Content:
Introduction 0:00
Orientation of the Larynx: 0:50
Cartilage of the Larynx: 1:47
Thyroid Cartilage: 2:42
Cricoid Cartilage: 03:30
Epiglottis: 4:06
Arytenoid Cartilages: 4:31
Corniculate Cartilage: 5:11
Cuneiform Cartilages: 5:27
Ligaments and Joints: 6:00
Laryngeal Wall 9:32
Tunica Mucosa: 10:19
Tela Submucosa: 11:31
Muscles of the Larynx 13:06
Tunica Adventitia 15:46
Laryngeal Cavity: 16:03
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Larynx Orientation:
- Located between the hyoid bone and the trachea and in front of the esophagus
- Skeletopy: C4-5 to C6-7
- Function of the Larynx:
○ Air Passage
○ Produces sound through Phonation
Cartilage of the Larynx:
- 3 Unpaired Cartilages
○ Epiglottis
○ Thyroid Cartilage
○ Cricoid Cartilage
- 3 Paired Cartilages
○ Arytenoid Cartilage
○ Corniculate Cartilage
○ Cuneiform Cartilage
Thyroid Cartilage (Cartilago Thyroidea):
- Right Lamina (Lamina Dextra)
- Left Lamina (Lamina Sinistra)
- Laryngeal Prominence (Prominentia Laryngea)
○ Adam's Apple
- Superior Horn (Cornua Superiora)
- Inferior Horn (Cornua Inferiora)
Cricoid Cartilage (Cartilago Cricoidea):
- Arch (Arcus)
- Plate (Lamina)
- Arytenoid Articular Surface (Facies Articularis Arytenoidea)
- Thyroid Articular Surface (Facies Articularis Thyroidea)
Epiglottis:
- Lies behind the cartilage and hyoid bone
- Attached to the thyroid cartilage
- Function: Closing off for the respiratory system when you swallow and open up the respiratory pathway when you breath
Arytenoid Cartilages (Cartilago Arytenoidea):
- Triangular Shape: Apex and Base
- Anterior Process: Vocal Process (Processus Vocalis)
- Posterior Process: Muscular Process (Processus Muscularis)
- Criocoid Articular Surface (Facies Articularis Cricoidea)
Corniculate Cartilage (Cartilago Corniculata):
- Lies on top of the arytenoid cartilage
- Serves as an attachment point for muscles
Cuneiform Cartilages (Cartilago Cuneiforme):
- Aryepiglottic Fold
- Cuneiform Tubercle (Tuberculum Cuneiforme )
Laryngeal Ligaments and Laryngeal Joints:
Connections in the Larynx (Juncturae Laryngis):
- Continous Articulation (Synarthroses)
○ Cartilaginous (Synchondroses)
○ Fibrous (Syndesmoses)
- Discontinuous Articulation (Synovial)
○ Synovial Articulation (Articulatio)
Continous Articulation (Synarthroses)
- Cartilaginous (Synchondroses)
○ Between the Corniculate Cartilage and Apex of Arytenoid Cartilage
- Fibrous (Syndesmoses)
○ Thyrohyoid Membrane (Membrana Thyrohyoid)
○ Cricothyroid Membrane (Membrana Cricothyroidea)
○ Cricotracheal Ligament (Ligamentum Cricotracheale)
○ Thyroepiglottic Ligament (Ligamentum Thyroepiglottica)
○ Hyoepiglottic Ligament (Ligamentum Hyoepiglotticum)
Discontinuous Articulation (Synovial)
- Synovial Articulation (Articulatio)
○ Cricothyroid Articulation (articulatio cricothyroidea)
○ Cricoarytenoid Articulation (articulatio cricoarytenoidea)
Laryngeal Wall
- Tunica Mucosa
○ Vestibular Fold (Lines by Respiratory Epithelium)
○ Vocal Fold (Lined by Stratified Squamous Epithelium)
○ Contain Laryngeal Glands and Lymph Nodules
- Tela Submucosa
○ Fibroelastic Membrane (Membrana Fibroelastica Laryngis)
§ Quadrangular Membrane (membrana quadrangularis) form vestibular ligament
§ Lateral Cricothyroid Ligament (Conus Elasticus) has a free margin forming the vocal ligament, which is a part of the vocal folds
- Muscles (And cartilage):
○ Muscles that open and narrow the laryngeal inlet (entrance)
○ Muscles that open and narrow the Rima Glottidis
○ Muscles that act on the vocal cord
§ Tenses Vocal Cord (Cricothyroid Muscle)
§ Decrease Tension of vocal cord (Vocalis Muscle)
- Tunica Adventitia
○ Tough connective tissue consisting mainly of dense collagen fibers
Laryngeal Cavity:
- Laryngeal Vestibule (Vestibulum Laryngis)
- Glottis
○ Rima Glottidis
§ Anterior 3/5 is inter-membranous part
§ Posterior 2/5 is intercartilagineous part
§ Phonation: Vocal folds rub into each other
○ Laryngeal Ventricles (Ventriculus Laryngis)
- Infraglottic Cavity
Sources used in this video:
- Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
- Biorender
- University notes and lectures