For those of you who have already seen the video on the regulation of blood sugar, there are some redundancies with this video here. My apologies for that. I decided to repeat some of the essential information because it's critical to be clear that insulin resistance is not the same as glucose intolerance, i.e., it is very much possible to have normal blood glucose levels but still be very insulin resistant. As always, don't hesitate to post questions or requests for future content in the comment section. Cheers Mario

My father, who suffered from type 2 diabetes for most of his adult life, passed away recently. Officially, it was from multi organ failure, but it all came as a result of diabetes. He also had both legs amputated some years before his death. My dad didn't really take his condition seriously and he paid a dear price for it. I'm really happy that more researchers and doctors are paying more attention to this "silent pandemic" of insulin resistance. So many people are walking around thinking that they are healthy but they aren't. Another thing to add is that my dad was never fat. Thinness doesn't equate to health either. That's why it is so important to go for your checkups and do the blood tests too. Better safe than sorry.

FYI for those in the U.S., it is possible to find your HOMA-IR pretty cheaply without a doctor or insurance. There are labs online where you can order a fasting glucose and insulin test. They send you to a local lab for the blood draw. I was just able to order one for only $37 with no prescription or insurance. From the results, I calculated my score to be 5.8, so I definitely have some work to do. Your videos on reducing IR will be extremely valuable to me, Dr. Kratz, as all your others have been.

My Dr. Said A1C is only a 10th of a % over into pre diabetes. Not concerned, see ya for your yearly in October. Said nothing about nutrition/diet. I'm so glad I found you.

I think the best content on blood sugar regulation on youtube is on this channel - thanks Dr Mario for sharing evidence based knowledge translatable into practice with us !

Your plain speaking and presentation is excellent Kindly be doing what you are doing It will help a great many of the population

I am cardiologist in Brazil. And after I read Dr. Krafts book i started to use insulin and glucose curve in many patients in risk for IR. I also did it in me (normal!). My HOMA IR is 1. Great videos! Very well done. Congratulations for the chanell. I will keep seeing.

You are doing those who listen a great service. It is amazing how humans go through a great deal of trouble to avoid a minimal discomfort in the immediate when that slight discomfort would avoid major discomfort for the long run. I hope your videos help many to decide to do the work.

I´ve never clicked on a video so fast! 🙂 So helpful and insightful! Dankeschön! :)

Your fastidious care and rigor to your research are evident. It is a pleasure to bask in the knowledge that you spread. More power to you, Super Mario !

Finnaly this video has come, thank you! This is the topic of my biggest interest, and I cannot wait to see the rest of this series.

This is my favourite channel. Over the time I've learnt tones of information. A big thank you. I always looking forward to your videos.

Great video, without hype, promoting, or blame, just straight truth! Amazing! I listen this post twice and I’ll do more in the future…Thank you very, very much! Some confession to make: I already “bing watched”trough all your previous videos!

Thank you for giving us these videos. Your straight forward explanations make it easy to understand for us lay persons. You are doing a fantastic job!.

This video series has been incredibly helpful and informative. Please keep making content, the quality of the information is excellent. Thank you!

Just discovered your channel through your interview on Sigma Nutrition. I've been looking for a video like this for years! So clear, concise, precise and MUCH NEEDED! Thank you so much! I will support you and tell my clients about you. ~ Marian Blum

I love your videos and I appreciate your adherence to science based data.

So glad I found this channel - great presentation, thanks.

excellent video. well presented and not directly or indirectly pushing a million products and services. Very impressed with this doctor.

These KZfaq videos are excellent. Thank you for taking the time and effort to make these!

Thanks for your efforts to bring the attention towards Insulin Resistance, including how doctors will not be of much help in spotting the trend in the beginning stage. Yes, I have been paying for my HOMA test as my insurance would not cover that and any GP would not prescribe it, even when one is diagnosed as diabetic. Just wanted to add one more popular surrogate measure of Insulin Resistance, that uses Lipid Profile test results, that are usually covered under annual check up -Triglyceride and HDL levels - Triglyceride divided by HDL levels (both are expressed in the same units by a lab, like mg/dl or mmol/l) is a good indicator of Insulin Resistance according to many, including Dr. Benjamin Bikman - any reading more than 2.0 -2.5 (triglyceride level more than 2 times of HDL level), indicates beginning stages of insulin resistance, just like the HOMA test ( but is covered under insurance, though under different context!!). However, for certain ethnicities, this may not be very accurate and threshold also lower for women (>1.75) than men (>2.5) to be tagged as Insulin Resistant. We can also use our previous annual test results to plot our own progression, as all reports would have these two measures available. Just a thought!

