Memory Consolidation: Time Machine of the Brain

Рет қаралды 38,892

Күн бұрын

Visit brilliant.org/ArtemKirsanov/ to get started learning STEM for free, and the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual premium subscription.
How does sleep help us remember things better?
In this video we will explore the wonders of the hippocampus - a brain region involved in memory consolidation and spatial navigation. We will talk about the phenomenon of hippocampal replay and the Sharp Wave Ripples.
My name is Artem, I'm a computational neuroscience student and researcher at Moscow State University.
Socials:
Twitter: / artemkrsv
vk: atpsynthase
OUTLINE:
00:00 Introduction
01:01 Sponsor message
02:23 Cortex and Hippocampus
04:52 Sharp Wave Ripple
06:45 Fast-reverse memory replay
08:55 Fast-forward replay
10:03 Conclusion and Outlook
REFERENCES:
1.Ólafsdóttir, H. F., Bush, D. & Barry, C. The Role of Hippocampal Replay in Memory and Planning. Current Biology 28, R37-R50 (2018).
2.Hannah R. Joo & Loren M. Frank. The hippocampal sharp wave-ripple in memory retrieval for immediate use and consolidation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2018) doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0077-1.
3.Buzsáki, G. The brain from inside out. (Oxford University Press, 2019).
4.Roux, L., Hu, B., Eichler, R., Stark, E. & Buzsáki, G. Sharp wave ripples during learning stabilize the hippocampal spatial map. Nat Neurosci 20, 845-853 (2017).
5.Girardeau, G., Benchenane, K., Wiener, S. I., Buzsáki, G. & Zugaro, M. B. Selective suppression of hippocampal ripples impairs spatial memory. Nat Neurosci 12, 1222-1223 (2009).
6.Feld, G. B. & Born, J. Sculpting memory during sleep: concurrent consolidation and forgetting. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 44, 20-27 (2017).
7.Ambrose, R. E., Pfeiffer, B. E. & Foster, D. J. Reverse Replay of Hippocampal Place Cells Is Uniquely Modulated by Changing Reward. Neuron 91, 1124-1136 (2016).
8.Marcelo G. Mattar & Nathaniel D. Daw. Prioritized memory access explains planning and hippocampal replay. Nature Neuroscience (2018) doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0232-z.
9.Jens G. Klinzing, Niels Niethard, & Jan Born. Mechanisms of systems memory consolidation during sleep. Nature Neuroscience (2019) doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0467-3.
10.Penelope A. Lewis & Daniel Bendor. How Targeted Memory Reactivation Promotes the Selective Strengthening of Memories in Sleep. Current Biology (2019) doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.019.
11.Wenbo Tang, Justin D. Shin, Loren M. Frank, & Shantanu P. Jadhav. Hippocampal-Prefrontal Reactivation during Learning Is Stronger in Awake Compared with Sleep States. The Journal of Neuroscience (2017) doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2291-17.2017.
12.Buzsáki, G. Hippocampal sharp wave‐ripple: A cognitive biomarker for episodic memory and planning. Hippocampus 25, 1073-1188 (2015).
13.Diba, K. & Buzsáki, G. Forward and reverse hippocampal place-cell sequences during ripples. Nat Neurosci 10, 1241-1242 (2007).
14.Shin, J. D., Tang, W. & Jadhav, S. P. Dynamics of Awake Hippocampal-Prefrontal Replay for Spatial Learning and Memory-Guided Decision Making. Neuron 104, 1110-1125.e7 (2019).
15.Mehta, M. R. Cortico-hippocampal interaction during up-down states and memory consolidation. Nat Neurosci 10, 13-15 (2007).
16.Aussel, A., Buhry, L., Tyvaert, L. & Ranta, R. A detailed anatomical and mathematical model of the hippocampal formation for the generation of sharp-wave ripples and theta-nested gamma oscillations. J Comput Neurosci 45, 207-221 (2018).
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B roll footage by pexels.com
Icons by biorender.com
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This video was sponsored by Brilliant

Пікірлер: 87

@ArtemKirsanov 2 жыл бұрын

Visit brilliant.org/ArtemKirsanov/ to get started learning STEM for free, and the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual premium subscription.

@e555t66 Жыл бұрын

You are preaching to the converted :). Nice videos!

