost for everyone.

Yeah no doubt

I see your point however also think of it like this, in the future the technology will have improved and this material can be knocked down recycled and reprinted however you want on the same slab. lol

Remember popcorn ceilings?

​@@garyflippin1690so how could we make popcorn ceiling even harder to fix? Let's make it all cement and over all walls.

@@user-vb4fo2tr7i filtered HVAC doesn't prevent dust in any meaningful way

and you'd want to do the plastering before any dust accumulated, or you'd have a pressure washing nightmare.

That was exactly my thought...dust collectors that eventually harbor mites or whatever creepy kinds of things that colonize in carpeting. Also, a lot of us prefer wood floors, and the curved corners could present problems in cutting the wood and doing any kind of baseboard. And I'm wondering about plumbing/electrical repairs and additions. I've just built a custom house in California and it took two years just to get the plans approved. I am not so sure the cities here will get excited about a new, unproven construction method. That said, there's a lot to like about this kind of construction. And a smooth plaster job could make the contours look fantastic.

I still wish Matt would stop butting in when the other person is talking, let them explain about the product instead of constantly talking over them

Noooo, awkwardness?

I rather watch the machine in progress instead of two guys talking.

Yeah damn skippy

As a builder I see the potential to make 💰 🤑 💸

Concrete is expensive and they making concrete even more expensive making the demand for it higher.

@@phil562 I do actually. A builder who truly passes the savings onto the the consumer so that he can out compete the competition. A quality product at a more affordable price than price gouging builders. People used to have good morals and values. Guess it’s a rare find these days.

Its not even faster. Wonder how it would compare to straight concrete pour.

😆

lol

As the Father of a 19 year old I know where you are coming from. ( Gyprock CSR) Drywall sucks.

Kick in the door - more fun

They better think twice! 😂

house crisis in canada has nothign to do with the lack of houses, and everythign to do with money laundering and big finance. ITs political choices made by your politics, if you want to fix it you just have to fix these. Besides, 3D printing is a particualrly bad technology to build houses, it has a list of drawbacks longer than the arm, and does not even come close to the performance of current technlogy (conrete or clay large hollow blocks) in term of everythign that matters for a building : lightweight, cheap, easily and faslty deployed, insulating, and high strength / weight ratio.

Wrong host though, that dude is annoying!

You missed key phrases probably.

I've been following 3D printing for the last few years, since I saw the first one in Germany and this is awe inspiring, they have solved so many of the problems between the other trades interacting with the new technology. 😃 👍💙

Well they are hoping to fix cost through scale. The thing to remember is this will replace human labor so fewer people with jobs and money to buy the houses lol...

The current problem is the opposite. Demand is through the roof and not enough supply. That's one of the reasons why prices are so high.

Kind of like what ​@@Outworlder said, supply and demand is always where pricing comes from. Extreme demand and no supply means high prices, if we can start to meet demand, prices will come down.

I do not trust Lennar. That is like "Hey we have this amazing technology that makes it so much easier to mass produce, but we will find a way to keep it unaffordable for our profit". They built homes in my neighborhood mass produced on a piece of land they acquired...$75k above market...

If you want affordable you don't build single family housing. R-1 housing will always be expensive as the biggest driver of cost isn't the house but rather the land it is built on. If you want to build affordable homes then you need to build medium density condo units.

Killer points, I was thinking the same on heating and cooling but on single site build (not a community) passive cooling loops with alternative fuel boiler would really make this almost an ideal off grid as well.

Just saw a 3yr old house the construction was horrible the only thing that was perfect was the paint and wall paper. With concrete walls even the "NON" money side looks good.

@@markcollins457 nfortunately THAT is what you get for $45 dollars a sqft. But it will still be sold for north of 250k in most locations

@@markcollins457 Yea unfortunately, that's what you get for $45 SQFT that still sells for north of 250k today. The cost of labor exceeds the cost of materials by a factor of 3 to 5 in most cases. We used to build with a goal of 20% on profits but now the markets drive the costs up and quality down.

