Here we will Understand the Modes of Transfer Programmed IO.
Binary information received from an external device is usually stored in memory
for later processing. The information transferred from the central computer into
an external device originates in the memory unit. The CPU merely executes the
IO instructions and may accept the data temporarily, but the ultimate source
or destination is the memory unit. Data transfer between the central computer
and IO devices may be handled in a variety of modes. Some modes use the
CPU as an intermediate path; others transfer the data directly to and from the
memory unit. Data transfer to and from peripherals may be handled in one of
three possible modes:
1. Programmed IO
2. Interrupt-initiated IO
3. Direct memory access (DMA)
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