As an academic clinician I support this message.

Exactly

How? From astrophysics. Wasn't it discovered by quantum physicist Yeah looked it up, wasn't discovered by astrophysicists at all, but by Isodor Rabi.

Absolutely! I feel like the hard sciences need better marketing

I had the honor of meeting and interviewing Dr.Raymond Damadian before he passed … the true inventor of the MRI… funny and brilliant… a nice guy all around…

I know this comment is a month old but i wanted to ask if you got the tumor taken care of.

​@@finncatwillhelm2457Seconded. Hope the word "had" implies what we think it means...

@@finncatwillhelm2457 hi! Yeah, they did a great job and after about 9 months even I started to forget I’d ever had the operation. Only feels very slightly different internally if I rub one side of my face then rub the other, which is to be expected. It’s not bad, just different. Slightly tighter perhaps, because of the way the tissues knitted back together inside my face, but no pain or specific discomfort. Are you also having a similar operation?

@@ChristopherWoods nah I just wanted some good news I guess.

As an engineer with brain cancer, same

I’ve gotten so used to them (transplant patient), I just fall asleep 😴

I think she is into it, but I think that she’s happy about a lot of things.

You should have told Phil Silvers and Terry-Thomas that the big W was in a hospital.

yeah ur body is generating the radiation for it to work 💀

Because it is Magnetic Resonance Imaging, it uses strong magnetic field fir imaging and not non-ionising radiation

Positron emission tomography is better for cancer.

​@@LabRat6619 not as readily available as MRI tho, though MRI itself is not always available in some places

Alien technology

Every good chemist is also part nuclear physicist and particle physicist. Once you understand the behaviour and function of atoms and molecules, you can start to make them dance for your amusement or medical benefit. The more you understand, the better the tech becomes and the better our tech becomes, the more we are able to understand. Of course, to the layman, such things will appear to be magic. Hells, a poor or even average chemist will think such things are magic! But for a competent chemist, the world is Hogwarts and you are the wizard!

Look at me im a Geek 🤓

Some really brilliant physicists.

Completely plausible. And extremely clever. Human scientific discoveries are incredible; building generation upon generation. Imagine just how much more advanced our knowledge would be today if the Catholic Church hadn't spent 2,000 years supressing the philosophy, literature and science of the Alexandria Library. Knowledge that was lost and took 1,500 years to start being rediscovered. If you're unaware, read Carl Sagan and look it up. The Church gave us this "ooo it's mythical and implausible" self-doubt. It's not. It's good science and human intelligence at work.

Nope, in fact they expose you to less radiation than xray scans

No, those with kidney disease should let their doctor know prior to getting contrast. Contrast isn’t required for an mri though

Yes, potentially deadly if the patient is not truthful about having metal in their body. Even if the metal isn't ferromagnetic, movement through the magnetic field can induce a current and cause severe burns.

MRIs itself isn't harmful to the human body. It doesn't introduce anything to your body anyway. The super magnets don't damage the body whatsoever. However since it uses powerful magnets, any ferrous metals can get attracted to it. So if you have anything like a pacemaker in your body, then you run the risk of destroying the pacemaker and injuring your body in some way. Hence its important to disclose these things to the doctor or technologist.

Nope

The blood vessel images on the Tesla 7.1's are worth googling

Good for you!

Speclab has been one of my favourite and difficult modules - NMR on it's own is a PITA but with some IR or Mass Spec, it's more like suduko.

I have actually done nmr on xenon nuclei. No fooling. Look up “NMR optically pumped xenon”

I am old enough to have learned about NMR and we read them back in like 1985, if I remember correctly it was able to read proton spin.

It has to be an integer multiple of spin 1/2. Any atom / isotope with integer spin states is not nmr active iirc. The number of atoms in a molecule doesn't matter. Any neutral molecule with just C, H, and O will have an even number of H's.

Exactly. I was about to comment this 😊

KZfaq channel Sky Scholar help to prove the previous math incorrect and that MRI was possible. Later he paid $200K to put an ad in The NY Times to talk about his theory of what the sun is made of (liquid metallic hydrogen)

Much more difficult than going back to the Moon

Its a huge conceptual and engineering feat for sure, but it's "standing on the shoulders of other giants"

I'd say the LHC was the most difficult thing to achieve in science. An incredible engineering feat.