THIS!!!! I am a bit concerned about insulation, though.

Double Brick, or Full Brick construction like your describing is still common in Australia where the climate is very hot. The air gap between walls is a natural insulation.

Cavity wall technology is old and very inefficient. It is still common in UK which is limited by low volume of skilled workers but pretty much all of the rest of the europe turned away from cavity wall tech. It is expensive, very labour intense and provides poor thermal efficiency. Instead you may consider blocks (various materials are used depending on your location) with external layer of insulation, usually styrofoam but mineral wool is also common choice. These are quick to build, you can put up an average size house in a day and have whole structural work, including foundations and roof, completed under 2 weeks. Other, even more efficient and definitely more eco friendly is pole style construction. With wooden (laminated 6x2 into 6x6) posts located every 2.5m. Void between is filled with insulation giving very little left for thermal bridging. You also get a external wall, usually concrete-fible board, spaced approx 5cm off main wall... giving you form of cavity (this is for moisture control)! This is most efficient construction allowing a "PASSIVE HOUSE" in cold climate with wall thickness under 45cm! You are also getting massive freedom in internal design due to lack if internal weight bearing walls. It is also worth to mention that post frame requires much less of earth work - depending up soil type you can go with 16 inches auger and drill just 1200mm deep! You can easily build up to 3 floors up. With little more engineering 5 floors are possible. Anyway... steer away from classic cavity wall ;) If you don't believe... visit UK :D

If you have to witty about a bullet proof house you might need to revisit your life choices

You're absolutely right the only hitch was the cost of doing so but now that's a fleeting memory with this construction.

Yeah cavities are old tech. And provide barleyyyy an improvement on insulation. Shocking how so many people can be so passionately wrong in the age of information

Ever heard of a brick house

@@Planet-Anime Yeah I grew up in a brick house and all the footings I’ve seen were 3 feet thick and they were only exterior walls. This has interior walls and every one is heavy.

No different to any house built in Australia.....

@@Planet-Anime Bricks are lighter than concrete

​@@AMLagondanobody cares

Exactly. Let's stick it to who we can. Poppa needs a little pocket change.

The market drives the costs, not much you can do about that aside from major economic changes in the price of labor/materials or technological advancements. Of which I am glad they are trying 3d printing, but I don't see a path forward where this will reduce the cost of a house.. I hope I'm wrong though Just finishing a build for myself and everything is expensive. Especially when you go the extra mile to make it better engineered. Tear down houses in my neighborhood are 300-400k.. and we aren't an well to do area even so after all is done I am in the 1mil range.

yep, especially those McMansions terrible and cheap products used and architecturally ugly lol. my opinion of course, but they make no sense in how they are made.

The way I see it, houses should not be looked at as an investment. They should be seen like cars. That is the whole crux of the matter. Houses are viewed as an investment like you are investing into a non-physical thing such as a business which can appreciate in value because its value isn't in its physical properties. The problem is houses are physical, therefore they deteriorate over time. You can certainly do upgrades that will add value to the house, but they really shouldn't be appreciating in value when all you do is let it sit there. They should be depreciating in value relative to inflation over time.

@@evancombs5159 economic utility drives whether it's an investment, not how people "look" at it. Real estate and business can generate revenue. Businesses can make a profit and properties can generate rent. Also houses even when torn down have value, the land. It's a fixed amount specially when it's in a desirable neighborhood it's scarce. Cars have little utility or value when they reach 20 years old and there isn't scarcity to them.

Yeah once the dust starts on it you will want to kill someone... Good luck cleaning every little shelf.

My immediate thought as well. I would want that whole lot plastered smooth :D

An cost ,

@@kameljoe21 A brush attachment on a vacuum cleaner would make cleaning the grooves easy. Seems like there would be a product you could easily spread onto the walls if you wanted areas without texture, which I probably would. I think it would be very easy. This stuff is still pretty new and lots of people will come along with lots of products to accompany this building technique.