@nuancedproductions3548 Жыл бұрын

Do these phonominon have any direct connection to dreams?

@simoneparvizi775 2 жыл бұрын

Keep it going man. The quality is insane, you deserve more! Cheers from Italy

@rickdoesmath3945 2 жыл бұрын

Mi associo

@maximtiburziano872 6 ай бұрын

Mi associo anche io !

@tomsnow2872 Жыл бұрын

In fact theres evidence proving we actively and passively forget alot of information throughout the day, and this information dump of actively and passively forgetting things we deem unimportant, is precisely what allows us to learn. The balance between active forgetting during the day and memory consolidation during the night is what makes the brain so effective.

@arfyness Жыл бұрын

wow you're incredibly good at explaining such complex things i've not understood these concepts until now

@LucGendrot 2 жыл бұрын

Fast-reverse memory replay reminds me of how eligibility traces and TD(lambda) in reinforcement learning work, by updating the Q value of each past visited state after receiving a reward in the "current" state, and how the reward filters back essentially in reverse order of visitation. Obviously it's not at all the same, but it's cool how even though TD(lambda) wasn't created with this biological process in mind, it still forms a loose analogue to how the "real thing" works.

@filipp33q62 2 жыл бұрын

Ну наконец новый видос! Ты уже так вырос… Настоящий медиагигант! Когда 100к подписоты отмечать позовёшь? Роста тебе в этом ремесле!

@rodrigocalixto470 Жыл бұрын

Hey Artem, I just wanted to say that I absolutely love the content you make, specially the videos about specific neuroscience topics. Please never stop!! :)

@victoriaporozova Жыл бұрын

I like how Artem had 9k while asking us to follow and now he has gotten ~x10 times more. He will grow to the million. This channel and the content is brilliant. Doing Quantum AI + theoretical physics related research right now. It is funny how biology inspires new models in AI a lot. Keep it up! Greetings by a Saint Petersburg’s 🇷🇺physicist from Brazil 🇧🇷🙌🏼

@reillytilbury8925 Жыл бұрын

Your videos are so well made and informative. As someone who has recently entered neuroscience, you're a fantastic and enthusiastic teacher!

@senseofmindshow 2 жыл бұрын

This is such a fascinating topic, and I had never heard of the reverse order replay that you explained. Just an excellent video and explanation! Your animations are beautiful. By the way, I also make neuroscience videos so if you would ever be interested in collaborating, let me know!

@jamesjenkins9480 2 жыл бұрын

Woah. This is awesome content. IDK how I found you, but please keep making this!

@ArtemKirsanov 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you!

@victoriaporozova Жыл бұрын

so it is time-reversed dynamics during our sleep, lit data, thank you for this information

@mukul98s Жыл бұрын

Your video content is amazing. Also you edit video like a professional. Smooth and subtle sounds with near perfect animation

@infonode1783 2 жыл бұрын

Incredible work. My future self and I thank you for enriching our brains :) Now to refine the notes I've taken!

@RuskeyBamboni 7 ай бұрын

this helped so much, thanks!

@ecoconatus8089 2 жыл бұрын

Really love this channel. Zettel minimalist Obsidian combo really chaged my note taking life. Really greatfull

@GabrielLima-gh2we Жыл бұрын

Incredible video about a fascinating topic. Great work man, I love these learning videos. Keep it up!

@saw_z_creations 10 ай бұрын

PERFECT PROFESSOR.

@albertoarmenta2772 Ай бұрын

Thanks for your great work.

@os2171 Жыл бұрын

Excellent job! As a neuroscientist myself I can say great work!

@skepparkrans9060 Жыл бұрын

Amazing content and great teacher, thank you so much for this ❤

@judyju7416 Жыл бұрын

Great video, very good explanation! Would love to see more

@qwerty123443wifi Жыл бұрын

Man this channel is insane. Can't believe I'm watching this for free

@gambleroflife 2 жыл бұрын

Cheers from turkey! Great video again!

