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Being the largest land empire in history, and the second largest empire in history (behind the British Empire), the Mongol Empire was created in the 13th and 14th centuries. It was the result of the unification of many nomadic tribes in the Mongol homeland under the leadership of Genghis Khan (c. 1162-1227), proclaimed ruler of all the Mongols in 1206 by the council of the tribes.
The Empire became a large one in a short amount of time under the rule of Gengis Khan and his descendants. It extended from Asia to Europe and under the Pax Mongolica there was a great deal of trade of goods and ideologies, commodities and technologies. After that the Empire suffered from wars of succession and ended up split in various reigns.
A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country. During the High Middle Ages, knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility. By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry. Often, a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord, with payment in the form of land holdings. Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship (and especially the joust) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century. This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry, cavalier and related terms.
In the late medieval period, new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete, but the titles remained in many nations.
While the knight was essentially a title denoting a military office, the term could also be used for positions of higher nobility such as landholders. The higher nobles grant the vassals their portions of land (fiefs) in return for their loyalty, protection, and service. The nobles also provided their knights with necessities. The knight generally held his lands by military tenure which was measured through military service that usually lasted 40 days a year. Vassals and lords could maintain any number of knights, although knights with more military experience were those most sought after. A knight fighting under another's banner was called a knight bachelor while a knight fighting under his own banner was a knight banneret.
A knight had to be born of nobility - typically sons of knights or lords. In some cases commoners could also be knighted as a reward for extraordinary military service.
The seven-year-old boys were given the title of page and turned over to the care of the castle's lords. They were placed on an early training regime. Pages then become assistants to older knights in battle, carrying and cleaning armour, taking care of the horses, and packing the baggage. Older pages were instructed by knights in swordsmanship, equestrianism, chivalry, warfare, and combat (but using wooden swords and spears).
When the young boy turned 15, he became a squire. During this time the squires continued training in combat and were allowed to own armour (rather than borrowing it).
Squires were required to master the “seven points of agilities” - riding, swimming and diving, shooting different types of weapons, climbing, participation in tournaments, wrestling, fencing, long jumping, and dancing - the prerequisite skills for knighthood. All of these were even performed while wearing armour.
Upon turning 21, the squire was eligible to be knighted.
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