You mean American Hospital

@@Remoteinductment24 where are they cheaper, and by how much?

My last MRI was $300

@@serenitymoon825 zero insurance and no special connection?

Even $300 sounds expensive for a picture. Before you say that is expensive technology. It doesn't have to be. The materials and manufacturing can be less than a car. But making it expensive to sell less and to use less than a car makes more money. I car only gets used about 5-10% a day too.

Bad explanation though.

@@StatiCraft3712 for a 45 sec clip, it was a perfect explanation.

@@nousername8947 not at all. Maybe if you wanted to explain it incorrectly to a 6th grader. Biggest error is assigning a physical attribute to spin

​@@StatiCraft3712 yeah how it really works is very weird and unintuitive. I don't think it can be explained in layman's terms in a short.

@@panner11 I don't think it can either. But it doesn't need to be to explain how an MRI works

I remember exploratory surgery. I wondered where it went! Much better not to physically slice you.

@@janets7291Still happens, but extremely rarely nowadays. There are a few things you can't see well in X-rays (includes CT), MRIs, or ultrasound, so you have to still open the body to look. Nowadays it is typically done endoscopically, so even it is much less invasive as well.

Yeah, well back in my day, we solved everything via lobotomy.

Holly $hit 😵

From cutting open to just scanning. It's like the jump from thousands of years to near modern hundreds where it was done with far more skill and roadmaps than the old world... to near Star Trekian levels of "scan them", freakin awesome.

At some point Cleo got confused, she is saying the magnet makes her atoms spin. They always have spin and precession. The magnet aligns them and pulses of Radio Frequency flip them.

Yeah I learned about this in class this year in chemistry while studying spectroscopy but it was only two pages really base level. Now I am really interested to go into more detail.

And if you have any implanted electronics like a pacemaker you can’t go near an mri magnet

Newer MRI machines take the discomfort into account for claustrophobics, and for everyone else in the first world with a BMI > 30 😅

I have MS and so I have MRIs annually. My recent one was in a new MRI machine and it had a window! Someone who is claustrophobic would still likely hate it, but better than the old style. My MRIs take an extremely long time because they have to do the brain and then sections of the spine. It was almost 90 minutes. Luckily only once a year. I basically close my eyes and meditate. I also use my own earplugs which are better than the ones my hospital provides.

​@@AndreaCrispI'm about to ask about wireless ear buds then I realised my stupidity. I think I'd be bored out of my mind sitting for an hour.

@@MrEo89 the open MRIs are not at good as providing images as the regular machines

Or make you get the cheapest ultrasound. My doc requests MRI with contrast agent, but using those agents requires good kidneys.

CT scans are more expensive than MRIs

@@deadreckoning292 thats generally not the case. On average an MRI costs around 2 times as much as an equivalent CT

Or x-rays...

MRIs are definitely more expensive than CT scans. At least in the USA.

As a student who took a course related to this. Yeah it completely lost me. Weirded out and difficult to grasp is an understatement.

k space 😢

In the defence of K-space: it is typically overcomplicated. It's abstract, but nothing more or less than a table where it writes down the signal with different levels of gradient. Every echo will come from the entire volume of the slice. The x and y axes are literally the phase encoding gradient and frequency encoding gradient (from a negative, to a positive state, with a 'neutral' state in the middle. And in order to perform the fourier transformations (I'm not even going to pretend like I know how those work), you have to fill out the entire table. The consequences of this are a little less abstract. A gradient is an inhomogenous magnet, is less signal, but a lot more specific to which frequencies get written down. More gradient = more details. So the edges of the K-space (which are the stronger positive and negative sides) will hold information about details. Less gradient = more signal, more signal is more definition between contrasts. So the neutral center of the K-space holds most of the contrast and signal. Echoes are symmetrical. It rephases and dephases symmetrically. But a negative and positive gradient will also be symmetrical. So a K space will be centrically symmetrical, allowing for some tricks to 'skip' the slow phase encoding gradient. And that, together with the fact that (except for water-fatshift) all artefacts (motion, fold over etc) will arise in your phase encoding direction is why it's a parameter. K-space is a pretty basic thing if you think about it. It is just a table. The math done with the fourier stuff is weird but the K-space itself and the consequences (especially when explained simultaniously with the gradients) aren't too complicated.