@yuliachernyshkova4160 6 ай бұрын

Super helpful and well explained, thank you ! :)

@dolwerkovalskidacosta9681 Жыл бұрын

me watching a video in the middle of the night about the importance of healthy sleep

@Brummibrummibrumm 2 жыл бұрын

Amazing Video! Keep it up! :)

@AkumaQiu Жыл бұрын

Your channel is great

@MrMikkyn 4 ай бұрын

I had no idea the hippocampus was doing that while we were sleeping. I knew we had memory consolidation during REM, but not this hippocampal cell spiking. This is so fascinating wow. My god 😮

@elismith4040 Жыл бұрын

This was crazy. Reminds me of a book by Eric Kandel: 'In search of memory' where he discussed the role of the hippocampus in memory. Also coincides with Jordan Peterson × Huberman Interview recently where they talked about the hippocampus when it comes to "trying on" different potential versions of your self via imagination and through the prefrontal cortex.

@marcus8710 Жыл бұрын

Peterson and Huberman have brought stunning examples of paradigm-remodeling insights from the neuroscience frontier to the layman. They have helped me with real practical problems as well as making the study field so much more engaging.

@JJEvita 7 күн бұрын

"Trajectories the mouse was taking during the day at night recapitulate during the shark wave ripple. And that means that the same place cells were activated one atfer another as if representing the same trajectory only their order was reversed and the time scale of the entire thing was much smaller."

@zeaugusto8456 Жыл бұрын

Just found u and liking all the videos

@Batata_wat Жыл бұрын

You rock!

@elkhan_tahirov 2 жыл бұрын

Artem, in which sleep mode does this "ripple" activities occur? deep sleep, light sleep or rem sleep?

@user-ot7wg2ll9j 8 ай бұрын

Lemme take a nap to remember what this video was about thx

Жыл бұрын

I wonder... If the reverse play is to learn what behavior led to either a positive or negative reinforcement event. Like the birds in Skinner's box, desperately trying to figure out what made the food come out, begin to show "superstitions" and repeat all sorts of odd behaviors (like turning around to the left, for example) in hopes of triggering a new feeding. It makes sense to me that it would be examined in reverse in order to suss out what behavior led to the positive or negative event in order to either suppress or reinforce those behaviors.

@lafo1639 10 ай бұрын

Omg this was amazingly exciting and done exceptionally ❤ One question: does the brain send those “reverse replay packages” during memory consolidation process only during specific phases of sleep?

@brad6742 Жыл бұрын

[4:34] fast forward to picture of cute sleeping mouse :)

@stricttyping5308 2 жыл бұрын

Having watched all your previous videos, I find myself not preferring the new setup with the black curtain, especially combined with the gaming chair. I think before there was more of a vibe of "I'm just an academic taking time to share knowledge with you," while now it feels more in line with the average KZfaqr trying to run a show. Of course if you are more comfortable with the new setup, by all means continued. I just wanted to provide feedback as I've found your content invaluable as I'm working to improve my learning systems. Thank you for your work thus far.

@ArtemKirsanov 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks! This setup is actually the recording studio at our university, where the lectures for distant classes are recorded (it just happens to have a gaming chair idk why ). I've agreed with the department to use it for my personal projects, when the studio is free. I guess I wanted to make the videos look more "professional" with 4k camera and stuff ;) Plus, at the moment, it's much more convenient to do it this way, so that I'm not dependent on my roommates when recording the footage (since I live in a dormitory) But I appreciate the feedback! Perhaps, I should make the setup look a bit more "homey"

@ogungou9 Жыл бұрын

It happened during the gap effect too, yes.

@hottopicenbiologia Жыл бұрын

Brilliant explanation! Thank you. I have already subscribed to your channel. That was in mouse. The same thing happens in humans? Do we plan the future with Ripley waves when sleeping? thanks Hugo

@user-lz1yb6qk3f 3 күн бұрын

Артём, а в каком университете ты работаешь?

@ChristianHohlfeld Жыл бұрын

yeah

@DannyHatcherTech 2 жыл бұрын

Very interesting video. If the hippocamal replay occurs during daytime, what is so special about sleep? My understanding is that information in short-term memory that is deemed as unimportant will be forgotten so sleep could hinder lessons just before sleep, on the other hand they also reinforce memories being encoded into long-term memory. Your thoughts?

@chibrax54 2 жыл бұрын

It is hypothesized that forward awake replay is used for planning ahead whereas reverse awake replay is used for encoding valuable behavioral sequences since it mainly occurs when the animal encounters an unexpected reward. As for sleep replays, they are thought to serve information transfer from hippocampal-dependent episodic memory to cortex-dependent semantic memory. Contrary to what is said in the video, I believe the replay of sequences during sleep are usually in the forward order.