@@grilledxcheeze I think you may have missed the whole point. There are thousands of feet of tiny shelfs. All over your house. Why would you want to plaster over something that should have been done in the first place. This is why these project are not going to be long term. There are better and more viable solutions out there. One is a brick machine that uses an adhesive that is far better. Plus with robots coming about in the next decade we could see 1000 robots show up to a work site and with in a few days see a fully built custom and precise home built. With AI you will be able to build a house from scratch modify it and it will give you an exact material cost same day and you can adjust it and add options and other things in and when you get to the dollar amount you want. Use vr headset and walk around in and outside to make sure its what you want. In a couple of weeks your your load will show up and with in days your house will be built on your land. They will come in and drill and tamp your pier footers then proceed to build your floor, walls roofs and then your outside. All of this will be done in just a few days as they will work 24/7 and most of your product will be premade in a factory. For example when order your shower it will come pre assembled and the only thing you have to do is set it in place hook up drain and water lines and its done. Prefab full shower and tubs. Comes with a fully built in waterproof roof with installed vent fan for your floor or attic area.

Would help to lower insurance cost possibly, I would definitely buy one. What's the average cost, is this still in the beta testing phase?

I’d buy one in Florida!!!

Also, the ability to withstand floods will be huge in Florida as sea levels rise.

@@questioner1596 I'm just confused how you clean inside these walls after the flood waters go down... The amount of toxic garbage/mold food in the water that will deposited inside the walls would need to be cleaned out I would imagine...

@@thirdsin7754 Pressure wash it with bleach.

basically a prison

everythign is ridiculous with this "technology" simply because it is not a technology, jsut a company trying to surf ona hype, but lets be honnest, there is no reason to us "3d printing" to make concrete walls, concerte walls can be built faster and way easier with any other existing method, actually and building plain conrete walls is an heresy in most cases. a total waste of materials for very poor properties in term of insulation, weight etc etc This is total nonsense.

Spring cleaning.... break out the pressure washer.

Maybe a steam cleaner would work...

Dust for days I know I was thinking that

Some sort of sealer would need to be applied. You would have all kinds of stains. Concrete is so porous.

The naysayers are full of "it". Smooth polished floors, washable carpets, vacuum cleaners (both robot and hose type. There is no problem here. Anyone says different is trying to spread fear, uncertainty and doubt (FUD).

For Sure

??

I think the beauty of this is the opportunity to leak air is much less.

The plasticisers in the concrete would most likely address that. I would be more interested in knowing about the insulation properties and its effectiveness in colder climates.

​@@johngrisumwith complete 100% filling of the wall cavities with foam and the thermal properties of concrete I bet they excel in Northern climates even more so than Southern.

How much does the masonry in the machine cost

There is nothing game changing about this nor is it remarkable. It does not save anytime in residential construction.

I'm sure they'll have a robot doing the electrical work soon and won't need you either buddy. God forbid a small crack or hole appears in the walls of these joints in the future. There will be nobody around d that specialises in that line of work anymore. They were never needed.

It's in it's infancy for about the next year until everyone realises that buying anything not 3d printed is a scam.

you sound like a marketing bot. Everything you said is NONSENSE. There is not a single REAL HUMAN BEING who would say the tripe that you typed in this comment section!

100%. I learn a lot from these shows but you have to really sift through the infomercial first

I agree mostly with what you are saying but I trust him though. I just don't take these builder show type interviews as being complete or as any indication he endorses the product. That being said, I don't think it's the most ethical to do these puff pieces when you are known for showing sound building practices.

I thought exactly the same thing when there was a shot of the guy changing the printing tip head. What’s the QA/QC for inconsistencies in mix or application? I think that because mass scale building is still a work in progress with multiple iterations of improvement still underway for Icon, they intentionally hold Matt back from discussing these type of potential problems. They are still “tweaking” the process.