@@lauriedepaurie When I was feeling unwell after my MRI, I was told by the MRI Technician that your cells get flipped upside down when doing the MRI & then go back to normal there after. She said that was probably why I wasn't feeling well when I get these. I told her if I take EmergenC after or at least 1,000 mg of Vit. C it helps me recover quickly. Do you agree about the MRI flipping your cells & that could make you feel ill, if not what would be your reasoning?

@@ForHisGloryMinistry the MRI doesn't really flip anything, let alone cells. It changes the direction of the spins of protons inside of the pools of water cells are. There are 2 effects you might notice caused in an MRI. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (which is typically felt as tingles or muscle spasms while the machine is scanning) and moving through higher field strengths can be felt (we're not totally sure why or how). Both of which are very short term and are as far as we're aware completely harmless. Most of the side effects are typically related to a contrast dye being used, nerves and or already known symptoms. Whatever the cause it's actually not oncommon for people to be dizzy, overstimulated, tired, emotional etc. after a scan, and whatever helps for you helps for you.

It's an N word you're not supposed to say

Nukeular are scary

There is a branch of radiology called nuclear medicine right?

@@shrikanthpai6604 which usually involves injecting radioactive isotopes into the body that can then be sensed by a reader sensitive to that particular type of radiation. (N)MRI doesn't involve radioactivity. "Nuclear magnetic resonance" refers to the nucleus of the atom aligning in the magnetic field and then resonating when hit with a strong RF field, which produces a signal that can used to build up a picture of the interior of the body.

@RobWVideo understand the concept of nmr dint know the other thing

Jesus! Imagine still having your nipple piercing on😅

_mri safety demonstration_ is a decent search for anyone interested

Laymen... Looks like reality to me.

@@_Ben___ You didn't even read my comment carefully...

Don't google 'MRI of foetus,' because their eyeballs make them look like little demons. That's why they make you stick with an ultrasound aha! XD

​@@BallyBoy95 Well damn, now I _have_ to look that up 😂

​@@BallyBoy95saw a doctor made a short abt it and someone commented that they will post that baby in the baby shower the baby announcement etc until they grow up haha i can send the link or comment its funny

Amazing. Totally magical what secrets nature holds and what we can learn just by understanding the laws that govern it

You can differentiate between any tissue actually. In fact NMR spectroscopy (same tech) is used in biochemistry to analyze the exact structure of biomolecules. Or it can be simply used to analyze a sample and see whats in there.

It's complicated but a medical MRI only does HNMR bio chem uses CNMR and HNMR. Because each tissue in the body usually has different proteins and chemical structures all being hydrocarbons, the MRI yes can differentiate between almost any tissue but not all. However, the technology used for lab analysis actually does not function the same way an animal MRI machine works, its measurement is for a tiny highly pure sample. impure samples give false positives. The MRI in medicine makes a topographical computer-enhancedd image of the wiggle from the different types of hydrogen bonds in the molecules in the animal body. Of the 8 different movements (i believe its 8) hydrogen makes an MRI response to two (wiggle and stretch) whereas the HNMR using much higher energy per unit area does all forms.

The deep fakes are getting crazy

I was going to say a cross between Cindy Crawford and Keira Knightly. 😊

She's the very last person I'd listen to about anything.

Just say it guys, she's a doll.

@Robin Hood I get it, you much prefer to listen to ugly women.

U need a powerplant to run it. 😂

Superconducting magnets supercooled by liquid helium. And that's just the the magnets!

​@@profiskipinternational4402 not really. Once the magnet is at full field they pull the plug from the magnet... The electricity continues to flow through the magnet because of super conductivity. It's one of the closest things we have to perpetual motion. NOTE it's not perpetual motion. There are losses and it needs more power in a year or two to keep at field. Yeah you need power for the computers and transmitters but not much more than a powerful ham radio.