@DannyHatcherTech 2 жыл бұрын

@@chibrax54 interesting, it seems as tho the direction of replay could be impacted by the perception of information received by the individual... 🤷‍♂️

@ArtemKirsanov 2 жыл бұрын

Very interesting question! For starters, sleep has other important functions as well, such as clearing metabolic waste products from the brain. As for memory consolidation, the frequency of the ripples is much larger during slow-wave sleep, than during waking. Also, during sleep the balance of various neurotransmitters (such as dopamine, noradrenaline, acetylcholine) is changed, which could potentially affect the "effectiveness" of the ripple, providing a special surrounding for upregulation of synapses But this is just my own thoughts. There are still a lot of blind spots in our knowledge on this matter 🙂

@chromosome24 Жыл бұрын

Are there place cells encoding place cell sequences?

@johnsherfey3675 Жыл бұрын

If forwards is sensory sending stuff to the hippocampus, and the backward replay memories are being sent out to the sensory organs. They may not be a reverse replay, but a regular replay.

@bridgeboo3031 Жыл бұрын

ya boy watching this after pulling an allnighter amd school starts in 1,5 hours :p damn

@recca12 Жыл бұрын

I spend 7/10 in sleep, no memory to consolidate

@nervous711 Жыл бұрын

So the fast forward replay does not contribute to memory consolidation as reverse one does?

@cason7543 Жыл бұрын

Why is it 4 am

@ellwilya1277 2 жыл бұрын

Deja vu?

@supersonic118boi8 2 жыл бұрын

Hope your doing well Artem. Can we expect new content from you considering the blocking of social media in Russia?

@ArtemKirsanov 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks! Totally! As far as I know, KZfaq is not planned to be blocked yet. And I have a VPN subscription just to be safe ;)

@muhtasirimran Жыл бұрын

Bro is in 47K now from 9K

@sorry4all Жыл бұрын

Me watching this at 3.50, feeling guilty for my morning self.

@xiqueira Жыл бұрын

anyboday else woken up yo lucid state during reverse replay.

@iHATEbigots666 Жыл бұрын

0:00 My only correction on this video: employers still do not know that sleep is important

@user-og1if8ui7j 11 ай бұрын

Артёмка, сделай русские субтитры пж(

@debblez Жыл бұрын

Is that why dreams are so weird? Because your brain signals are literally going in reverse?

@valovanonym Жыл бұрын

Me, watching this video at 4am: 💀🤡 (no worries I will sleep after, I'm juste more productive at night)

@SuperHddf 2 жыл бұрын

Your voice is hard to understand, because of the reflection of your table into the mic. Try to get it closer to you or use a Lavalier microphone. Love your vids. Keep it coming :) ♥

@madtscientist8853 Жыл бұрын

You do know that there are people that only need 2 HOURS of sleep a day. Sleep all depends on the person

@BeeStone-op1nc 11 күн бұрын

Is this a biological equivalent to backpropagation

@lucasomalley Жыл бұрын

YOU spend 1/3. I spend 1/2.

@nevokrien95 Жыл бұрын

Reverse replay sounds like backpropagation

@zip_cs 2 жыл бұрын

Кип ит гоинг, мен

@Waferdicing Жыл бұрын

💤

@shirinshafiee2647 2 жыл бұрын

I wished the quality of the voice and the volume of it were better

@alwaysyouramanda Жыл бұрын

Okay, memory. So the plants do think-! They sleep too. They’ve even got the DMT molecule we know to cause our vivid dreams.

@alwaysyouramanda Жыл бұрын

A girl asked me once if I thought dogs think… I lost faith in humanity that day.

@schitlipz 8 ай бұрын

I couldn't watch because of the post-production nauseation effect. Stop that.

@pooplucky3793 Жыл бұрын

Ironic to be watching at 4am

@alienwizards3246 Жыл бұрын

can you grow a beard?

@seditt5146 Жыл бұрын

Sounds exactly like Backpropagation. I have believed this the moment I learned how to write Neural networks and even named some of my Backprop functions simply " sleep(double _delta){ "