@@seattlemichele664 yeah I would assume that he's holding back that type of discussion. And tweaking type issues makes sense to gloss over. But I am more interested in how this wall performs differently structurally than a formed or CMU wall. I don't see how 10' of mortar will have the same strength as concrete. Also don't see how this cheaper/faster than having block layers do the same thing?

Definitely, in the proving stages, although important to realize that immediate and widespread dismissal of new technology is a great inhibitor of innovation. Early adopters will pave the way and allow the resources to those to work out the bugs along the way.

Sadly, this won't make homes cheaper for along time or if ever. But homes built will be way higher quality needing less repairs so that is a good thing.

houses will become cheaper if they start mass producing and jack up supply.

I'm sure as the tech progresses new material will be developed that will allow for this without compromising the structual integrity of the buildings... won't expect to see the price coming down too much though 😅😅😅😅

What's that machine cost a couple million??? Hopefully their profit margins are pretty good because they're going to be paying that off for a while??

@@mitchweber7868 with the labor savings I’m sure the savings add up quickly

@@zachjones2678 They are only printing the walls. The rest is pretty standard construction at standard costs. ICON likes to mislead folks into thinking the savings is large when it is not. Not hard to Google this and learn what the real truth is. Still, it's pretty neat technology but the cost savings will eventually be negligible.

@@mitchweber7868 For ICON, it's really a marketing cost. Until the rest of the industry catches up this is just a sales pitch.

On the inside, I can see household dust collecting over time, especially with pets and many people, and on the outside, pressure washing is standard for keeping the dirt and mildew off in the south.

@@paulmryglod4802 How about for the cold winters up North though?..

@RocketSkatesSTH this isn't a good choice for northern climates as shown. I don't see r19 being possible with these walls

This isn't prefab. It's site built.

@@joevarga5982 I understand that, the similarity is that they've built the walls, same as prebuilt. The walls arnt the work that needs a solution. The roof mainly and floor, need a solution. We typically frame and stand the walls in a couple days, and are building them on a nice flat floor, provide a prefab roof system and it'll be a game changer.

@@gabrielback5615 Well, this isn't even a solution for walls as far as I'm concerned. You know, with a site-built home, the walls are ALSO built on a nice flat floor and then stood up. And the overhead cost of a building walls inside a huge warehouse is eliminated.

Do you have an amazing deal about new technology or construction for the roof, that's something I've been thinking about? 😉👍

What about a concrete Roof Durakrete?

Why would you like to live in one?

@@Josh.1234 As Jason said in the video these homes are naturally energy efficient for less. The aesthetics are beautiful but the energy efficiency is what I like most.

@@scottmohrman I am sure he said they were energy efficient but until I see whole wall panel r values, I take that as marketing. Masonry walls with closed cell is not that efficient.

@@Josh.1234 A big part of energy efficiency is controlling the air flow. These are naturally air tight.

@@scottmohrman yeah but so is a house with tyvek and flashing tape. Air flow is just one of many impacts on it's thermal properties. Currently passive homes aren't typically masonry so I am curious how these will work in cold climates where their concrete slab and wall intersection has no insulation.

oh man an affordable starter home that is not a 80 year old trailer in a trailer park would be a dream come true!

Stucco them smooth, outside and in.

@@rotorheadv8 are you for real do you even realize the quantity of material and effort you would need to make these flat? And in the end, plain concrete walls are very terrible for a home and most building, think prison cells, huge humidity issue, incredible weight, huge waste of material, nightmare to pass plumbing and electricity and the list goes on and on. There is a reason why we dont build houses with plain concrete wall,s it its a total heresy and a huge waste of ressources for zero advantage. In fact the current technology : large hollow concrete or clay blocks if way superior to this joke, uses a fraction of materials and ressources (i think about 20 times less concrete, for example) provide way better insulation thanks to the hollow structure, a infinitely better strength to weight ratio, and flat and straight surface and straight angles which is very important for drywalls and finishing. So "3d printing" is a very good example of a so called "technology" which it is not, not solving a problem which doesnt exist anyway, bringing along an infinite list of drawbacks, all of which have been solved since a very long time with current technology.