​@@guym6093 Electricity from where if the power is cut to the magnet? How does that work??

@@Network126 The magnetic coil is super cooled almost to absolute 0. This makes the magnet very close to 0 ohms resistance. Which allows the electrons to flow through the magnet freely. Resistance is the enemy of perpetual motion. If you can bring the resistance to 0 then you have unity. NOTE I said almost 0 resistance. So the electrons do flow through the magnet but not forever. So it's not perpetual motion. The magnet can stay at field for 2 to 3 years. Until the electrons dissipate do to heat and the field decays. If you really want to get into how these super conductive magnets work look up ramping super conductive imaging magnets. The problem is that you need to use liquid helium to keep the magnet coils cold enough.

You measure the electromagnetic waves emmited as the nuclei "relax". But you want a frequency domain not a time domain which where the Fourier transform comes in. Estimating the frequency domain from molecule structure is one of most annoying things I had to learn at uni ^^

Lol. I couldn't even hear the music . It was no help. 30 minutes of fear. Lol

That is the magnetic field being turned on and off each time it does so the atoms emit a radio wave that's how they map your body. But I Love the DID DIE DIE LOL😅

The sounds actually make me sleep. I had more than 10 MRIs for my brain to the end of my spine, takes more than 1 hour every time so I am used to it.

😂😂😂😂

​@@darknessLordCC Yep. I sleep through them. Zzzzz ...

yeah mine was super relaxing. i had one done for my brain (i think in order to get cleared to take medication, i can't rlly remember) but it was really nice to just lie there & think.

You can't really turn on/off electromagnets of this size. What they do is apply an RF pulse at an angle to the field and watch the relaxation

Thank you. I feel this is what the video failed to explain

@@bryanmills5028 thank you for a better explanation.

@@bryanmills5028 The electromagnetic field in an MRI scanner is turned off by reducing the voltage to the coils that create the field. The voltage is gradually reduced over a period of a few milliseconds, which allows the molecules in the body to realign without emitting too much radio signal. If the voltage was simply turned off, the molecules would realign very quickly and emit a large amount of radio signal. This would make it difficult to create clear images. The MRI scanner also uses a technique called "gradient pulses" to create the images. Gradient pulses are short bursts of radio waves that are used to create a spatial variation in the magnetic field. This variation allows the MRI scanner to distinguish between different parts of the body.

@@dustinsc2023 the magnet for the homogeneous z-magnetisation does never turn off or change in any way. It’s a superconducting magnet with a constant magnetic field which gets ramped up once when the MRI is installed. The changing magnetic field is introduced by the gradients, extra non-superconducting coils for extra x-y, and z magnetisation. They make it no more homogeneous but give the magnetic field a gradient in magnetic strength in a certain direction which defines the plane where the spins are excited by the high-frequency pulse (similar in frequency as a microwave). This works because the frequency the spin turns and resonates (this is why it’s called mRi) is dependent on the magnetic field the spin lies in. With these gradients, only the spins get excited that lie in the certain layer of specific magnetic field strength. The spins then change the magnetisation of the measuring coils with a certain frequency and decay time where a 2D-Fourier Transform can then be used to build an image. I hope this helped a bit :)

Dint they use electric impulses to transmit voice over a wire and reproduce it at the other end. Imagine the moment when that was discovered

Radar had that worked out, at least part of it. Cat scans solved the other part

It wasn’t any _one_ genius. It was a team - actually several teams

@@ColonelFredPuntridge it was one guy: Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier

@@DrDeuteron His contribution was certainly pivotal, I won't deny that. But you can't attribute all of MRI to him alone, or even just the transformation of electrical impulses into images.

That is a side-effect of the contrast-dye, not an effect of the MRI itself.

I just had one last week. It felt like my body was vibrating.

​@@ColonelFredPuntridge How are you sure? It seems like it might make sense that the MR is jiggling your water and heating you up?

@@OmnipotentNoodle Yes I am quite sure. NMR doesn't work by "jiggling" the water; that is what microwave ovens and infrared space-heaters do, not NMR spectrometers. (Actually microwaves make your water molecules _rotate_ faster; infra-red radiation is what "jiggles" the water molecules.) What you are doing when you do MRI (which is a type of NMR) is you are tweaking the spin directions of the magnetic nuclei (usually H+ nuclei, aka protons, but sometimes carbon-13 or some other atomic nucleus), which are like little atom-sized compass-needles (very small, very weak magnets). Not good transmitters of energy or heat.