Thank you so much for this content, very informative.

I've recently discovered your channel and enjoy the well balanced and researched content as well as your calm delivery. Greetings from Austria 🇦🇹.

Excellent, informative video. Thank you for making this information widely available and accessible. Delighted to subscribe to your channel.

What an amazing, timely series.Time and time again I tell friends to get their insulin tested only to have their doctors refuse !

thank you for all the excellent information. this is my favourite channel for learning about insulin resistance.

Another great presentation - learnt so much.

Yesss, I was impatiently waiting for another video!

As a Nutritionist , one of the best videos I came across, information so well talked and explained with thorough research , much needed for we Indians to understand this concept Of Insulin Resistance.

Love it, love it, love it❤, can’t wait to see your next videos and some of your CGMs results/data etc

You are awesome Mario! Bless you for helping us all keep healthier😊

Thank you for your videos. They are so informative and helpful! ❤

Great video -- lots of quality information. Very well done. Thank you.

Great series of videos. Had a blood test last week, which included a HbA1C test, but if I had seen this video I would of asked for a Homa IR test. Thank you - you have a very balanced style of presentation with excellent information.

Always excellent content 👍🏼

Amazing and informative video thank you!

Excellent explanation. It matches my observation of 18 months of glucose testing.

Excellent video, thank you so much

Thank you doctor for your video, I will see if I can get this test.

Simple and clear👍

Thanks.This lecture to my ears like classic music to those love music .

Thank you ever so much for your quick reply. Appreciated. I can go for 16 on average for fasting blood sugar. I watch your videos with interest. Success.

Thank you so much, Mario. I watched your two videos and can tell that I can save a lot of time and stop watching other health related videos. You are so right and to the point that I have literally tears in my eyes…I had to figure out myself a lot, including HOMA -IR. As a child I was accidentally poisoned by Death Cup mushroom and I think that I am paying for this all my life. My body never responded typically, many gut issues, immune system overreacted in strange way. Finally, when I am a senior I start to understand my body…. Hope to learn a lot from your channel. Thank you.

Useful information!!👍

Thank you for the very interesting, well produced and informative videos! May be the link between stress (and the other factors) and IR could be explored by you in a separate video(s).

Why HOMA-IR is not a standard test is crazy. This measurement is the gold standard for health. Anything below 1 is super.

Danke für ein weiteres, sehr informatives Video!!

Another awesome, informative video! I’ll be anxiously waiting for more information on how to become more insulin sensitive. Right now, at 2.75, I know I’m insulin resistant. I was only able to get my fasting insulin down to 2 when I really backed off on the grains and starchy carbs. It’ll be interesting to see how your upcoming information aligns with my own experience with diet changes!

I miss your videos, only so many times that I can re watch the old videos

Thanks Mario very interesting

Good informative podcast. Examples are perfect. Dr. Bipin Deshpande, INDIA.

I am loving your content. I was able to calculate my Homa IR at 2.6 to 2.9 (depending upon using my fasting blood sugar or my average bs of 120 from my A1c). Now to work on improving my sensitivity. I only have 1/2 a pancreas and I am committed to preserving what pancreatic function I have left.

Please do a video about hyperinsulinemia. When a person has chronic insulin resistance it means they also have chronic high levels of blood insulin. High levels of this powerful hormone circulating in the blood all the time has terrible health consequences; the number one of which is it makes it impossible for the person to burn body fat. So the person has to rely on frequent meals of carbs, sugar, or alcohol - which further increase the insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. A vicious cycle disease plaguing the majority of humans on earth. Symptoms of hyperinsulinemia include: Weight gain.. Cravings for sugar. Intense hunger. Feeling frequently hungry. Difficulty concentrating. Feeling anxious or panicky. Lacking focus or motivation. Fatigue. A number of complications may occur as a result of having hyperinsulinemia, including: Increased uric acid level Raised triglycerides Atherosclerosis Weight gain Hypertension Type 2 diabetes. The earlier a person with hyperinsulinemia is diagnosed, the more likely it is that the above complications can be prevented or the extent of these complications can be reduced. Thank you kindly

great video!