To your first line: Don't allow HOA's in that zone. Period, I have heard nothing but bad troubles when HOA's are there in the Neighborhood, just don't have them..

@@scottcarr3264 if it's Lennar there will be HOAs unfortunately. I too hate them, especially when you are moving out having to get everything done and all they care about is the trash I had outside, even tried to put a lean on my home that I was trying to sell. just insane what people will go through for something that will be removed.

You wouldn’t be able to make any changes anyways. Lennar is HOA and they don’t allow major changes or construction to their builds

The housewife in me saw those walls and said h€ll no! I hate vacuuming/wiping baseboards. I’d really hate trying to clean dust out of that.

Yeah, it's a good point re cleaning. But you know, in the end, aside from changing the layout of the house, everything else you mentioned is solvable. Extra outlets and plumbing - well, just poke those holes in a few more places and install a trim plate and some extra PVC for future use. I don't think mounting things will be that difficult. Drilling holes for set screw in concrete is as easy as wood, then you place a backer board, add whatever you want in front of it, and trim it out. It will encourage you to make every addition to the walls a little more luxurious. Lastly, in terms of the wall surface, stucco for the exterior, or traditional grout/tile and/or wood sheathing or other interior wall treatments can easily hide some of that "ribbing" look of this construction design. I do agree that maybe aside from some specific load bearing walls relevant to the layout, the interior walls should not be printed with concrete, as that greatly hinders future remodeling. I think this 3D printing design for exterior, interwoven with "modular construction" techniques (factory built plug n play interior walls etc) would be a good mix.

Im so happy you wrote this so i didn't have to... dont buy one used unless you planning on a ground up rebuild!

​@@bry2kthis home is like a speaker box... 1 day the box will no longer be able to be fixed or hold components like Tweeters & woofers will become windows, doors, cabinets, once you commit to a hole thats it no going back.... how to you run that machine in the middle of the wall? Or fix a layer that cracked... u dont... injoy building another box... but home size....

The walls are filled with expanding foam so not sure where the mold would grow

especially when painted, trapping in the moisture.

@@jaydunbar7538 lol, it takes a real boomer

@@anthonyman8008 new=scary

this is unreinforced concrete, it's just going to crumble away in a few decades.

Definitely my concern with these. I currently live in a house that was originally built in the 1800's and has been modernized and updated as time went on as the layout could be updated and have modern conveniences added. Unfortunately these houses have a huge problem in the way the layout will be a huge pain to update and this may possibly make them a lower cost option however would be easier to demo and restart if you want to change the layout too much. Either way I agree with the uploader that these are cool however also see your point as I was thinking this almost immediately when I listened more to the designer talk.

I've owned many homes of all styles and sizes in my lifetime and have come to the conclusion that I only need a basic lower cost home that provides good shelter. I've taken my ego put of the home!

@@James-kg1wf if the process gets cheap enough, which it should. Demo and reprinting would prob be about the same as it is now to have entire labor crews come in to do a standard remodel.. At some point i imagine these printers will fly from one site to another, and will likely be a common thing in every city... Though lets be honest with the way things are going right now, the average person will not actually OWN a home, these will all be structure's owned by the elites that already want to control everything while claiming they are doing it to save humans from climate change. If anyone actually owns a home in the next 50 years, it will be rare, and my thought is those will only be the people wh were smart and lucky enough to become 100% self suficient/off grid.

These are pretty cheap to build, well, will be, so, just sell, and build a new one.

@@viperswhip Cheaper to build, probably not cheaper to buy.

Maybe a vacuum with the brush attachment? IDK

This is why I feel mudbot having the ability to have smooth walls on the inside will be a big benefit. Icon is ahead and mudbot may fail, but I am sure some in the 3d printing game will be able to pick this up properly.

Oh stop being such a fuddy duddy! Look at the bright side, just think of all the esthetically pleasing straight lines the kids can draw with their crayons!!

plaster coating my friend.... Will make it look minimalist, but you will know your house was made of concrete which is the great deal here....