@@snowps1 LOL what was vibrating was most likely the motor which slides you in and out of the magnetic field, or the motor which moves the spectrometer around your head or body. NMR itself does not cause vibrations you could feel.

Any examples?

Have you checked out the channel Technology Connections?

Does this seem mundane? It's a magic tube that scans the inside of your body lol.

Probably residual excitement from just stepping out of the MRI

What's his name is he from the US or from Germany. Did he ever get to work on the indomitable

@@mindys1198 sorry, but for privacy of me and my father I would like to not state his name, but he is German and was developing the tech at Böhringer Ingelheim in close collaboration with the NIH in the US, worked there for a while as well. As for whom or what exactly he worked with, I would have to ask him, as I do not remember all his stories 😅

Dr. Pierre-Marie Robitaille from Sky Scholar channel helped to prove the previous math incorrect and that MRI was possible

Are you okay?

@@rubayaafzal2658 Oh yeah, everything came out normal :D

WOAH

No way

No you can't. You can feel the radio waves (and it feels awesome btw). Humans have no ability to perceive magnetic fields of any type.

Bs!

Had an mri just now, even I could feel it

The Beatles had a hand in development funds of the CT scanner through the company EMI. The code and calculations of imaging technology helped with the MRI as well.

Did y’all have a bunch of sex?

Name of the place?

@@hassanghaffari9191 I just got this message that you wanted to know the name of the place three months later and I finally get a reply. I would have answered you the minute I saw this. It is no longer there. The name of the place was called the Soul Esteem Center IT WAS IN MARYLAND HEIGHTS MISSOURI. They did NO* DOUBT* PRAYERS*. THEY TAUGHT CHRIST'S TEACHINGS. AND HONORED THE MANY DIFFERENT PATHS VERY SPIRITUAL PLACE NOT RELIGIOUS

@@hassanghaffari9191 I have found that unity is the closest to what they would share at the soul esteem center.

​@@melaniestarkey7868beautiful

There's no contrast

@@hbbstn better

Contrast is from ct scans

@@The_fusion_physics_guy contrast is used for MRIs - I I had some pumped into me before one - had allergic reaction.

MRI contrast is an organically bound gadolinium compound of some sort. Multiple different varieties. However most modern MRI contrast is significantly safer than it used to be and allergic reactions are extremely rare. Though obviously can happen.

Which movie exactly?

Love that movie! I just rewatched it.

​@@shafaathmohammed1297 Interstellar

Canada: We’ll get a scan of your body once we are sure you won’t get better without it. 24 hours later… Canada: You must have emergency surgery, according to this scan, you could die at any minute. ^^^ I lived this and it’s not uncommon ^^^

Here in New Zealand 🇳🇿 I had a full brain & spine MRI for NZ$3,000 total (US$1,900). That was with a 3T MRI.

In Greece i had a brain and spine MRI scan for 400 euros. That's a little more than 400 $. And there i was thinking it was too expensive

hahha right

what?? no!😂

@@user-re8jn7iz3f Yup

@@user-re8jn7iz3f Yep. A PET scanner's image is built by detecting the radiation given off by matter/antimatter annihilations. (Specifically electrons and positrons - Positron Emission Tomography)

@@AnonymousFreakYT i know, its an injected radioactive fluid which is then detected…but to say its antimatter is a bit far off, its not THE antimatter you think it is

@@user-re8jn7iz3f what do you mean it’s not THE antimatter? Antimatter is antimatter. The radionuclide isn’t what’s detected, it breaks down to emit positrons, which is antimatter. The positrons annihilate with matter and the products of that are detected

I'm assuming you're 150kg and in a basement.

I mean he’s like a real life Nerdelbaum Frink Jr

Who the fuck is we.

I think this advancement is necessary for some areas and kind of a hazard in others.

@@creativeastronauts6894 indeed

@@_Ben___ humanity in its "entirety", what else?