Thank You!

Thanks!

I benefited from this chanel. When u plan to eat big amount of carbo eat little carbo before that meal

Great video

Thank you for the video! It would be interesting if you could make a video on leptin resistance.

I'd love to hear about how/whether age impacts insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance and about reactive hypoglycemia. Thanks!

Insulin resistance is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and all chronic metabolic diseases. . Insulin resistance risk factors : 1. 45 years and older 2. Overweight or obese , with excess fat/weight around the waist. 3. Sedentary lifestyle 4. High blood pressure 5. High stress lifestyle 6. Fasting triglycerides more than 150 mg/dl 7. Chronic inflammatory condition 8. Medications: cortecostetoids, antiretrovirals, antipsychotics. To measure insulin resistance - HOMA-IR blood test HOMA-IR: blood test in AM, after overnight fast ( only water) of 12 hrs , under no stress, no tooth extraction, no infection, no inflammation ( ex. Joint inflammation/ arthritis), no meds ( of cortecostetoids, antiretrovirals, anti psychotics )no vaccinations Formula: a) if Glucose data in mg/dl: Fasting Insulin ( microunits/ml)X fasting glucose ( mg/dl) divided by 405 b) if Glucose data in millimoles/L Fasting Insulin ( micromoles/ml) X fasting glucose ( millimoles/Liter) divided by 22.5 Interpretation: 1 is normal Less than 2.5 - insulin sensitive Greater than 2.5 - insulin resistant Or: Under 1.5 ideal or perfect Between 1.5 to 2.5 - mild insulin resistance. Between 2.5 to 7 - insulin resistant

Thank you Mario, my daughter is struggling and not getting the help she needs from her Dr. How is it that a Dr. gets himself so busy as to mot be able to see his patients in a timely manner. The PA or NP in office aren't helping her and told her Dr. booked into next year. I have told her to find another physician but in meantime to start looking at your videos. She has every indication of having metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. I really think your videos are going to benefit her. You have helped me so much. Everything is reversing for me. Now my b/p for first time is low. Weight maintained and feeling good. Thank you.

Dr. Mario, thank you for your wonderful information. It's so comforting to have things explained the way you do. God bless you.

Thx.

The pharmaceutical industry do not want you to get an early warning of metabolic disease.

I think the term "normal Insulin resistens" is worth a discussion. Most people in modern societies will get a Homa IR far Higher, hence the low one could be namened "good" or "healthy" but not "normal".

Hey Doc' Another great video - well explained. Since you encouraged us to post questions, here's one you might like to help explain. For some time I've been wondering if using blood ketone strips (to measure Blood BHB) might be a simple way of estimating the approximate level or variability of insulin at home? I suggest this for those, like me, who have been unable to get the Doctor to do an appropriate insulin check and/or find it too expensive - including transport costs to a Lab' etc. I thought of this when I heard Professor Ben Bikman say in one of his lectures, "the liver wont produce ketones unless insulin is low". No doubt the situation is much more complicated than I seem to think.......hence me asking the question. Would be great if you could mention something on the subject in a future Video. Kind Regards, Y

I’ve had diabetes for the last 15yrs. After watching your video I brought my HbA1c levels down by ,5 on just one month!! Another question : do you these videos in a German version for German speaking people? English is perfect for me. Thank you very much for these videos. They are extremely helpful.