For the interior, as a consumer, I'd prefer a traditional finish, so I could hang pictures, mirrors or shelving without having to drill into concert. Other than that I'm in love with 3D printing, the design I have in mind is an earthship, off the grid application. 😉👍

It does appear those homes might be soundproof.

The echo in the house must be terrible

​@@joecool4656actually the beads would break up the reverb quite a bit.

That’s unlikely.

If the walls are really good at blocking noise as it appears they would be, it would be great for houses next to freeways and by airports or where they are close to a noisy business. I think the interior walls are interesting- thick coat of paint should seal it a lot.

The outdoor accents being done from a list seems a little cookie cutter for me. Then again, I grew up on a farm with 140 acres, so we had a lot of ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ kind of space to play in all day. Well that and taking care of the cows. Anyhow, being raised like that its hard for me to conform to the burbs, even though I've lived in small towns now most of my life.

Well icon is probably spending a ton of money to do these to a much higher quality of finish..

I don't know, I'm in the Northeast and $250. A square foot for a concrete printed house does not seem very reasonable or affordable. If I could afford $250 a square foot that is not the house I'd want to live in

Not saying its right, but 3d printing is in the position that it has to prove itself. Taking the savings and putting a little extra polish on is smart to do when on the cutting edge. No doubt once it becomes normal lennar will buy their own printers instead of hiring ikon and print some really shitty houses.

@@matthewlawson4583 Seems pretty in line with national average home prices.

​@@Clockwork0nions I would imagine that's no accident. If it costs more, it's cost of adoption. If it costs less, it's pure profit. Pricing of a product with one maker is subjective not objective.

Imagine it would take you months to dust and clean the walls. Then you would have to start over by the time you are done.

Where do you live that $500,000 is top dollar? In my area that's super affordable.

@@Living_EDventures Open a window and put a fan blowing out, get the leaf blower from the garage and blow the dust loose and it will get sucked out the window! Simple!

Paint sprayer would work fine to paint the walls. Silicone mold a small section of wall and use it as a squeegee to patch little anchor holes with mortar mix, let it dry, then paint it to match.

I believe the $250 per sq ft is what Lenoor is going to be selling these for. He didn't say what the cost is for the 3D printing. I would be curious to know that number!

@@ericmattinen4728 the cost for the 3D is irrelevant, Jason talking about the global housing crisis well participating and unbelievably expensive home should be a change of himself. I don't blame anybody for making a profit. I don't fault him in any way. My issue is with him talking about stopping the global housing crisis while making homes that are exorbitant for the area. His stupid cowboy hat does not make him any more likable. He's not the Steve Jobs of 3D printed houses. He's really just kind of a hypocrite

So just more costs.

And many are built by CNC robots in factories, complete with utilities, in one day and assembled on site in less that 10 days

I would like to see this being used as soon as possible. It will be interesting and entertaining to watch what develops in design, style and fashion, etc., made capable by this technology. A 3D printed home is a no-brainer.

Why I think ultimately places are going to do something like what mud bot is doing so have flat concert walls.

I worked on CHAPEA (small role) over at NASA. It was really unique working around one of these structures. I can't wait for the manned missions to begin!

The jobs aren't going away, just changing. Someone has to monitor, service, and program the equipment. It can be an opportunity if people are willing to change with the times.

@@naarealy Agreed, I don't see it being realistic for a long time to lower the labour down as much as they want, but 1 to 2 people pre printer will be possible.

If that was the only issue, lol, this is beyond a joke, you never want plain conrete walls in individual houses, and in most contructions actually. This is a typical example of a so called "technology" which isnt one, doesnt solve any problem, and actually brings more problems than the current technologies. TO build houses we use large contrete or clay hollow blocks, it is very cheap, very fast, lightwaeight on the structure, very strong,and has excellent insulation properties. All things that "3d printing" cannot do.