I think there is an issue with how Type 2 Diabetes is defined (I say this in 'reaction' to the standard medical statement that Insulin Resistance is a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes). The definition of Type 2 Diabetes per a description I found from a Mayo Clinic article is: "..Type 2 diabetes is a condition that happens because of a problem in the way the body regulates and uses sugar as a fuel. That sugar also is called glucose. This long-term condition results in too much sugar circulating in the blood. Eventually, high blood sugar levels can lead to disorders of the circulatory, nervous and immune systems..." Starting with THIS definition of Type 2 Diabetes, then yes - Insulin Resistance is a 'Risk Factor'. However - I would argue that the difficulty with regulating blood sugar is a side-effect of the primary disease factor which is Insulin Resistance. I would suggest that public health would be better served by measuring Fasting Insulin levels and Insulin Response Coupled With routine Blood Glucose and HbA1c tests. Type 2 Diabetes diagnosis under my suggested approach would be based on excessive levels of Insulin in the blood OR high HbA1c/blood glucose levels. Conversely, Type 1 Diabetes is a symptom of Low Blood Insulin levels AND high HbA1c/blood glucose levels. Only Type 1 Diabetes should (IMO) be treated with Insulin. In this regard - I must push back on the assertion made at 7:05 in regard to "Fred" where you Imply that he has low insulin sensitivity (i.e. high Insulin Resistance) because his PRODUCTION of insulin is too LOW and THUS has Type 2 Diabetes. There may be those that fall in that category but I believe there are sufficient studies to show that many diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes are still producing very high amounts of insulin (in absolute mcU/ml terms). Though High, for those diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes the amount is insufficient to overcome Insulin Resistance (despite the high Insulin level cells can no longer be stimulated to absorb/use blood glucose and the Liver thus converts the sugar to fat). This is, in fact, MY situation. I am not 'Fred', if anything my production might be HIGHER than Ben's. I am sensitive about this issue because my father passed away in large part because of High Insulin levels that contributed to Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and he was prescribed Insulin for Type 2 Diabetes rather than treated to LOWER his Insulin Resistance. The prescribed insulin just made his NAFLD worse, the insulin might have lowered his blood sugar but at the cost of destroying his liver and causing other health issues. He would have been better served by dietary changes (types of food he ate, eating frequency, ...) but his Doctors then followed the 'Standard of Practice' as do most today.

Thank you for this video and upcoming series. This is tremendously informative. I have a question on insulin on storage -hopefully, I didn't miss it from a prior video. Does insulin trigger a simultaneous storage of glucose into muscles, liver, and fat cells? If so, does that mean that glucose just ends up in fat cells only because the former stores become full/saturated first?

Wonderful content Vielen dank! A suggestion though: possibly make a numerical reference to each video so one can easily follow the videos in order of production? I enjoy all of them though!

There is data from Dr. Bozworth that the ratio of the glucose to the ketones mirrors insulin. This is easy to test and might be a good practical test with good data

thanks for the video. Can you site any research that supports the statement "maximum beta cell output is largely genetically determined"? I was not aware of that. Thanks!

Thank you for this video. I was recently diagnosed as Diabetic and I have immediately changed my diet to Whole Food Plant Based very-low fat and no refined carbs. I have not gone on meds yet as I asked for 3 months to try to reverse it with diet. I lost 13 pounds in my first month. Two to go. But I want to know if I am changing my insulin resistance and you just gave me a way to do it. I also need to take the C-Peptide test (according to Mastering Diabetes) to figure out if my body produces enough insulin to reverse it with diet alone.

They should teach this stuff at school.

Exceptionally good video, thanks Mario! Is waist circumference not a good proxy for insulin resistance without all the trouble and loss of time?

hey love your videos.. discovering this channel was an absolute bless have a question here.. whats the difference between Homa-IR & Homa IR2 tests?

I obtained a HOMA-IR of 1.1 based on my 3/18/24 lab report: Fasting insulin = 4.7 and glucose level = 95. 😊

Very valuable, objective and scientific knowledge covering various aspects of Insulin resistance...

I agree , that can exist high insulin resistant and chronic diseases ….

It would be wonderful to see what research you are familiar with for people living with T1D. We tend to be forgotten in favor of info pertaining to T2. I use both a CGM & an insulin pump. Thank you for your videos.

As Mario explained, insulin resistance does not tell the whole story regarding a person's ability to maintain healthy blood glucose levels. The ability of the pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin is also crucial. If the beta cells are capable of producing a lot of insulin, then insulin resistance can go very high before a person gets into trouble with glycemic control. On the other hand, if the beta cells are impaired, then glycemic control will begin to suffer at a lower level of insulin resistance. All of this to say that while measuring insulin resistance is crucial, we can get a fuller picture of metabolic health by also measuring beta cell function. I went looking for an inexpensive test of beta cell function and found that the HOMA model itself provides an indicator called HOMA-B (or HOMA-ß) that serves this purpose. Better still, it requires only the same two inputs that go into the HOMA-IR calculation: fasting glucose and fasting insulin. Higher HOMA-B numbers indicate a greater ability to produce insulin. I also discovered that there is an improved, more accurate version of the HOMA model called HOMA2. The HOMA2 model is considerably more complicated, so you need to use a HOMA2 calculator rather than trying to do the calculations by hand. I got mine from the Radcliffe Department of Medicine at the University of Oxford. Google 'oxford homa2' and you'll find it. Normal ranges vary by population, so you need to be careful in interpreting the results, but I found these ranges in one particular study: HOMA2-IR in non-diabetics: mean 1.16, standard deviation 0.31 HOMA2-IR in diabetics: mean 2.61, standard deviation 1.06 HOMA2-B in non-diabetics: mean 113.10, standard deviation 30.56 HOMA2-B in diabetics: mean 47.10, standard deviation 24.67

Very informative for lay person to understand and get the Homa ir test done. How does hba1c fit here? In India the test is very common to decide if you are prediabetic or diabetic.

Dr Kratz, I’ve recently watched Professor Taylor’s studies on T2DM regression and the role of the liver’s insulin resistance which, Dr Taylor says, is not the same as muscle tissue insulin resistance, I’m unsure as to the distinction. How is the Insulin Resistance [IR] test that you’ve posted here related to these two forms of IR? Thank you

You have answered a lot of my questions. I still not sure about the relationship between my higher morning numbers that continue to rise especially is I am busy around the house. Low carb eating keeps number in good range but not eating make them rise. Is my body not producing insulin when bs goes up even if I have not eaten. BTW. I’m 75 and managing my T2D without medication.

I would like a video about control of blood sugar (type 2 diabetic) + breast cancer.

Subscribed! I'm 1,8 on the scale, but still insulin resistant judging from the glucose response after carbs. Coming from 3,8 though, so reversal seems very possible.

Very informative. Are you a physician?

information.. should need to be known everybody whether above 45 or below 45 .. to be his own health care guy🐸🐸

Mario, could you at some point just touch briefly on the second meal phenomenon, that you’ve made reference to before? I eat oatmeal for breakfast and try to match the carbohydrates in the oatmeal with the carbohydrates in beans for lunch, I figure that since I consume more fiber at lunch I can add to the carbs that I ate with breakfast. Any studies on carb matching? If you’ve succinct information on this issue it’d be much appreciated Thanks, Rafael

Por favor videos traducidos al español

Great videos. I would like to add PCOS to the list of predispositions! Do you recommend plant based diet to your patients?

I requested the Fasting Ins test, but they gave me c-peptide instead. do you know if there is a calculation using cpep? OR is there a 1:1 ratio for the c-pep and Ins?

Taking my NMR blood test, I saw that my switch to low carb, non processed food eating has lowered my LP- IR marker/score from 65 to 39. This was after 3 months of low carb whole food eating. 👍👍👍

Dr Joseph Kraft showed in the 1970 s there was a 10-year period where glucose stayed normal in the face of rising insulin levels. This is a strong argument for doctors to add fasting insulin to the laboratory request form. ( this will cost the Australian government about $47) Early recognition of insulin resistance saves lives. If your doctor does not understand this basic preventative medicine, get him or her to watch this video. I have had about 90% success rate getting GPs and oncologists to put fasting insulin on the laboratory request form once the patient tells them about the research of Dr Joseph Kraft. Only 1% of GPs know of the Joseph Kraft research. New Zealander Dr Catherine Croft did her PhD on Insulin resistance re analysing Kraft's data

Is there any benefit in having a Homa-ir test if you are already diagnosed with T2 and are taking medication for that? Or is it purely for those who are either pre diabetic or concerned about pre diabetes.

Why do you not recommend the C peptide blood test?

It has absolutely blown my mind to learn about how EXTREMELY IMPORTANT it is to control insulin. Insulin management is probably the most important aspect of one’s health. Everything ties back to insulin somehow!

Thank you Mario for your efforts. I have a couple of questions. 1) Is sourdough rye the lowest glycemic index based on your experience or is it just an example familiar to you? It doesn't seem to be widely available in my area. I may have to get it online. Is rye or sourdough just as good? 2) What about pre-meal exercise? Have you tested BG response from that perspective. I'm a road cyclist and frequently ride 1-3 hours on an empty stomach before eating. I've had good experience with following a ketogenic program after an approximately 2 week adjustment period. Keto is hard on my wife so eating carbs would be more family friendly. Thanks!

I would like you to do a video on your opinion of the keto lifestyle. I had an A1c of 5.8. I have been doing the keto diet for a year now my A1c is 5.5. But my glucose monitor the numbers are usually somewhere between 101 and 115. That would suggest I am still prediabetic. Please help me with this. Thank you and God bless you!🙏❤️